CN110951037A - 一种建材配件用阻燃b1级聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及设备 - Google Patents

一种建材配件用阻燃b1级聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及设备 Download PDF

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CN110951037A
CN110951037A CN201911095599.0A CN201911095599A CN110951037A CN 110951037 A CN110951037 A CN 110951037A CN 201911095599 A CN201911095599 A CN 201911095599A CN 110951037 A CN110951037 A CN 110951037A
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韦高林
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:A组分:阻燃型聚酯55‑65份、阻燃型聚醚32‑37份、交联剂3‑5份、催化剂1‑2份、整泡剂2‑5份、发泡剂10‑20份;B组分:20‑35份异氰酸酯、阻燃改性剂6‑8份。本发明还提供了其制备方法及设备。本发明重点通过对泡沫材料的组分、制备方法及设备同步加以改进,使聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性达到B1级标准,无需在组合聚醚内添加阻燃剂,且该材料的阻燃性能持久。本发明通过在异氰酸酯里植入阻燃基团,提高原料里阻燃基团的含量,提高阻燃性能;在异氰酸酯组份植入高阻燃元素成份,阻燃性能持久;本发明制备方法的步骤简洁,设备数量少,易于工业化批量生产。

Description

一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及设备
技术领域
本发明涉及聚氨酯材料技术领域,具体为一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及设备。
背景技术
聚氨酯(PU)仿木材料是20世纪70年代中期发展起来的一种中高密度微孔材料,密度>150Kg/m3,它具有高刚性和机械强度、成型工艺简单、生产效率高、模塑制品外形多变等优点,可替代木材用作各类中高档仿木制品。聚氨酯(PU)仿木材料是由组合聚醚(又称白料)和聚合多异氰酸酯(又称黑料)经混合搅拌、浇注模具、合模发泡、熟化成型、脱模修边等加工工序的硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料,也俗称聚氨酯硬泡。
虽然聚氨酯硬泡是导热系数0.018-0.024w/(m.k)是保温性能最好的保温材料,同时由于他的可塑性,所在建筑行业非常受欢迎,所以得到广泛应用,但聚氨酯有个致命的弱点就是易燃,经过多年的研究,B2级阻燃烧已经得到广泛应用,但阻着社会的发展,以及应用范围的扩大,B1级阻燃聚氨酯已经成为未来的趋势,为了为了满足市场对阻燃的需求,聚氨酯泡沫生产厂家一般会在聚氨酯泡沫组合料A组分料(既组合聚醚)料中加入阻燃剂来提高泡沫的阻燃性,但是大量阻燃剂的加入一方面会影响发泡过程并降低泡沫的性能,另一方面,泡沫在使用过程中阻燃剂会发生迁移,降低泡沫的阻燃性,阻燃性不具备持久性,因此本发明通过对聚氨酯泡沫组合料的B组分料(既聚合多异氰酸酯)进行改性,可以使制备得到的聚氨酯泡沫具有持久性的阻燃性能。
发明内容
(一)解决的技术问题
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料、制备方法及设备,重点通过对泡沫材料的组分、制备方法及设备同步加以改进,以解决现有的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性难以达到B1级标准,并且提高阻燃性的方法是通过在组合聚醚内添加阻燃剂来实现,容易造成阻燃性不持久现象,因此本发明通过对异氰酸酯进行改性,从而使聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性达到B1级标准,并且不会出现阻燃性效果降低的现象。
(二)技术方案
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯55-65份、阻燃型聚醚32-37份、交联剂3-5份、催化剂1-2份、整泡剂2-5份、发泡剂10-20份;
B组分:20-35份异氰酸酯、阻燃改性剂6-8份。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF系列的阻燃型聚酯多元醇,RAYNOL PF系列的阻燃型聚酯多元醇主要有RAYNOL PF-B32A、RAYNOL PF-2605和RAYNOL PF-3805,RAYNOL PF系列产品是在含有较高的苯环分子结构中引入阻燃元素,从而可以提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性。
