CN110966801B - Heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system and method - Google Patents
Heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110966801B CN110966801B CN201911346405.XA CN201911346405A CN110966801B CN 110966801 B CN110966801 B CN 110966801B CN 201911346405 A CN201911346405 A CN 201911346405A CN 110966801 B CN110966801 B CN 110966801B
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system and a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply method; the device comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, a first one-way valve, an air-cooled evaporator and a second one-way valve; the outlet of the compressor is sequentially connected with a condenser, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, a first one-way valve and an air cooling evaporator in series through pipelines, and finally the air cooling evaporator is connected to the inlet of the compressor; the other passage of the three-way valve is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator through a second single valve; the three-way valve is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops; the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, the photovoltaic module is protected from being damaged due to the fact that the working temperature is too high through the selection of the two loops, the performance of the heat pump is improved, and domestic hot water and domestic electricity can be provided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar heating, in particular to a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system and method.
Background
The solar energy resource is extremely common, has no pollution and is never exhausted, and meets the current requirement of world environment protection. The traditional solar photo-thermal utilization technology is popular in China, but the development of the technology is restricted due to the problems of low energy density, non-uniformity, intermittence and the like of solar energy. In the application of solar photovoltaic power generation, the power generation efficiency may be reduced due to the excessive temperature of the components.
The direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system is one of solar photo-thermal and photoelectric comprehensive utilization technologies, a heat pump cycle is used as a heat transmission path of the system, a photovoltaic cell and a heat pump evaporator are combined into a whole, heat obtained by photo-thermal conversion is firstly absorbed by an evaporation process of a working medium, and the heat is output at a high temperature at a condensation end through the heat pump cycle. On the one hand, the terminal temperature of the photo-thermal conversion heat output can be ensured, and on the other hand, the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell is lower and the photoelectric efficiency is improved under the evaporative cooling of the heat pump working medium.
The phase change heat storage material with high heat conductivity is combined, so that the problem that sunlight is not concentrated and unstable can be effectively solved, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator are further improved. Therefore, the electric heating combined supply photovoltaic-solar heat pump system which is simple and efficient and fully utilizes solar energy resources is expected to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system and a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply method; the technical problems of factors of instability of solar energy in a heat pump part and damage caused by overhigh working temperature in a direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system are solved; the invention aims to fully utilize solar energy resources to improve the solar energy utilization efficiency and the performance of a heat pump.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heating combined supply system comprises two liquid working medium circulation loops formed by the following components: the device comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6, an air cooling evaporator 7 and a second one-way valve 8;
the outlet of the compressor 1 is sequentially connected with a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6 and an air-cooled evaporator 7 in series through pipelines, and finally is connected to the inlet of the compressor 1;
the other passage of the three-way valve 4 is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator 7 through a second single valve 8;
the three-way valve 4 is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the passage A and the passage B of the three-way valve 4 are opened and closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 firstly enters the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 and then sequentially enters each downstream component, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the A passage and the B passage of the three-way valve 4 are closed and the B passage is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 passes through the second single valve 8 and directly enters the air-cooled evaporator 7 and then sequentially enters each downstream component, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated.
The photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 comprises a heat exchange coil 66 for introducing liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel 11, a heat conduction silica gel layer 22 which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer 33, a heat preservation layer 44 and a back plate 55 which are sequentially attached together; the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is coated with heat conducting silica gel and then buried in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The phase transition temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33 ranges from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃; the phase change material layer is formed by compounding paraffin wax and expanded graphite according to the proportion of 75-90:1; the compounding method is that the heated and melted paraffin wax is added into the expanded graphite and fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressed into the required plate shape and adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 through the heat-conducting silica gel layer 22. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
The photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 and the condenser 2 are internally provided with temperature sensors; the sensor arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 is used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 for generating electricity and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33; the temperature sensor built in the condenser 2 is used to detect the water temperature.
The condenser 2 comprises a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet.
The liquid working medium is a refrigerant.
The heat-insulating layer 44 is heat-insulating cotton; the back plate 55 is a metal back plate.
The photovoltaic cell panel 11 is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with a storage battery unit 9.
The three-way valve 4 is an L-shaped three-way valve.
