CN110966801A - Heat storage type direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system and method - Google Patents
Heat storage type direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system and method Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/06—Heat pumps characterised by the source of low potential heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B27/00—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy
- F25B27/002—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy
- F25B27/005—Machines, plants or systems, using particular sources of energy using solar energy in compression type systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/40—Thermal components
- H02S40/42—Cooling means
- H02S40/425—Cooling means using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
- Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system and a method; the system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, a first one-way valve, an air-cooled evaporator and a second one-way valve; the outlet of the compressor is sequentially connected with a condenser, an expansion valve, a three-way valve, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, a first one-way valve and an air-cooled evaporator in series through pipelines, and is finally connected to the inlet of the compressor; the other passage of the three-way valve is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator through a second single-phase valve; the three-way valve is used as a selection switch of the two liquid working medium circulation loops; the solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent by the system, the photovoltaic module is protected from being damaged due to overhigh working temperature through selection of the two loops, the performance of the heat pump is improved, and domestic hot water and domestic electricity can be provided at the same time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of solar heating, in particular to a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system and method.
Background
The solar energy resource is extremely common, pollution-free and inexhaustible, and meets the current requirement of world environmental protection. The traditional solar photo-thermal utilization technology is popularized in China, but the development of the technology is restricted due to the problems of low energy density, non-uniformity, intermittence and the like of solar energy. In the application of solar photovoltaic power generation, too high temperature of the components may reduce the power generation efficiency.
The direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system is one of solar photo-thermal photoelectric comprehensive utilization technologies, a heat pump cycle is used as a heat transmission path of the system, a photovoltaic cell and a heat pump evaporator are combined into a whole, heat obtained by photo-thermal conversion is firstly absorbed by an evaporation process of a working medium, and high-temperature output is carried out at a condensation end through the heat pump cycle. On the one hand, the terminal temperature of the output of the photothermal conversion heat can be ensured, and on the other hand, the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell is lower and the photoelectric efficiency is also improved under the evaporative cooling of the working medium of the heat pump.
The phase change heat storage material with high heat conductivity is combined, the problem that sunlight is not concentrated and unstable can be effectively solved, and the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator are further improved. Therefore, the simple and efficient combined heat and power photovoltaic-solar heat pump system capable of fully utilizing solar energy resources is expected to be designed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system and a method; the technical problems of unstable solar energy factors of a heat pump part in a direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system and damage caused by overhigh working temperature are solved; the invention aims to make the most of solar energy resources to improve the solar energy utilization efficiency and the performance of a heat pump.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a heat storage type direct expansion type photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat combined supply system comprises two liquid working medium circulation loops formed by the following components: the system comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6, an air cooling evaporator 7 and a second one-way valve 8;
an outlet of the compressor 1 is sequentially connected with a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6 and an air-cooled evaporator 7 in series through pipelines, and is finally connected to an inlet of the compressor 1;
the other passage of the three-way valve 4 is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator 7 through a second single-way valve 8;
the three-way valve 4 is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the path A of the three-way valve 4 is opened and the path B is closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 enters the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 and then sequentially enters each component at the downstream, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the passage A of the three-way valve 4 is closed and the passage B is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 directly enters the air-cooled evaporator 7 through the second single valve 8 and then sequentially enters each part at the downstream, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated.
The photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 comprises a heat exchange coil 66 for introducing a liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel 11, a heat conduction silica gel layer 22 which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer 33, a heat insulation layer 44 and a back plate 55 which are sequentially attached together; after the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is coated with the heat-conducting silica gel, the heat exchange coil is embedded in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The phase change temperature range of the composite phase change material layer 33 is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is mainly formed by compounding paraffin and expanded graphite in a ratio of 75-90: 1; the compounding method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressing into a required plate shape, and adhering the plate shape to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 through the heat-conducting silica gel layer 22. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
Temperature sensors are arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 and the condenser 2; the sensors arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 are used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 for power generation and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33; a temperature sensor built in the condenser 2 detects the water temperature.