所述阻燃型聚醚为阻燃型聚醚多元醇,本发明阻燃型聚醚多元醇以甘油、三氯化锑起始剂,逐步加成反应三氯氧化磷,脱除副产物后,以环氧氯丙烷开环聚合,得到含磷3-5%,含氯30-40%,含锑10-15%的三种阻燃元素的反应型阻燃聚醚多元醇。
所述交联剂为二乙醇胺。
所述催化剂为二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂。
所述整泡剂为有机硅氧烷共聚物表面活性剂。
所述发泡剂为HCFC—141b发泡剂。
所述异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物。
所述阻燃改性剂为B-79、RB-7980或RB-7970中的一种或多种。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂为催化剂N,N’-二甲基环己胺和催化剂TMR-2的复合催化剂。
前述建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将阻燃型聚酯、阻燃型聚醚、交联剂、催化剂、整泡剂和发泡剂按照配方重量投入到反应釜中进行混合搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物A;
(2)将异氰酸酯和阻燃改性剂按照配方重量投入到另一个反应釜中进行缓和搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物B;
(3)将混合物A和混合物B加入到聚氨酯高压发泡机中充分混合,得到混合物C;
(4)将得到的混合物C注入到模具中,进行发泡和固化处理;
(5)脱模后即制得建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料。。
前述建材配件用阻燃B级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,包括白料加热反应釜、黑料加热反应釜、两个隔膜计量泵、高压发泡罐、高压混合头和高压计量泵;
所述白料加热反应釜上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅰ;
所述黑料加热反应釜上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅱ;
所述白料加热反应釜和黑料加热反应釜上均设置有搅拌组件;
两个所述隔膜计量泵的进料口分别通过管路与白料加热反应釜和黑料加热反应釜的内部相连通;
两个所述隔膜计量泵的出料口均连通有输料管且通过输料管与高压混合头的内部相连通;
所述高压混合头固定在高压发泡罐的顶部;
所述高压计量泵的进料口通过管路与高压发泡罐的内部相连通。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述进料管组件Ⅰ、进料管组件Ⅱ、输料管和管路上均设置有液压电磁阀。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述进料管组件Ⅰ包括阻燃型聚酯进料管、阻燃型聚醚进料管、交联剂进料管、催化剂进料管、整泡剂进料管和发泡剂进料管,所述进料管组件Ⅱ包括异氰酸酯进料管和阻燃改性剂进料管。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述搅拌组件包括搅拌电机和搅拌器。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述白料加热反应釜、黑料加热反应釜和高压发泡罐上均设置有安全阀、PT温度感应器、磁力液位计和电子液位感应器,所述高压发泡罐上设置有压力机和空气调节器。
作为本发明的一种优选技术方案,所述高压混合头为L型聚氨酯混合头。
(三)有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明提供了一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫、制备方法及设备,具备以下有益效果:
1、本发明重点通过对泡沫材料的组分、制备方法及设备同步加以改进,使聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性达到B1级标准,无需在组合聚醚内添加阻燃剂,且该材料的阻燃性能持久。
2、本发明通过在异氰酸酯里植入阻燃基团,从而提高聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能,使异氰酸酯NCO含量降低,B/A值提高,从而提高原料里阻燃基团的含量,提高了材料的阻燃性能。
3、本发明在异氰酸酯组份植入高阻燃元素成份,不仅可大大提高阻燃效果,而且这种阻燃性能是持久性的,不会因分子迁移而导致阻燃效果阻低的情况,从而保证了阻燃性能的持久效果。
4、本发明选用阻燃型聚酯和阻燃型聚醚作为制备组合聚醚的原材料,而不是通过在组合聚醚中直接添加阻燃剂,可以更好的提高制备得到聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性,从而使聚氨酯泡沫达到B1级。