The invention relates to an operation method of a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system, which comprises the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening the A passage and closing the B passage of the three-way valve 4; the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 receives solar radiation, a short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by the photovoltaic panel 11 and is stored in the storage battery unit 9, a long wave part is absorbed and stored by the composite phase change material layer 33, the temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchange coil 66 is raised, the refrigerant is secondarily raised by the air cooling evaporator 7 serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters the compressor 1, the compressor 1 compresses and heats the secondarily-raised refrigerant to a superheated steam state and then sends the superheated steam state into a metal coil of the condenser 2, heat exchange is carried out on water in the condenser 2, the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser 2, meanwhile, the water in the condenser 2 is heated and is used as domestic hot water for heating or is directly used, and the cooled steam is throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve 3 and then circulates downwards in sequence to enter the subsequent evaporation stage for reciprocating circulation; the first loop not only improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator, but also effectively cools the photovoltaic cell panel, improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and protects the photovoltaic module.
A second loop circulation operation step; closing an A passage and opening a B passage of the three-way valve 4; only the air-cooled evaporator 7 serves as a heat exchanger to energize the refrigerant evaporation, while the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 serves as a heat accumulator to store or convert heat.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention has two circulation operation loops, which can be freely switched according to the environmental conditions; the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, the photovoltaic module is protected from being damaged due to the fact that the working temperature is too high, meanwhile, the performance of the heat pump is improved, and domestic electricity can be provided while domestic hot water is provided.
The first loop of the invention circularly operates, the photovoltaic cell panel transfers sunlight heat to the composite phase change material layer, and the composite phase change material layer transfers heat to the refrigerant to heat the refrigerant; the air-cooled evaporator is an auxiliary heat exchanger, and absorbs energy from the environment in the sunshine shortage or overcast and rainy weather to make up for the shortage of the heat absorption capacity of the photovoltaic evaporator and ensure the normal operation of the heat pump system. When solar irradiation reaches a certain intensity in daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide electric energy for a user, the composite phase change material layer absorbs heat energy to relieve the temperature rising rate of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heating uniformity of the photovoltaic cell panel is improved, and when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is higher than 50 ℃, the first loop can be started to circularly run to cool the photovoltaic cell panel, so that the photovoltaic module is prevented from generating thermal damage.
The second loop of the invention circularly operates and is used as a heat pump circulation system of the single air-cooled evaporator; in the circuit, the air-cooled evaporator is used as the only heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, so that the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator is ensured to be used as a heat accumulator to store heat for users to use in other periods.
The phase transition temperature range of the invention is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is formed by compounding paraffin wax and expanded graphite according to the proportion of 75-90:1; the compounding method is that the heated and melted paraffin wax is added into the expanded graphite and fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressing the photovoltaic cell panel into a required plate shape, and adhering the photovoltaic cell panel back through a heat-conducting silica gel layer. The composite phase change material layer has simple preparation process and good heat exchange effect, can be applied to various outdoor temperatures and has great phase change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the heat exchange capacity with the refrigerant is improved through the composite process with the expanded graphite, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a block diagram of a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heating combined supply system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the photovoltaic heat accumulating evaporator 5 of fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal cross-sectional structure of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3. The invention discloses a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system, which comprises two liquid working medium circulation loops formed by the following components: the device comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6, an air cooling evaporator 7 and a second one-way valve 8;
the outlet of the compressor 1 is sequentially connected with a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6 and an air-cooled evaporator 7 in series through pipelines, and finally is connected to the inlet of the compressor 1;
the other passage of the three-way valve 4 is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator 7 through a second single valve 8;
the three-way valve 4 is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the passage A and the passage B of the three-way valve 4 are opened and closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 firstly enters the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 and then sequentially enters each downstream component, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the A passage and the B passage of the three-way valve 4 are closed and the B passage is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 passes through the second single valve 8 and directly enters the air-cooled evaporator 7 and then sequentially enters each downstream component, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated.
The photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 comprises a heat exchange coil 66 for introducing liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel 11, a heat conduction silica gel layer 22 which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer 33, a heat preservation layer 44 and a back plate 55 which are sequentially attached together; the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is coated with heat conducting silica gel and then buried in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The phase transition temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33 ranges from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃; the phase change material layer is formed by compounding paraffin wax and expanded graphite according to the proportion of 75-90:1; the compounding method is that the heated and melted paraffin wax is added into the expanded graphite and fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressed into the required plate shape and adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 through the heat-conducting silica gel layer 22. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
Other phase change materials capable of realizing the phase change temperature range of 20-35 ℃ can be adopted according to specific application requirements; such as sodium sulfate decahydrate and expanded graphite or diatomite according to the proportion (or other proportions), and the like.
The photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 and the condenser 2 are internally provided with temperature sensors; the sensor arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 is used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 for generating electricity and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33; the temperature sensor built in the condenser 2 is used to detect the water temperature.
The condenser 2 comprises a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet. The liquid working medium is a refrigerant (working medium R22).
