CN110973169A - Biological pesticide of raspberry leaf alcohol extract and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Biological pesticide of raspberry leaf alcohol extract and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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Abstract
The invention provides a raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of biopesticides. The raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide comprises the following components: the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, the soapberry oil, the soapberry saponin, the chitosan and the sodium carbonate or the sodium bicarbonate are prepared by dissolving the substances in water according to a formula, and stirring the mixture to completely emulsify the mixture to obtain stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide. The biological pesticide has good expelling and killing effects on aphids and locusts, the preparation method is simple, the effective components are from leaves of the raspberry, the formula does not contain components harmful to the environment, the prevention and treatment effects on the aphids and the locusts are considerable, and the biological pesticide has great significance for environmental protection.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of biological pesticides, and relates to a raspberry leaf alcohol extract biological pesticide and a preparation method thereof.
Background art:
raspberry (academic name:Rubusidaeus L.) Is a woody plant of Rubus of Rosaceae, is a fruit, and has sour and sweet taste, and barb grown on the branch and stem of the plant. Raspberries have many aliases, such as: rubus Suavissimus, raspberry, wild raspberry, and black currant.
The fruit of raspberry is a polymeric fruit with red, golden and black colors, which is widely distributed in China but is rarely known in Europe and America, and only a few rashes are cultivated in the northeast, which is rare in the market. The raspberry plant can be used as a medicine, has various medicinal values, and the fruit of the raspberry plant has the functions of tonifying kidney and strengthening yang. The raspberry seed oil belongs to unsaturated fatty acid, and can promote secretion of hormone by prostate gland.
Biopesticides are agents that kill or inhibit agricultural pests by using living organisms (fungi, bacteria, insect viruses, transgenic organisms, natural enemies, etc.) or metabolites thereof (pheromones, auxins, sodium naphthylacetate, 2, 4-D, etc.). Also called as natural pesticide, it is non-chemically synthesized, and comes from natural chemical substances or living bodies, and has the functions of sterilization pesticide and insect-repellent pesticide. The biological pesticide comprises microorganisms such as entomopathogenic nematodes, bacteria and viruses, plant derivatives, insect pheromone and the like. Biopesticides play an important role in integrated pest management systems (IPM) for organic agricultural use. Expert research has suggested that biopesticides have developed for several reasons: environmental pollution by pesticides, resistance to the gradual development of their target population, and negative effects of pesticides on non-target populations. Over the past three decades, chemists, biochemists, toxicologists, and IPM experts have together studied a new generation of compounds derived from plants with efficacy in managing pests and minimal environmental adverse effects.
Sapindus saponin (S)oapnutSaponin) Is wild deciduous tree soapberry (Sapindusmukorossi Gareth.) The main surface active components of the extract of the pericarp are triterpenoid saponins (I), sesquiterpene glycosides (II), fatty oil and protein, and the extract is a natural nonionic surfactant, a pure natural product and is not added with any artificially synthesized detergent, essence, pigment and preservative. Has strong effect of reducing surface tension, can be used for cleaning skin (bathing, face washing, hand washing and hair washing) and washing clothes, has good cleaning performance, effectively removes dirt, has no peculiar smell, resists bacteria, beautifies, whitens, removes spots and acnes, and prevents and treats skin diseases. 100 percent degradation, mildness, no stimulation and no generation of residues harmful to human health and environment.
The invention content is as follows:
in order to solve the safety problems of high toxicity, drug resistance and the like of the traditional pesticides, the advantages of natural biological pesticides are more and more obvious, and in order to solve the problem of low drug effect of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, the invention provides the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biological pesticide, and the formula of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biological pesticide is as follows: 5-15% (m/V) of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 1-5% (m/V) of soapberry oil, 1-4% (m/V) of soapberry saponin, 0.5-3% (m/V) of chitosan, 1-2.5% (m/V) of sodium carbonate and the balance of water. The pesticide has the characteristics of killing effect on aphids close to that of the traditional pesticide, convenient preparation and strong stability of emulsion.
