CN110958954A - 运输工具玻璃板单元 - Google Patents
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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Abstract
运输工具玻璃板单元,其包括侧面的弯曲区域,所述弯曲区域在安装状态下布置在运输工具车身的尤其是竖立的柱附近,其中所述弯曲区域至少部分地是减少透射地染色的。染色的程度与弯曲的程度相关。
Description
本发明涉及根据权利要求1的前序部分所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,如尤其是将其制造为客车的挡风玻璃或后窗玻璃或者也制造为客车的玻璃天窗(Glasdach)单元。然而,本发明的应用不限于汽车工业,而是也可以将其用于水上运输工具和飞机,特别是在小飞机中。
这种类型的运输工具玻璃板单元长期以来是已知的,并且几十年来已经在客车和公共汽车和其它运输工具的批量生产中大量使用。也已知在用于客车(并且有时也在其它运输工具中)的挡风玻璃单元的上棱边处设置(vorzusehen)部分透明的着色或赋色,其在该区域中降低了玻璃板的透射能力(Transmissionsvermögen),以减少驾驶员和副驾驶员由于直接的阳光而引起的炫目。
在客车设计向"更圆"的、更有机的形状发展的过程中,多年来存在着运输工具玻璃板单元的一个趋势,其侧面的弯曲区域具有非常小的曲率半径和/或明显的曲率半径梯度。该趋势主要存在于挡风玻璃单元中,在那里通过将挡风玻璃延长到运输工具的传统的顶部和/或侧面区域中可以产生对于乘客而言全景状视觉印象。然而,目前该趋势也到达了后窗玻璃单元和玻璃天窗的设计,这里涉及玻璃天窗的与顶部横梁相邻的短的侧棱边。
特别是在挡风玻璃的情况中,但是在一定条件下也在后窗和玻璃天窗中,可能出现不希望的形成所谓的"双重图像"的效果。其是由于穿过玻璃板的光在玻璃表面处部分地被反射而产生的。除了由直接穿过玻璃板的光所引起的主图像之外,可以通过在内玻璃板表面和外玻璃板表面处的多重反射产生强度较弱且略微错位的另一图像。该效果尤其在夜间是明显的并且可能例如导致,迎面而来的运输工具的前灯被双重感知。该干扰效果在玻璃板的强弯曲或明显曲率半径梯度的区域中特别明显。尽管双重图像-由于在弯曲玻璃的情况下不可避免-在一定的界限内按照有关的ECE标准( ECE R 43 )是允许的,但是很大程度地避免它们是值得追求的,并且是发展目标。
在该区域中,除了双重图像之外也可能出现光学失真,这些光学失真干扰驾驶员(以及其余乘客)的感知,因为运输工具的周围环境被失真地感知到。特别是对于驾驶员,它们甚至构成安全风险,因为由于失真的感知使得驾驶员面临在一定的交通状况中错误反应或犯驾驶技术错误的危险。
因此,本发明的目的在于,提供一种运输工具玻璃板单元,其在强烈弯曲的侧面区域中也在很大程度上抑制了乘客感知中的双重图像和光学失真。
该目的通过具有权利要求1的特征的运输工具玻璃板单元得以实现。发明构思的适宜的改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的运输工具玻璃板单元包括侧面的弯曲区域,这些弯曲区域在安装状态下布置在运输工具车身的柱附近,尤其是竖立的柱附近。根据本发明,这些弯曲区域是至少部分地被降低透射地着色的。
如此布置和进行根据本发明的着色,使得双重图像在小的曲率半径和/或大的曲率半径梯度的区域中基本上被抑制。总透射的降低尤其对强度较弱的双重图像产生影响,其因此不再被感知或者仅以进一步降低的强度被感知。对于驾驶员或乘客而言,用这样的着色也产生对于图像内容的感知的明显改善,所述图像内容可能由于强烈的弯曲或大的曲率梯度是显著失真的。
在本发明意义上,不应将词语"着色的"理解为狭义上的显色(即,例如绿色或蓝色),而是通常理解为透射能力的降低(即,例如通过灰色赋色)和或从没有透射到100 %透射率的改变的、逐渐变化的着色。具体的颜色(或灰色色调)的实施方式在实践中将同样考虑安全方面以及设计预先规定或令人愉悦(Wohlfühl)方面。着色也可以被称为上色。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明意义上的侧面的弯曲区域具有相对强烈的弯曲,因此它们比平均玻璃板弯曲更强烈地弯曲。在侧面的弯曲区域中的曲率半径因此比整个玻璃板的平均曲率半径小。这些弯曲区域尤其比玻璃板的中央透明区域更强烈地弯曲。在本发明的一个有利的实施方案中,在根据本发明着色的弯曲区域中的曲率半径为小于300 mm,特别是小于200 mm,或者还更特别地小于100 mm。这里,在没有根据本发明的着色的情况下,不希望的双重图像和失真的效果将是最明显的并且是潜在最危险的,因此本发明在此带来了特别大的安全性-和舒适性收益。通常,如果仅一部分弯曲区域显著着色而让另一部分保持高度透明,以优化视野(特别是对于驾驶员而言),则在这种意义上也可以获得显著的优点。