The heat-insulating layer 44 is heat-insulating cotton; the back plate 55 is a metal back plate.
The photovoltaic cell panel 11 is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with a storage battery unit 9.
The three-way valve 4 is an L-shaped three-way valve. The compressor 1 compresses and heats the refrigerant to a superheated steam state with high temperature and high pressure, and provides power for the heat pump cycle.
The condenser 2 is a 150L water tank, a metal coil pipe (a heat exchange copper pipe) is arranged in the water tank, high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the metal coil pipe exchanges heat with water in the water tank, the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser, and meanwhile, the water in the water tank can be heated to domestic hot water for heating or directly used.
The expansion valve 3 throttles and reduces the pressure of the condensed refrigerant and then sends the refrigerant into a subsequent working medium evaporation stage.
The three-way valve 4 (L-type) is used as a channel selection switch to determine a circulation loop of the refrigerant; in the first loop, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 absorbs short waves in solar irradiation to generate electricity, and absorbs and stores long wave energy in solar irradiation as a heat collector, so that energy can be provided for evaporation of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant can reach an overheat state after fully exchanging heat.
The air-cooled evaporator 7 is an auxiliary heat exchanger, and absorbs energy from the environment in the sunshine shortage or overcast and rainy weather to make up for the shortage of heat absorption capacity of the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, so that the normal operation of the heat pump system is ensured. In the second circuit, the air-cooled evaporator 7 serves as the sole heat exchanger to energize the refrigerant evaporation.
The system converts solar energy into electric energy through a photovoltaic effect; the photovoltaic cell panel 11 (polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel) is a photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, and can directly convert sunlight into electric energy to generate current.
The storage battery unit 9 comprises a storage battery pack and a charge-discharge controller, can store electric energy generated by the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel, discharges the electric energy when a user needs to use the electric energy, and can decide to add an inverter, an alternating current power distribution cabinet and the like according to the user needs.
As described in fig. 2. The photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 is a system composed of a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel and a phase change material, wherein in solar irradiation received by the system, a short wave part is converted into current output by the photovoltaic cell, and a long wave part is absorbed by the phase change material and then used as a heat source of the heat pump evaporator.
The photovoltaic cell panel utilizes the photovoltaic effect to generate electricity and simultaneously serves as a heat collector to absorb the energy of sunlight.
The heat-conducting silica gel 22 has a high heat conductivity coefficient, and is used as an adhesive to connect the composite phase-change material layer 33 and the photovoltaic cell panel 11, so that the energy received by the photovoltaic cell panel 11 is conducted into the composite phase-change material layer 33.
The composite phase change material layer 33 can store energy by utilizing the latent heat of phase change of the composite phase change material layer, and can also conduct heat to the heat exchange coil 66.
The insulating layer 44 has an adiabatic effect and can greatly reduce the heat loss stored in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The back plate 55 is used as an outer frame to wrap the inner composite phase change material layer 33; the refrigerant runs in the heat exchange coil 66, and the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is embedded into the composite phase change material layer 33 through heat conduction silica gel, so that the heat exchange coil 66 and the refrigerant (working medium R22) are heat exchange media.
As described above; the phase transition temperature of the composite phase transition material layer 33 ranges from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃; the phase change material layer is formed by compounding paraffin wax and expanded graphite according to the proportion of 75-90:1; the compounding method is that paraffin (RT 28) after heating and melting is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet press to form a square block with the length of 10cm multiplied by 3cm, and is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel by a heat conducting silica gel layer; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, can be applied to various outdoor temperatures and has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, a high heat conductivity coefficient is obtained by compounding the composite phase-change material with expanded graphite, so that the heat exchange capacity with a refrigerant can be increased. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
The temperature sensor can be arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, the accuracy of data acquisition is improved, the temperature sensor can be arranged between the back of the photovoltaic panel and the composite phase change material layer and used for detecting the working temperature of power generation of the photovoltaic panel and the heat storage temperature of the phase change material so as to provide a reference for the proper starting time of the heat pump.
A temperature sensor may be provided in the condenser for detecting the temperature of the water heated in the condenser, providing temperature reference data for use in a desired application.
When solar irradiation reaches a certain intensity in daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide electric energy for a user, the composite phase change material layer absorbs heat energy to relieve the temperature rising rate of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heating uniformity of the photovoltaic cell panel is improved, when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is higher than 50 ℃, a first loop circulation mode can be started to cool the photovoltaic cell panel, and the photovoltaic module is prevented from generating thermal damage.