Wherein, the sodium carbonate in the formula is sodium bicarbonate. Is used for providing a weak alkaline environment for the pesticide.
Meanwhile, based on the formula of the pesticide, the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, the soapberry oil, the soapberry saponin, the chitosan and the sodium carbonate according to a formula of 5-15% (m/V) of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 1-5% (m/V) of the soapberry oil, 1-4% (m/V) of the soapberry saponin, 0.5-3% (m/V) of the chitosan and 1-2.5% (m/V) of the sodium carbonate, stirring to completely emulsify the mixture to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide;
the preparation method of the ethanol extract of the leaves of the raspberry comprises the following steps:
a) drying and crushing the raspberry leaves to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase:
c) leaching with 60-75% (v/v) ethanol water solution as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of a leaching solution to 8.2-9.0, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf ethanol extract;
d) removing water and ethanol in the raspberry leaf ethanol extract to obtain the raspberry leaf ethanol extract.
Wherein the temperature of the raspberry leaf drying and the temperature of the water and the ethanol in the raspberry leaf alcohol extract removing are between 30 and 80 ℃.
Wherein the addition amount of the hemicellulase is 0.2-5%, and the hemicellulase is subjected to enzymolysis for 10-60 min at the temperature of 30-60 ℃.
The preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps: crushing the soapberry seed kernels to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder; extracting oil in the soapberry seed kernel powder by using an extraction solvent of the edible oil to obtain soapberry crude oil; adding activated clay powder and NaOH powder into the crude soapberry oil, centrifuging, and removing the activated clay to obtain soapberry oil.
The extraction solvent of the edible oil is used for extracting grease in the soapberry seed kernel powder, preferably petroleum ether is used for ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and the extraction conditions are as follows: the extraction temperature is 35-60 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 70-220 w, the mixing ratio of the petroleum ether to the soapberry seed kernel powder is 40: 1-10: 1mL/g, and the extraction time is 10-50 min.
Wherein the addition amount of the activated clay powder is 1-20% (m/v), and the addition amount of NaOH is 0.3-1.5% (m/v).
Wherein the sodium carbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
The raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide is diluted by water before use and is uniformly sprayed on crops, and the spraying amount is 0.5-2L/mu in terms of undiluted pesticides.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides a raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide, which comprises raspberry leaf alcohol extract, soapberry oil, soapberry saponin, chitosan and sodium carbonate. Researches show that the raspberry leaf alcohol extract has poor aphid killing effect after being independently prepared into an aqueous solution. However, after the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, the soapberry oil, the soapberry saponin and the like are mixed, and the pH value of the whole solution is adjusted, the effect of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract on killing aphids is remarkably improved in a weakly alkaline environment, the effect of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract on killing the aphids is multiplied by combining the soapberry oil and the soapberry saponin, an optimal formula is found through orthogonal experiments, and the insect population reduction rate of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide is 76-77% under the condition of the optimal formula. Although the data has a certain difference from the traditional pesticides, the dosage and the preparation cost of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide are still higher, and the control effect of aphids of the natural pollution-free biopesticide is still considerable.
The effective components of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide are derived from raspberry leaves, and the formula of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide does not contain components harmful to the environment, so that the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide has considerable aphid control effect and great significance for environmental protection.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
In the embodiment, fresh raspberry leaves and fresh or fresh-kept soapberry fruits without rot are selected, and the hemicellulase has the enzyme activity of 200u/mg, the temperature range of 30-60 ℃, the pH value: 4.0-5.5, the soapberry saponin is from Shaanxi New Tian Domain biotechnology limited, and the content of the soapberry saponin is 70%.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a biological pesticide of an alcohol extract of raspberry leaves, which comprises the alcohol extract of the raspberry leaves, soapberry oil, soapberry saponin, chitosan and sodium carbonate, and the specific formula is as follows: the content of soapberry oil is 3% (m/V), the alcohol extract of raspberry leaves is 8% (m/V), the saponin of soapberry is 2% (m/V), the chitosan is 2% (m/V), the sodium carbonate is 2% (m/V), and the balance is water.