干扰性的光学效果不仅出现在曲率绝对值高的情况下,而且也出现在沿着短的路段曲率强烈改变的情况下,即在强曲率梯度的情况下。在这些区域中,本发明也以特别有利的方式发挥其作用。因此,在本发明的另一实施方案中,在侧面的弯曲区域中出现至少10,优选至少15,特别优选至少20的曲率半径的梯度。该梯度作为以[mm]计的半径的改变除以以[mm]计的在玻璃板上的距离无单位地给出。
侧面的弯曲区域出现在运输工具车身的柱或支撑的附近或在运输工具车身的柱或支撑处。在本发明的意义上将此理解为是指,弯曲区域布置在玻璃板的一个或多个侧棱边附近,所述侧棱边在安装位置下朝向相关的柱或支撑,并且在此意义上被分配给相关的侧棱边。根据本发明的着色可直接从该侧棱边向窗玻璃中心的方向延伸,或者也可以与侧棱边具有距离,该距离尤其被对于运输工具玻璃板而言常见的周边的不透明的覆盖印刷物遮盖。
在一个从目前的角度看来特别重要的实施方式中,运输工具玻璃板单元是作为人员运输工具的前窗玻璃单元(挡风玻璃)来形成的,其中着色的弯曲区域是在安装状态下位于A柱附近的那些区域。根据本发明的着色在此优选布置在根据联合国欧洲经济委员会(UN/ECE)的法规第43条 (ECE-R43, „Einheitliche Bedingungen für die Genehmigungder Sicherheitsverglasungswerkstoffe und ihres Einbaus in Fahrzeuge“)的中央视野A之外。
在另一实施方式中,运输工具玻璃板单元是作为人员运输工具的后窗玻璃单元来形成的,其中着色的弯曲区域在安装状态下位于C柱附近。
在另一种实施方式中,所述运输工具玻璃板单元是作为人员运输工具的玻璃天窗单元来形成的,其中着色的弯曲区域至少设置在玻璃天窗单元的窄的侧棱边处或在其附近,该窄的侧棱边在安装状态下位于顶部的镶框支撑(Einfassungs-Strebe)或镶框框架(Einfassungs-Rahmen)的棱边处。
在未来的其它实施方式的新型设计解决方案中,运输工具玻璃板单元是作为人员运输工具的全景运输工具玻璃板(挡风玻璃到侧窗玻璃/挡风玻璃到天窗玻璃/天窗玻璃到后窗玻璃/后窗玻璃到侧窗玻璃)来形成的,其中,至少在天窗玻璃的狭窄的侧棱边处或在其附近设置一个着色的弯曲区域。
在此涉及弯曲区域,其在安装状态下布置在运输工具车身的尤其是竖立的柱附近。在运输工具玻璃板单元被实现为客车的前窗玻璃单元的情况下,弯曲区域尤其是与客车车身的A柱相邻的区域,在被实现为后窗玻璃单元的情况下是与C柱相邻的区域,和在被实现为玻璃天窗单元的情况下是玻璃天窗的前和/或后棱边区域和/或侧面区域。因此,如果在本发明的权利要求的定义中提及运输工具车身的"竖立的柱",则这严格地说不适用于被实现为玻璃天窗单元。如果在权利要求中提及"运输工具车身",则这应在最一般的意义上理解为是指陆地、水上或空中运输工具的外壳,即也理解为船-或飞机外壳。
根据本发明的弯曲区域的着色有利地如此来进行,以使得降低的透射能力为其余玻璃板面的透射能力的50 %-75 %,特别是55 %-68 %。对于该百分比透射能力的数据,将可见光范围上的平均透射作为基础。
根据本发明的着色可以均匀地布置在整个弯曲区域上。但是也可以设置赋色梯度或着色梯度,其中着色的程度依赖于位置而改变,例如依赖于到所分配的侧棱边的距离。
如果着色的程度与弯曲的程度相关,则在此是特别有利的,其中更强烈弯曲的区域具有更强的赋色并且较少强烈弯曲的区域具有更小的赋色。因此,可以最大设计通过窗玻璃的总透射,因为不同弯曲的区域是与其为避免光学干扰所需同样多地着色的。由于最强弯曲的区域通常不直接布置在侧棱边处,而是与其略微间隔开地布置,因此特别有利地设置成,朝向所述的或每个着色的区域的边缘的着色较不明显,如此使得朝向边缘的透射能力提高。同样,透射能力可以从最大赋色的区域出发向玻璃板中心的方向再次提高。用着色的这种变化,改善了美学印象和运输工具乘员的视觉感知,因为避免了"硬"的颜色-或灰色色调棱边。
所述玻璃板单元可以由单个透明的玻璃板,尤其是玻璃制玻璃板构建,或者构建为复合玻璃板,所述复合玻璃板由至少两个透明的玻璃板,尤其是玻璃制玻璃板与位于其中的聚合物薄膜构成。为了在技术上实现,一方面可以设置,在着色的弯曲区域中,玻璃或放入复合玻璃中的聚合物薄膜是着色的。相应着色的玻璃或聚合物薄膜,也具有变化特征,也可以以批量生产容易地实现,因此对此更详细的说明不是必需的。替代地可以设置,在着色的弯曲区域中,玻璃或放入复合玻璃中的聚合物薄膜是印刷的。在复合玻璃中也可以额外地放入本身提供用于赋色的薄膜段。