When a user has the heating or hot water demand in daytime, the first loop circulation mode can be started by rotating the three-way valve, heat energy received by the photovoltaic cell panel is utilized for providing energy for evaporation of the refrigerant, and the performance of the heat pump is improved.
When a user has the requirement of heating or using hot water at night, the first loop circulation mode can be started, and the composite phase change material layer in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator emits energy stored in daytime, so that energy can be provided for the evaporation of the refrigerant.
When the day-night temperature difference is large, if water demand is needed in the daytime, the second loop circulation mode can be selectively started through the three-way valve, the performance of the heat pump can be guaranteed only by using the air cooling evaporator when the temperature is high, meanwhile, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator stores heat to solar energy, and when the temperature is low at night, the first loop circulation mode can be started again, and the heat storage in the daytime is used for heating the refrigerant so as to improve the performance of the heat pump; the whole system mutually complements energy to serve the heating and electricity utilization of users.
The invention relates to an operation method of a heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system, which comprises the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening the A passage and closing the B passage of the three-way valve 4; the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator 5 receives solar radiation, a short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by the photovoltaic panel 11 and is stored in the storage battery unit 9, a long wave part is absorbed and stored by the composite phase change material layer 33, the temperature of the refrigerant in the heat exchange coil 66 is raised, the refrigerant is secondarily raised by the air cooling evaporator 7 serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters the compressor 1, the compressor 1 compresses and heats the refrigerant subjected to secondary temperature rise to a superheated steam state and then sends the refrigerant into a metal coil of the condenser 2, heat exchange is carried out on water in the condenser 2, the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser 2, meanwhile, the water in the condenser 2 is heated and is used as domestic hot water for heating or is directly used, the cooled steam is throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve 3 and then circulates downwards in sequence, and the cooled steam enters the subsequent evaporation stage for reciprocating circulation; the first loop circulation is suitable for being used in the condition of insufficient sunlight or overcast and rainy weather, and absorbs energy from the environment in the condition of insufficient sunlight or overcast and rainy weather so as to make up for the defect of heat absorption of the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, and further the heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat combined supply system is normally operated.
When solar irradiation reaches a certain intensity in daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide electric energy for a user, the composite phase change material layer absorbs heat energy to relieve the temperature rising rate of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heating uniformity of the photovoltaic cell panel is improved, and when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is higher than 50 ℃, the first loop can be started to circularly operate to cool the photovoltaic cell panel, so that the photovoltaic module is prevented from generating thermal damage.
A second loop circulation operation step; closing an A passage and opening a B passage of the three-way valve 4; only the air-cooled evaporator 7 serves as a heat exchanger to provide energy for refrigerant evaporation, and the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 serves as a heat accumulator to store or convert heat; for use by the user during other periods.
The invention is further illustrated by the following two specific examples.
Example 1:
in the southern area of China, taking a market as an example, the average temperature of the whole year is 20-22 ℃ and the average temperature in summer is higher than 30 ℃, so that paraffin with the phase transition temperature of 28 ℃ and expanded graphite are selected to be compounded to prepare the phase-change material; the compounding method is that the heated and melted paraffin wax is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet press to form a square block, and is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel by heat conducting silica gel; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, the phase-change range is 20-36 ℃, the composite phase-change material can be applied to outdoor temperature, and has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the composite phase-change material can obtain high heat conductivity coefficient through compositing with expanded graphite, so that the heat exchange capacity between the composite phase-change material and working media can be improved.
Under the condition that the heat pump is not started, the phase change material can store heat energy in solar irradiation, so that the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell panel is controlled; in the operation process of the first loop, heat energy in solar irradiation can be conducted into the heat exchange coil through the phase change material for refrigerant evaporation, so that the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is increased, the performance of the heat pump is further improved, meanwhile, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is cooled by the refrigerant, and the photoelectric efficiency is greatly improved.
Example 2:
in the northern area of China, taking a certain city as an example, the annual average temperature is 10-12 ℃, the winter temperature is low, and the pure heat pump water heater can not meet the heating requirement, so that the composite phase change material with the phase change temperature of 20 ℃ can be selected;
in the embodiment, the composite phase change material is formed by compositing paraffin wax with the phase change temperature of 20 ℃ and expanded graphite, and the composite method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite and fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet press to form a square block, and is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel by heat conducting silica gel; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, the phase-change range is 12-28 ℃, the composite phase-change material can be applied to outdoor temperature, and has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the composite phase-change material can obtain high heat conductivity coefficient through compositing with expanded graphite, so that the heat exchange capacity with a refrigerant can be increased.