The preparation method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract comprises the following steps:
a) crushing: drying the raspberry leaves at 50 ℃ by blowing air, and crushing after drying to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase: putting the raspberry leaf powder into water, adding hemicellulase which accounts for 2% of the weight of the raspberry leaf powder into the water, and performing enzymolysis at 50 ℃ for 40min to obtain the enzymolyzed raspberry leaf powder.
c) Ethanol leaching: filtering the raspberry leaf powder subjected to enzymolysis, cleaning, draining, adding 70% (v/v) ethanol water as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of the solution to be 8.2-9.0 by using sodium hydroxide, leaching for 120min, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf alcohol extract;
d) drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract at 50 ℃, and obtaining the raspberry leaf alcohol extract after drying.
The preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps:
a) pretreatment of soapberry fruits: selecting fresh full soapberry fruits without diseases and insect pests, cleaning dust on the surfaces of the fruits, deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃, drying the fruits to constant weight in an oven at 80 ℃, peeling the soapberry fruits to separate aril from kernels; crushing the shells, taking out the soapberry seed kernels, and crushing to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder.
b) Ultrasonic cleaning auxiliary extraction: ultrasonic-assisted extraction of soapberry seed kernel powder by using petroleum ether at 40 ℃ for 40min and 120w of ultrasonic power, wherein the ratio of the petroleum ether to the soapberry seed kernel powder is 40:1 mL/g. And after the extraction is finished, distilling to remove petroleum ether to obtain the soapberry crude oil.
c) Treating soapberry crude oil: heating the crude soapberry oil to 70 ℃, adding 10% (m/v) of activated clay powder and 0.5% (m/v) of NaOH powder, mixing, stirring, oscillating for 50min, and centrifuging and filtering to remove the activated clay powder; standing at 75 deg.C for 36h, filtering to obtain soapberry oil layer, and collecting the treated soapberry oil.
The preparation method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biological pesticide comprises the following steps:
weighing 30g of soapberry oil, 80g of raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 20g of soapberry saponin, 20g of chitosan and 20g of sodium carbonate according to the weight, dissolving in 1L of water, and fully stirring to completely emulsify to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide.
Before use, the biological pesticide of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract is diluted and sprayed in the field according to the spraying amount of 1L/mu in terms of the undiluted pesticide.
Example 2
A biological pesticide of an alcohol extract of raspberry leaves comprises the alcohol extract of the raspberry leaves, soapberry oil, soapberry saponin, chitosan and sodium carbonate, and the specific formula is as follows: the content of soapberry oil is 1% (m/V), the alcohol extract of raspberry leaves is 5% (m/V), the saponin of soapberry is 1% (m/V), the chitosan is 0.5% (m/V), the sodium carbonate is 1% (m/V), and the balance is water.
The preparation method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract comprises the following steps:
a) crushing: drying the raspberry leaves at 80 ℃ by blowing air, and crushing after drying to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase: putting the raspberry leaf powder into water, adding hemicellulase which accounts for 5% of the weight of the raspberry leaf powder into the water, and performing enzymolysis at 60 ℃ for 60min to obtain the enzymolyzed raspberry leaf powder.
c) Ethanol leaching: filtering the raspberry leaf powder subjected to enzymolysis, cleaning, draining, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol water as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of the solution to 8.2-9.0 by using sodium hydroxide, leaching for 50min, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf alcohol extract;
d) drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract at 80 ℃, and obtaining the raspberry leaf alcohol extract after drying.
The preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps:
a) pretreatment of soapberry fruits: selecting fresh full soapberry fruits without diseases and insect pests, cleaning dust on the surfaces of the fruits, deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃, drying the fruits in an oven at 70-80 ℃ to constant weight, peeling the soapberry fruits to separate aril from kernels; crushing the shells, taking out the soapberry seed kernels, and crushing to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder.
b) No. 6 extraction solvent for extracting crude oil of Chinese soapberry fruit: mixing No. 6 extraction solvent with the soapberry seed kernel powder at a mixing ratio of 20:1mL/g, extracting oil from the soapberry seed kernels by an extraction method, and distilling to remove the extraction solvent after extraction is completed to obtain the soapberry crude oil.
c) Treating soapberry crude oil: heating the crude soapberry oil to 80 ℃, adding 20% (m/v) of activated clay powder and 1.5% (m/v) of NaOH powder, mixing, stirring, oscillating for 60min, and centrifuging and filtering to remove the activated clay powder; standing at 80 deg.C for 48h, filtering to obtain soapberry oil layer, and collecting the treated soapberry oil.
Weighing 10g of soapberry oil, 50g of raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 10g of soapberry saponin, 10g of chitosan and 5g of sodium carbonate according to the weight, dissolving in 1L of water, and fully stirring to completely emulsify to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide.
Before use, the biological pesticide of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract is diluted and sprayed in the field according to the spraying amount of 0.5L/mu in terms of the undiluted pesticide.
Example 3
A biological pesticide of an alcohol extract of raspberry leaves comprises the alcohol extract of the raspberry leaves, soapberry oil, soapberry saponin, chitosan and sodium carbonate, and the specific formula is as follows: the content of soapberry oil is 5% (m/V), the alcohol extract of raspberry leaves is 15% (m/V), the saponin of soapberry is 4% (m/V), the chitosan is 3% (m/V), the sodium carbonate is 2.5% (m/V), and the balance is water.
The preparation method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract comprises the following steps:
a) crushing: drying the raspberry leaves at 30 ℃ by blowing air, and crushing after drying to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase: putting the raspberry leaf powder into water, adding hemicellulase which is 0.2% of the weight of the raspberry leaf powder into the water, and carrying out enzymolysis at 30 ℃ for 10min to obtain the enzymolyzed raspberry leaf powder.
c) Ethanol leaching: filtering the raspberry leaf powder subjected to enzymolysis, cleaning, draining, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol water as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of the solution to 8.2-9.0 by using sodium hydroxide, leaching for 240min, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf alcohol extract;
d) drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract at 80 ℃, and obtaining the raspberry leaf alcohol extract after drying.
The preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps:
a) pretreatment of soapberry fruits: selecting fresh full soapberry fruits without diseases and insect pests, cleaning dust on the surfaces of the fruits, deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃, drying the fruits to constant weight in a 70 ℃ oven, peeling the soapberry fruits to separate aril from kernels; crushing the shells, taking out the soapberry seed kernels, and crushing to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder.
b) Ultrasonic cleaning auxiliary extraction: ultrasonic-assisted extraction of soapberry seed kernel powder by using petroleum ether at 35 ℃ for 50min and with ultrasonic power of 220w, wherein the ratio of the petroleum ether to the soapberry seed kernel powder is 10:1 mL/g. And after the extraction is finished, distilling to remove petroleum ether to obtain the soapberry crude oil.
c) Treating soapberry crude oil: heating the crude soapberry oil to 60 ℃, adding 1% (m/v) of activated clay powder and 0.3% (m/v) of NaOH powder, mixing, stirring, oscillating for 60min, and centrifuging and filtering to remove the activated clay powder; standing at 70 deg.C for 24 hr, filtering to obtain soapberry oil layer, and collecting the treated soapberry oil.
Weighing 50g of soapberry oil, 150g of raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 40g of soapberry saponin, 30g of chitosan and 25g of sodium carbonate according to the weight, dissolving in 1L of water, and fully stirring to completely emulsify to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide.