本发明的实施方式不限于上述实施例和方面,而是在所附权利要求的范围内对本领域技术人员显而易见的许多变型中也是可行的。
Claims (14)
1.运输工具玻璃板单元,其包括侧面的弯曲区域,所述弯曲区域在安装状态下布置在运输工具车身的柱附近,尤其是竖立的柱附近,
其中所述弯曲区域至少部分地是减少透射地着色的,
其中着色的程度依赖于位置而改变,并且其中着色的程度与弯曲的程度相关。
2.根据权利要求1所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中所述侧面的弯曲区域中的弯曲比平均玻璃板弯曲更明显。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中所述侧面的弯曲区域中的曲率半径为小于300 mm,特别是小于200 mm,或者还更特别地小于100 mm。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中在所述侧面的弯曲区域中出现至少10,优选至少15,特别优选至少20的曲率半径梯度。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其形成为人员运输工具的前窗玻璃单元,其中着色的弯曲区域是在安装状态下位于客车车身的A柱附近的那些区域。
6.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其形成为人员运输工具的后窗玻璃单元,其中着色的弯曲区域是在安装状态下位于客车车身的C柱附近的那些区域。
7.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其形成为人员运输工具的玻璃天窗单元,其中着色的弯曲区域至少设置在玻璃天窗单元的窄的侧棱边处或在其附近,所述窄的侧棱边在安装状态下位于客车-顶部的镶框支撑处。
8.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其形成为人员运输工具的全景-运输工具玻璃板(挡风玻璃到侧窗玻璃/挡风玻璃到天窗玻璃/天窗玻璃到后窗玻璃/后窗玻璃到侧窗玻璃),其中着色的弯曲区域至少设置在天窗玻璃的狭窄的侧棱边处或在其附近。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中如此进行所述弯曲区域的着色,使得降低的透射能力为其余玻璃板面的透射能力的50 %-75 %,特别是55 %-68%。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中所述着色是均匀布置的。
11.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中着色的程度依赖于与所分配的侧棱边的距离而改变。
12.根据权利要求11所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中朝向所述着色的区域或每个着色的区域的边缘的着色较不明显,使得朝向边缘的透射能力提高。
13.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中在着色的弯曲区域中,玻璃本身、玻璃上的涂层或放入复合玻璃中的聚合物薄膜是着色的。
14.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的运输工具玻璃板单元,其中在所述着色的弯曲区域中,玻璃或放入多层玻璃中的聚合物薄膜是印刷的。
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PCT/EP2019/060842 WO2020020498A1 (de) | 2018-07-26 | 2019-04-29 | Fahrzeugscheibeneinheit mit krümmungsabhängiger einfärbung |
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US11318819B2 (en) | 2022-05-03 |
EP3826866A1 (de) | 2021-06-02 |
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