The condenser 2 includes a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet.
The liquid working medium is a refrigerant.
The heat-insulating layer 44 is made of heat-insulating cotton; the back plate 55 is a metal back plate.
The photovoltaic cell panel 11 is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the storage battery unit 9.
The three-way valve 4 is an L-shaped three-way valve.
The invention relates to an operation method of a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system, which comprises the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening a passage A and closing a passage B of the three-way valve 4; the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 receives solar radiation, the short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by the photovoltaic cell panel 11 to be stored in the storage battery unit 9, the long wave part is absorbed and stored through the composite phase change material layer 33 to heat the refrigerant in the heat exchange coil 66, the refrigerant is heated secondarily by the air cooling evaporator 7 serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters the compressor 1, the refrigerant after secondary heating is compressed and heated to an overheated steam state by the compressor 1 and then is sent into the metal coil of the condenser 2, heat exchange is carried out on water in the condenser 2, the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser 2, meanwhile, the water in the condenser 2 is heated and serves as domestic hot water for heating or direct use, and the cooled steam is decompressed and throttled by the expansion valve 3 and then sequentially circulates downwards to enter a subsequent evaporation stage for reciprocating circulation; the first loop not only improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator, but also effectively cools the photovoltaic cell panel, improves the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and protects the photovoltaic module.
A second loop circulation operation step; closing the path A and opening the path B of the three-way valve 4; only the wind-cooled evaporator 7 serves as a heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, and at the moment, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 serves as a heat storage device to store or convert heat.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:
the invention has two circulation operation loops, which can be freely switched according to the environmental conditions; solar energy is utilized to the maximum extent, the photovoltaic module is protected from being damaged due to overhigh working temperature, the performance of the heat pump is improved, and domestic hot water and domestic electricity can be provided at the same time.
According to the invention, the first loop operates in a circulating manner, the photovoltaic cell panel transfers sunlight heat to the composite phase change material layer, and the composite phase change material layer transfers heat to the refrigerant to heat the refrigerant; the air-cooled evaporator is an auxiliary heat exchanger, and absorbs energy from the environment in insufficient sunlight or rainy weather to make up the deficiency of the heat absorption capacity of the photovoltaic evaporator, so that the normal operation of the heat pump system is ensured. When solar irradiation reaches certain intensity daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide electric energy for the user, the composite phase change material layer absorbs heat energy and can relieve the heating rate of the photovoltaic cell panel, the heating uniformity of the photovoltaic cell panel is improved, and when the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is higher than 50 ℃, the first loop circulating operation can be started to cool the photovoltaic cell panel, so that the photovoltaic module is prevented from generating heat damage.
The second loop circularly operates and is used as a heat pump circulating system of the single air-cooled evaporator; in the circuit, the air-cooled evaporator serves as the only heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, so that the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator can be used as a heat accumulator to store heat for users to use in other periods.
The phase transition temperature range of the invention is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is mainly formed by compounding paraffin and expanded graphite in a ratio of 75-90: 1; the compounding method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; pressing the mixture into a required plate shape, and adhering the plate shape to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel through a heat-conducting silica gel layer. The composite phase change material layer is simple in preparation process and good in heat exchange effect, can be applied to various outdoor temperatures, has great phase change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, through the composite process with the expanded graphite, the heat exchange capacity between the composite phase change material layer and a refrigerant is improved, so that the heat conductivity coefficient is greatly improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural block diagram of a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 in fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the internal cross-section structure of fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3. The invention discloses a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat combined supply system, which comprises two liquid working medium circulation loops formed by the following components: the system comprises a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6, an air cooling evaporator 7 and a second one-way valve 8;
an outlet of the compressor 1 is sequentially connected with a condenser 2, an expansion valve 3, a three-way valve 4, a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, a first one-way valve 6 and an air-cooled evaporator 7 in series through pipelines, and is finally connected to an inlet of the compressor 1;
the other passage of the three-way valve 4 is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator 7 through a second single-way valve 8;
the three-way valve 4 is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the path A of the three-way valve 4 is opened and the path B is closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 enters the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 and then sequentially enters each component at the downstream, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the passage A of the three-way valve 4 is closed and the passage B is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve 3 directly enters the air-cooled evaporator 7 through the second single valve 8 and then sequentially enters each part at the downstream, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated.
The photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 comprises a heat exchange coil 66 for introducing a liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel 11, a heat conduction silica gel layer 22 which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer 33, a heat insulation layer 44 and a back plate 55 which are sequentially attached together; after the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is coated with the heat-conducting silica gel, the heat exchange coil is embedded in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The phase change temperature range of the composite phase change material layer 33 is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is mainly formed by compounding paraffin and expanded graphite in a ratio of 75-90: 1; the compounding method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressing into a required plate shape, and adhering the plate shape to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 through the heat-conducting silica gel layer 22. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
Other phase-change materials capable of realizing the phase-change temperature range of 20-35 ℃ can be adopted according to the specific application requirements; for example, the sodium sulfate decahydrate and the expanded graphite or the diatomite are prepared in a compounding manner according to the proportion (or other proportions).
Temperature sensors are arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 and the condenser 2; the sensors arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 are used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel 11 for power generation and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer 33; a temperature sensor built in the condenser 2 detects the water temperature.
The condenser 2 includes a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet. The liquid working medium is a refrigerant (working medium R22).
The heat-insulating layer 44 is made of heat-insulating cotton; the back plate 55 is a metal back plate.
The photovoltaic cell panel 11 is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with the storage battery unit 9.
The three-way valve 4 is an L-shaped three-way valve. The compressor 1 compresses and heats the refrigerant to a high-temperature and high-pressure superheated steam state to provide power for the heat pump cycle.
The condenser 2 is a 150L water tank, a metal coil (heat exchange copper pipe) is arranged in the water tank, high-temperature and high-pressure steam in the metal coil exchanges heat with water in the water tank, a refrigerant is cooled in the condenser, and meanwhile, the water in the water tank can be heated to be domestic hot water for heating or direct use.
The expansion valve 3 throttles and reduces the pressure of the condensed refrigerant and then sends the refrigerant to the subsequent working medium evaporation stage.
The three-way valve 4(L type) is used as a channel selection switch and determines a circulation loop of the refrigerant; in the first loop, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 absorbs short wave in solar radiation to generate electricity on one hand, and absorbs and stores long wave energy in the solar radiation as a heat collector to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, so that the refrigerant can reach an overheat state after sufficient heat exchange.
The air-cooled evaporator 7 is an auxiliary heat exchanger, and absorbs energy from the environment in insufficient sunlight or rainy weather to make up the deficiency of the heat absorption capacity of the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, so that the normal operation of the heat pump system is ensured. In circuit two, the air-cooled evaporator 7 serves as the sole heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant.
The system converts solar energy into electric energy through a photovoltaic effect; the photovoltaic cell panel 11 (polysilicon photovoltaic cell panel) is a photovoltaic module in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, and can directly convert sunlight into electric energy to generate current.
The storage battery unit 9 comprises a storage battery pack and a charge-discharge controller, can store electric energy generated by the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel, discharges when a user needs to use the storage battery pack, and can determine to add an inverter, an alternating current power distribution cabinet and the like according to the user requirements.
As illustrated in fig. 2. The photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 is a system composed of a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel and a phase-change material, in solar irradiation received by the system, the short wave part is converted into current by a photovoltaic cell to be output, and the long wave part is absorbed by the phase-change material to be used as a heat source of the heat pump evaporator.
The photovoltaic cell panel generates electricity by utilizing the photovoltaic effect and is also used as a heat collector to absorb the energy of sunlight.
The heat conductive silicone 22 has a high heat conductivity coefficient and serves as an adhesive to connect the composite phase change material layer 33 and the photovoltaic cell panel 11, so that energy received by the photovoltaic cell panel 11 is transmitted to the composite phase change material layer 33.