Before use, the biological pesticide of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract is diluted and sprayed in the field according to the spraying amount of 2L/mu in terms of undiluted pesticide.
Example 4
A biological pesticide of an alcohol extract of raspberry leaves comprises the alcohol extract of the raspberry leaves, soapberry oil, soapberry saponin, chitosan and sodium bicarbonate, and the specific formula is as follows: the content of soapberry oil is 4% (m/V), the alcohol extract of raspberry leaves is 7% (m/V), the saponin of soapberry is 3% (m/V), the chitosan is 15% (m/V), the sodium bicarbonate is 15% (m/V), and the balance is water.
The preparation method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract comprises the following steps:
a) crushing: drying the raspberry leaves at 30 ℃ by blowing air, and crushing after drying to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase: putting the raspberry leaf powder into water, adding hemicellulase which is 0.2% of the weight of the raspberry leaf powder into the water, and carrying out enzymolysis at 30 ℃ for 10min to obtain the enzymolyzed raspberry leaf powder.
c) Ethanol leaching: filtering the raspberry leaf powder subjected to enzymolysis, cleaning, draining, adding 75% (v/v) ethanol water as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of the solution to 8.2-9.0 by using sodium hydroxide, leaching for 240min, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf alcohol extract;
d) drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, drying the raspberry leaf alcohol extract at 80 ℃, and obtaining the raspberry leaf alcohol extract after drying.
The preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps:
a) pretreatment of soapberry fruits: selecting fresh full soapberry fruits without diseases and insect pests, cleaning dust on the surfaces of the fruits, deactivating enzymes at 105 ℃, drying the fruits to constant weight in a 75 ℃ oven, peeling the soapberry fruits to separate aril from kernels; crushing the shells, taking out the soapberry seed kernels, and crushing to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder.
b) Ultrasonic cleaning auxiliary extraction: ultrasonic-assisted extraction of soapberry seed kernel powder by using petroleum ether at 50 ℃ for 150min and with ultrasonic power of 180w, wherein the ratio of the petroleum ether to the soapberry seed kernel powder is 30:1 mL/g. And after the extraction is finished, distilling to remove petroleum ether to obtain the soapberry crude oil.
c) Treating soapberry crude oil: heating the crude soapberry oil to 70 ℃, adding 10% (m/v) of activated clay powder and 1% (m/v) of NaOH powder, mixing, stirring, oscillating for 50min, and centrifuging and filtering to remove the activated clay powder; standing at 60 deg.C for 5 hr, filtering to obtain soapberry oil layer, and collecting the treated soapberry oil.
Weighing 40g of soapberry oil, 70g of raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 30g of soapberry saponin, 15g of chitosan and 15g of sodium carbonate according to the weight, dissolving in 1L of water, and fully stirring to completely emulsify to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide.
Before use, the biological pesticide of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract is diluted and sprayed in the field according to the spraying amount of 1.5L/mu in terms of the undiluted pesticide.
The biological pesticide of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract is derived from the raspberry leaf alcohol extract and is a natural component, and actual spraying shows that the biological pesticide is harmless to plants and does not have any harmful pesticide residue.