The first loop is operated under the condition of low temperature in winter, and enough temperature gradient exists between the phase change material and the working medium, so that heat energy in solar irradiation can be utilized to effectively provide a heat source for evaporation of the refrigerant in the heat pump, normal operation of the heat pump is ensured, and the problem of frosting of the heat pump can be solved through energy storage of the phase change material.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The invention combines the phase change heat storage material with high heat conduction, effectively solves the problem of unstable sunlight concentration, further improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator, can effectively cool the photovoltaic panel, improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and protects the photovoltaic module.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principles of the invention should be made and equivalents should be construed as falling within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The heat accumulating type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heating combined supply system is characterized by comprising two liquid working medium circulation loops formed by the following components: the device comprises a compressor (1), a condenser (2), an expansion valve (3), a three-way valve (4), a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5), a first one-way valve (6), an air-cooled evaporator (7) and a second one-way valve (8);
the outlet of the compressor (1) is sequentially connected with a condenser (2), an expansion valve (3), a three-way valve (4), a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5), a first one-way valve (6) and an air cooling evaporator (7) in series through pipelines, and finally the inlet of the compressor (1) is connected;
the other passage of the three-way valve (4) is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator (7) through a second single valve (8);
the three-way valve (4) is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the A passage and the B passage of the three-way valve (4) are opened and closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve (3) firstly enters the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator (5) and then sequentially enters each downstream part, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the A passage and the B passage of the three-way valve (4) are closed and the B passage is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve (3) directly enters the air-cooled evaporator (7) through the second single valve (8) and then sequentially enters all downstream parts, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated;
the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) comprises a heat exchange coil (66) for introducing liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel (11), a heat conduction silica gel layer (22) which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer (33), an insulation layer (44) and a back plate (55) which are sequentially attached together; the outer wall of the heat exchange coil (66) is coated with heat conducting silica gel and then buried in the composite phase change material layer (33);
the phase transition temperature of the composite phase transition material layer (33) ranges from 20 ℃ to 35 ℃; the phase change material layer is formed by compounding paraffin wax and expanded graphite according to the proportion of 75-90:1; the compounding method is that the heated and melted paraffin wax is added into the expanded graphite and fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressing into a required plate shape, and adhering the plate shape to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel (11) through a heat-conducting silica gel layer (22);
the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator (5) and the condenser (2) are internally provided with temperature sensors; the sensor arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) is used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel (11) for generating electricity and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer (33); a temperature sensor arranged in the condenser (2) is used for detecting the water temperature;
the photovoltaic cell panel (11) is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with a storage battery unit (9);
the storage battery unit (9) comprises a storage battery pack and a charge-discharge controller, and is used for storing electric energy generated by the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel and discharging when a user needs to use the storage battery pack.
2. The regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the condenser (2) comprises a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet.
3. The regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the liquid working medium is a refrigerant.
4. The regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the heat preservation layer (44) is heat preservation cotton; the back plate (55) is a metal back plate.
5. The regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat cogeneration system of claim 1, wherein: the three-way valve (4) is an L-shaped three-way valve.
6. A method for operating a regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat co-generation system, which is applied to the regenerative direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electric heat co-generation system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening an A passage and closing a B passage of the three-way valve (4); the photovoltaic heat accumulation evaporator (5) receives solar radiation, a short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by the photovoltaic cell panel (11) and stored in the storage battery unit (9), a long wave part is absorbed and stored by the composite phase change material layer (33) to heat the refrigerant in the heat exchange coil (66), the refrigerant is secondarily heated by the air cooling evaporator (7) serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters the compressor (1), the compressor (1) compresses and heats the refrigerant secondarily heated to a superheated steam state, the refrigerant is sent into the metal coil of the condenser (2) and exchanges heat with water in the condenser (2), the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser (2), meanwhile, the water in the condenser (2) is heated to serve as domestic hot water for heating or direct use, and the cooled steam is throttled and depressurized by the expansion valve (3) and then circulates downwards in sequence to enter a subsequent evaporation stage for reciprocating circulation;
a second loop circulation operation step; closing an A passage and opening a B passage of the three-way valve (4); only the air-cooled evaporator (7) serves as a heat exchanger to supply energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, and the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) only serves as a heat accumulator to store or convert heat.
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| CN113103841B (en) * | 2021-04-26 | 2022-03-29 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Double-heat-source heat pump system suitable for electric automobile and operation method thereof |
| CN113701538B (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2024-06-11 | 三峡大学 | Integrated solar heat storage device and operation method |
| ES2902039A1 (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-24 | Vano Josep Francesc Beneyto | New Photovoltaic Aerotermia. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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