The composite phase change material layer 33 can store energy by its latent heat of phase change and can also conduct heat to the heat exchange coil 66.
The insulating layer 44 has a heat insulating effect, and can greatly reduce the loss of heat stored in the composite phase change material layer 33.
The back plate 55 is used as an outer frame to wrap the inner composite phase change material layer 33; the refrigerant flows in the heat exchange coil 66, and the outer wall of the heat exchange coil 66 is embedded in the composite phase change material layer 33 through the heat-conducting silica gel, which is a heat exchange medium between the heat exchange coil 66 and the refrigerant (working medium R22).
As described above; the phase change temperature range of the composite phase change material layer 33 is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is mainly formed by compounding paraffin and expanded graphite in a ratio of 75-90: 1; the compounding method is that the paraffin (RT28) after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet press to form a square block of 10cm multiplied by 3cm, and then the square block is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel through a heat conduction silica gel layer; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, namely can be applied to various outdoor temperatures and has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the composite phase-change material is compounded with expanded graphite to obtain high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat exchange capacity between the composite phase-change material and a refrigerant can be increased. The specific phase transition temperature can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of different areas.
The temperature sensor can be arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator, accuracy of data acquisition is improved, and the temperature sensor can be arranged between the back of the photovoltaic cell panel and the composite phase change material layer and used for detecting the working temperature of power generation of the photovoltaic cell panel and the heat storage temperature of the phase change material so as to provide reference basis for starting the heat pump for proper time.
A temperature sensor may be provided in the condenser for sensing the temperature of the water heated in the condenser to provide temperature reference data for use in demand.
When solar irradiation reaches certain intensity daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide the electric energy for the user, and the rate that photovoltaic cell board heaied up can be alleviated to the heat energy that absorbs of composite phase change material layer, and improves the homogeneity that photovoltaic cell board was heated, when photovoltaic cell board's temperature was higher than 50 ℃, can open first loop circulation mode, lower the temperature to photovoltaic cell board, prevent that photovoltaic module from producing the heat damage.
When a user has a heating or hot water demand in the daytime, the first loop circulation mode can be started by rotating the three-way valve, the heat energy received by the photovoltaic cell panel is utilized to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, and the performance of the heat pump is improved.
When a user has a demand for heating or hot water at night, the first loop circulation mode can be opened, and the composite phase change material layer in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator releases energy stored in the daytime, so that energy can be provided for the evaporation of the refrigerant.
When the temperature difference is large day and night, if a water demand is needed in the day, the second loop circulation mode can be selectively opened through the three-way valve, the performance of the heat pump can be guaranteed only by using the air-cooled evaporator when the temperature is high, meanwhile, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator stores heat for solar energy, the first loop circulation mode can be opened again when the temperature is low at night, and the refrigerant is heated by using the stored heat in the day to improve the performance of the heat pump; the whole system mutually complements energy to serve for heating and power utilization of users.
The invention relates to an operation method of a heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system, which comprises the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening a passage A and closing a passage B of the three-way valve 4; the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 receives solar radiation, the short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by the photovoltaic cell panel 11 to be stored in the storage battery unit 9, the long wave part is absorbed and stored through the composite phase change material layer 33 to heat the refrigerant in the heat exchange coil 66, the refrigerant is heated secondarily by the air cooling evaporator 7 serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters the compressor 1, the refrigerant after secondary heating is compressed and heated to an overheated steam state by the compressor 1 and then is sent into the metal coil of the condenser 2, heat exchange is carried out on water in the condenser 2, the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser 2, meanwhile, the water in the condenser 2 is heated and serves as domestic hot water for heating or direct use, the cooled steam is reduced in pressure by the expansion valve 3 and throttled and then sequentially circulates downwards, and the steam enters a subsequent evaporation stage to and fro; the first loop circulation is suitable for being used in the weather of insufficient sunshine or rainy days, and absorbs energy from the environment in the weather of insufficient sunshine or rainy days to make up the deficiency of heat absorption of the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5, so that the heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump electricity and heat cogeneration system can be normally operated.