The pesticide effect detection is carried out through the pest expelling effect of the aphids in the wheat test field, the pesticide is uniformly sprayed on the wheat test field according to the equivalent pesticide application amount of the ethanol extract of the raspberry leaves of 80 g/mu, and the pest population base number in the wheat field is investigated before pesticide application. Then, the population base of wheat fields sprayed with different pesticides was investigated on the third and seventh days after application. The investigation was carried out according to GB/T17980.4-2000, namely: sampling and investigating 5 wheat plants at fixed points and 25 wheat plants at fixed points in each cell by adopting a parallel jump type five-point sampling method, counting the aphid quantity on wheat stems and leaves, calculating the insect population reduction rate of different pesticides, and comparing the results with a blank group which is prepared by singly using raspberry leaf alcohol extract to dissolve in water, the application dosage is 80 g/mu, singly using sapindoside, and the equivalent weight is 30 g/mu and not adding pesticides, wherein the results are shown in the following table:
the field insect expelling effect of the aphids shows that the pesticide effect of the embodiment 1 is the best, the control effect on the third day reaches 76.16-77.32%, and the pesticide effect is different from that of the traditional pesticide, but is obviously improved compared with the pesticide effect of a raspberry leaf alcohol extract solution prepared by separately using raspberry leaf alcohol extracts, so that the components contained in the raspberry leaf alcohol extracts can have certain aphid expelling effect, and the pesticide effect of the prepared mixed pesticide is greatly improved after the raspberry leaf alcohol extracts are combined with alkaline environment and common mixing and emulsification of sapindus oil, chitosan and sapindus saponin, so that the efficiency of expelling the aphids from the raspberry leaves can be stimulated by the sapindus oil, chitosan and sapindus saponin.
Claims (10)
1. A raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide is characterized in that: the formula of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide is as follows: 5-15% (m/V) of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 1-5% (m/V) of soapberry oil, 1-4% (m/V) of soapberry saponin, 0.5-3% (m/V) of chitosan, 1-2.5% (m/V) of sodium carbonate and the balance of water.
2. The raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide of claim 1, wherein: the sodium carbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
3. A method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide of claim 1, which is characterized in that: mixing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, the soapberry oil, the soapberry saponin, the chitosan and the sodium carbonate according to a formula of 5-15% (m/V) of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract, 1-5% (m/V) of the soapberry oil, 1-4% (m/V) of the soapberry saponin, 0.5-3% (m/V) of the chitosan and 1-2.5% (m/V) of the sodium carbonate, stirring to completely emulsify the mixture to obtain a stable emulsion, namely the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide;
the preparation method of the ethanol extract of the leaves of the raspberry comprises the following steps:
a) drying and crushing the raspberry leaves to obtain powder of the raspberry leaves;
b) treating raspberry leaf powder with hemicellulase:
c) leaching with 60-75% (v/v) ethanol water solution as an extraction solvent, adjusting the pH of a leaching solution to 8.2-9.0, and filtering after leaching to obtain raspberry leaf ethanol extract;
d) removing water and ethanol in the raspberry leaf ethanol extract to obtain the raspberry leaf ethanol extract.
4. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the temperature of the raspberry leaf drying and the temperature of the water and the ethanol in the raspberry leaf alcohol extract removing are between 30 and 80 ℃.
5. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the addition amount of the hemicellulase is 0.2-5%, and enzymolysis is carried out for 10-60 min at the temperature of 30-60 ℃.
6. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the preparation method of the soapberry oil comprises the following steps: crushing the soapberry seed kernels to 20-100 meshes to obtain soapberry seed kernel powder; extracting oil in the soapberry seed kernel powder by using an extraction solvent of the edible oil to obtain soapberry crude oil; adding activated clay powder and NaOH powder into the crude soapberry oil, centrifuging, and removing the activated clay to obtain soapberry oil.
7. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the extraction solvent of the edible oil is used for extracting grease in the soapberry seed kernel powder, preferably petroleum ether is used for ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and the extraction conditions are as follows: the extraction temperature is 35-60 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 70-220 w, the mixing ratio of the petroleum ether to the soapberry seed kernel powder is 40: 1-10: 1mL/g, and the extraction time is 10-50 min.
8. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 6, is characterized in that: the addition amount of the activated clay powder is 1-20% (m/v), and the addition amount of NaOH is 0.3-1.5% (m/v).
9. The method for preparing the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the sodium carbonate is sodium bicarbonate.
10. The use method of the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biopesticide of claim 1 is characterized in that: the raspberry leaf alcohol extract biological pesticide is diluted by water before use and is uniformly sprayed on crops, and the spraying amount is 0.5-2L/mu in terms of undiluted pesticide.
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