5、本发明制备方法的步骤简洁,工艺条件易于控制,对环境友好,原料成本低廉,设备数量少,易于工业化批量生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备设备的整体结构示意图。
图中:1、白料加热反应釜;2、黑料加热反应釜;3、进料管组件Ⅰ;4、进料管组件Ⅱ;5、搅拌组件;6、隔膜计量泵;7、输料管;8、高压发泡罐;9、高压混合头;10、高压计量泵。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
请参阅图1,本发明实施例提供的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯57份、阻燃型聚醚35份、交联剂4份、催化剂2份、整泡剂3份、发泡剂15份;
B组分:异氰酸酯27份、阻燃改性剂7份。
具体的,阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF-2605,阻燃改性剂为RB-7970。
前述建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)将阻燃型聚酯、阻燃型聚醚、交联剂、催化剂、整泡剂和发泡剂按照配方重量投入到白料加热反应釜中进行混合搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物A,其中搅拌温度控制在15-30℃,搅拌转速为50-75rpm/min,搅拌时间为30-48min;
(2)将异氰酸酯和阻燃改性剂按照配方重量投入到另一个反应釜(黑料加热反应釜)中进行缓和搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物B,其中搅拌温度控制在38-43文都,搅拌转速为80-105rpm/min,搅拌时间为25-40min;
(3)将混合物A和混合物B加入到聚氨酯高压发泡机中充分混合,得到混合物C,其中混合物A的注射压力为8.5-9.2MPa,混合物B的注射压力为9.7-10.3MPa;
(4)将得到的混合物C注入到模具中,进行发泡和固化处理;
(5)脱模后即制得建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料。。
前述建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,包括白料加热反应釜1、黑料加热反应釜2、两个隔膜计量泵6、高压发泡罐8、高压混合头9和高压计量泵10。
白料加热反应釜1上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅰ3。
黑料加热反应釜2上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅱ4。
白料加热反应釜1和黑料加热反应釜2上均设置有搅拌组件5。
两个隔膜计量泵6的进料口分别通过管路与白料加热反应釜1和黑料加热反应釜2的内部相连通。
两个隔膜计量泵6的出料口均连通有输料管7且通过输料管7与高压混合头9的内部相连通。
高压混合头9固定在高压发泡罐8的顶部。
高压计量泵10的进料口通过管路与高压发泡罐8的内部相连通。
本实施方案中,A组分的原料通过进料管组件Ⅰ3进入到白料加热反应釜1的内部,然后经过搅拌组件5进行搅拌混合均匀,B组分的原料通过进料管组件Ⅱ4进入到黑料加热反应釜2的内部,然后经过搅拌组件5进行搅拌混合均匀,再利用两个隔膜计量泵6将相对应配比的原料输送进高压混合头9的内部,经过高压混合头9将两种原料进行充分混合后,再通过高压计量泵10将混合原料抽出送入进模具中进行发泡固定,从而可以得到阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫。
具体的,进料管组件Ⅰ3、进料管组件Ⅱ4、输料管7和管路上均设置有液压电磁阀。
本实施例中,液压电磁阀的设计是保证进料管组件Ⅰ3、进料管组件Ⅱ4、输料管7和管路内部原料的流通。
具体的,进料管组件Ⅰ3包括阻燃型聚酯进料管、阻燃型聚醚进料管、交联剂进料管、催化剂进料管、整泡剂进料管和发泡剂进料管,进料管组件Ⅱ4包括异氰酸酯进料管和阻燃改性剂进料管。
本实施例中,每种组成原料都通过相对应的进料管进行输送,避免原料受污染,同时保证原料配比正常。
具体的,搅拌组件5包括搅拌电机和搅拌器。
本实施例中,搅拌器位于白料加热反应釜1和黑料加热反应釜2的内部,搅拌电机固定在白料加热反应釜1和黑料加热反应釜2的顶部,通过搅拌电机带动搅拌器转动,即可实现对A组分原料和B组分原料的搅拌混合操作。
具体的,白料加热反应釜1、黑料加热反应釜2和高压发泡罐8上均设置有安全阀、PT100温度感应器、磁力液位计和电子液位感应器,高压发泡罐8上设置有压力机和空气调节器。
本实施例中,保证了白料加热反应釜1、黑料加热反应釜2和高压发泡罐8可以正常运行工作。
具体的,高压混合头9为L型聚氨酯混合头。
本实施例中,L型聚氨酯混合头为常见的高压混合头9,混合效果好。
实施例二
本发明实施例提供的材料、制备方法与制备设备与实施例一基本上相同,不同点在于,本实施例中提供的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯55份、阻燃型聚醚33份、交联剂3份、催化剂1份、整泡剂4份、发泡剂13份;