When solar irradiation reaches certain intensity daytime, the photovoltaic power generation system can provide the electric energy for the user, and the rate that photovoltaic cell board heaies up can be alleviated to the heat energy that absorbs of composite phase change material layer, and improves the homogeneity that photovoltaic cell board was heated, when photovoltaic cell board's temperature was higher than 50 ℃, can open first loop circulation and move and cool down photovoltaic cell board, prevents that photovoltaic module from producing the heat damage.
A second loop circulation operation step; closing the path A and opening the path B of the three-way valve 4; only the wind-cooled evaporator 7 serves as a heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, and at the moment, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator 5 serves as a heat accumulator to store or convert heat; for use by the user at other times.
The invention is further illustrated by the following two specific examples.
Example 1:
in the south region of China, taking a certain market as an example, the annual average temperature is 20-22 ℃, and the summer average temperature is higher than 30 ℃, so that paraffin with the phase transition temperature of 28 ℃ is selected to be compounded with expanded graphite to prepare the phase transition material; the compounding method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet machine to form a square block and is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel through heat-conducting silicon glue; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, the phase-change range is 20-36 ℃, the composite phase-change material can be applied to outdoor temperature, the composite phase-change material has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the composite phase-change material is compounded with expanded graphite to obtain high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat exchange capacity between the composite phase-change material and a working medium can be improved.
Under the condition of not starting the heat pump, the phase-change material can store heat energy in solar irradiation so as to control the temperature rise of the photovoltaic cell panel; in the operation process of the first loop, heat energy in solar irradiation can be conducted to the heat exchange coil through the phase-change material to be used for evaporating the refrigerant, the evaporation temperature of the refrigerant is increased, the performance of the heat pump is improved, meanwhile, the temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel is cooled by the refrigerant, and the photoelectric efficiency is greatly improved.
Example 2:
in the northern region of China, taking a certain market as an example, the annual average temperature is 10-12 ℃, the temperature in winter is low, and a pure heat pump water heater cannot meet the heating requirement, so that the invention can select a composite phase-change material with the phase-change temperature of 20 ℃;
in the embodiment, the composite phase-change material is formed by compounding paraffin with the phase-change temperature of 20 ℃ and expanded graphite, and the compounding method is that the paraffin after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; the composite phase change material is pressed by a tablet machine to form a square block and is adhered to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel through heat-conducting silicon glue; the composite phase-change material formed by pressing has a phase-change temperature platform of paraffin, the phase-change range is 12-28 ℃, the composite phase-change material can be applied to outdoor temperature, the composite phase-change material has great phase-change heat storage capacity, and meanwhile, the composite phase-change material is compounded with expanded graphite to obtain high heat conductivity coefficient, so that the heat exchange capacity between the composite phase-change material and a refrigerant can be improved.
The first loop is operated under the condition of low temperature in winter, and the phase-change material and the working medium have enough temperature gradient, so that heat energy in solar irradiation can be utilized to effectively provide a heat source for the evaporation of the refrigerant in the heat pump, the normal operation of the heat pump is ensured, and the problem of frosting of the heat pump can be solved through the energy storage of the phase-change material.
As described above, the present invention can be preferably realized. The invention combines the phase-change heat storage material with high heat conductivity, effectively solves the problem of unstable unconcentration of sunlight, further improves the comprehensive utilization efficiency of solar energy and the heat collection efficiency of the photovoltaic evaporator, and can effectively cool the photovoltaic plate, improve the photovoltaic power generation efficiency and protect the photovoltaic module.
The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and they are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a heat accumulation type directly expands formula photovoltaic-solar thermal energy pump electricity and heat allies oneself with confession system, its characterized in that includes two liquid working medium circulation circuit that following each part constitutes: the system comprises a compressor (1), a condenser (2), an expansion valve (3), a three-way valve (4), a photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5), a first one-way valve (6), an air-cooled evaporator (7) and a second one-way valve (8);
an outlet of the compressor (1) is sequentially connected with the condenser (2), the expansion valve (3), the three-way valve (4), the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5), the first one-way valve (6) and the air-cooled evaporator (7) in series through pipelines, and finally connected to an inlet of the compressor (1);
the other passage of the three-way valve (4) is directly connected with an inlet pipeline of the air-cooled evaporator (7) through a second single-way valve (8);
the three-way valve (4) is used as a selection switch of two liquid working medium circulation loops;
when the A passage of the three-way valve (4) is opened and the B passage is closed, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve (3) firstly enters the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) and then sequentially enters each component at the downstream, and at the moment, the first loop is communicated;
when the A passage of the three-way valve (4) is closed and the B passage is opened, the liquid working medium from the expansion valve (3) directly enters the air-cooled evaporator (7) through the second single valve (8) and then sequentially enters each component at the downstream, and at the moment, the second loop is communicated.
2. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 1, wherein: the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) comprises a heat exchange coil (66) for introducing a liquid working medium, a photovoltaic cell panel (11), a heat conduction silica gel layer (22) which is also used as an adhesive, a composite phase change material layer (33), a heat insulation layer (44) and a back plate (55) which are sequentially attached together; after the outer wall of the heat exchange coil (66) is coated with heat-conducting silica gel, the heat exchange coil is embedded in the composite phase change material layer (33).
3. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 2, wherein: the phase change temperature range of the composite phase change material layer (33) is 20-35 ℃; the phase change material layer is mainly formed by compounding paraffin and expanded graphite in a ratio of 75-90: 1; the compounding method is that the paraffin wax after being heated and melted is added into the expanded graphite to be fully stirred until the paraffin wax is fully absorbed by the expanded graphite; then pressing into a needed plate shape, and adhering the plate shape to the back of the photovoltaic cell panel (11) through a heat-conducting silica gel layer (22).
4. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 3, wherein: temperature sensors are arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) and the condenser (2); a sensor arranged in the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) is used for detecting the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell panel (11) for power generation and the heat storage temperature of the composite phase change material layer (33); a temperature sensor built in the condenser (2) is used for detecting the water temperature.
5. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 4, wherein: the condenser (2) comprises a cold water inlet and a hot water outlet.
6. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 5, wherein: the liquid working medium is a refrigerant.
7. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 6, wherein: the heat-insulating layer (44) is made of heat-insulating cotton; the back plate (55) is a metal back plate.
8. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 7, wherein: the photovoltaic cell panel (11) is a polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel; the polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic cell panel is connected with a storage battery unit (9).
9. The heat storage type direct-expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system according to claim 8, wherein: the three-way valve (4) is an L-shaped three-way valve.
10. An operation method of the heat storage type direct expansion photovoltaic-solar heat pump combined heat and power system as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized by comprising the following steps:
a first loop circulation operation step; opening a channel A and closing a channel B of the three-way valve (4); the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) receives solar radiation, the short wave part of the solar radiation is converted into electric energy by a photovoltaic cell panel (11) and stored in a storage battery unit (9), the long wave part is absorbed and stored by a composite phase change material layer (33) to heat the refrigerant in a heat exchange coil (66), the refrigerant is heated secondarily by an air-cooled evaporator (7) serving as an auxiliary heat exchanger and then enters a compressor (1), the compressor (1) compresses the refrigerant after secondary heating to a superheated steam state and then sends the refrigerant into a metal coil of a condenser (2) to exchange heat with water in the condenser (2), the refrigerant is cooled in the condenser (2), meanwhile, water in the condenser (2) is heated and serves as domestic hot water for heating or direct use, and the cooled steam is throttled and depressurized by an expansion valve (3) and then sequentially circulates downwards, to enter the subsequent evaporation stage for reciprocating circulation;
a second loop circulation operation step; closing a path A and opening a path B of the three-way valve (4); only the wind-cooled evaporator (7) is used as a heat exchanger to provide energy for the evaporation of the refrigerant, and at the moment, the photovoltaic heat storage evaporator (5) is only used as a heat accumulator to store or convert heat.
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