B组分:异氰酸酯24份、阻燃改性剂6份。
具体的,阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF-3805,阻燃改性剂为RB-7980。
实施例三
本实施例提供的材料、制备方法与制备设备与实施例一及二均基本相同,不同点在于,本实施例中提供的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯60份、阻燃型聚醚35份、交联剂4份、催化剂2份、整泡剂4份、发泡剂18份;
B组分:异氰酸酯30份、阻燃改性剂7份。
具体的,阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF-3805,阻燃改性剂为B-79。
实施例四
本实施例提供的材料、制备方法与制备设备与实施例一、二、三均基本上相同,不同点在于,本实施例中提供的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯63份、阻燃型聚醚36份、交联剂5份、催化剂1份、整泡剂5份、发泡剂16份;
B组分:33份异氰酸酯、阻燃改性剂8份。
具体的,阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF-B32A,阻燃改性剂为RB-7970。
材料性能测试:
对上述实施例一、实施例二、实施例三和实施例四得到的聚氨酯泡沫材料进行性能测试,其中性能测试采用的标准为:
阻燃性能分级是根据GB/T8624-2006;
抗伸强度是根据GB/T6343;
导热系数是根据GB/T10295-2008;
泡沫芯密度是根据GB/T6343-2009。
实施例一中得到的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能为B1级,抗伸强度为14MPa,导热系数为0.021w/(m.k),泡沫芯密度为645kg/m3
实施例二中得到的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能为B1级,抗伸强度为13MPa,导热系数为0.019w/(m.k),泡沫芯密度为641kg/m3
实施例三中得到的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能为B1级,抗伸强度为14MPa,导热系数为0.021w/(m.k),泡沫芯密度为637kg/m3
实施例四中得到的聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性能为B1级,抗伸强度为15MPa,导热系数为0.022w/(m.k),泡沫芯密度为630kg/m3
本发明重点通过对泡沫材料的组分、制备方法及设备同步加以改进,使聚氨酯泡沫的阻燃性达到B1级标准,无需在组合聚醚内添加阻燃剂,且该材料的阻燃性能持久。
本发明材料的具体组分及比例,可以在本发明记载的范围内,按照需要具体选择,均可以达到本发明的技术效果;本发明不再一一列出。
最后应说明的是:以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于:其由以下重量份数的原料制成:
A组分:阻燃型聚酯55-65份、阻燃型聚醚32-37份、交联剂3-5份、催化剂1-2份、整泡剂2-5份、发泡剂10-20份;
B组分:20-35份异氰酸酯、阻燃改性剂6-8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于:
所述阻燃型聚酯为RAYNOL PF系列的阻燃型聚酯多元醇;
所述阻燃型聚醚为阻燃型聚醚多元醇;
所述交联剂为二乙醇胺;
所述催化剂为二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂;
所述整泡剂为有机硅氧烷共聚物表面活性剂;
所述发泡剂为HCFC—141b发泡剂;
所述异氰酸酯为二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯和多苯基多亚甲基多异氰酸酯的混合物;
所述阻燃改性剂为B-79、RB-7980或RB-7970中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料,其特征在于:
所述二甲基环己胺和/或复合胺类催化剂为催化剂N,N’-二甲基环己胺和催化剂TMR-2的复合催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1-3之一所述建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备方法,其特征在于,其包括以下步骤:
(1)将阻燃型聚酯、阻燃型聚醚、交联剂、催化剂、整泡剂和发泡剂按照配方重量投入到反应釜中进行混合搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物A;
(2)将异氰酸酯和阻燃改性剂按照配方重量投入到另一个反应釜中进行缓和搅拌至均匀,可以得到混合物B;
(3)将混合物A和混合物B加入到聚氨酯高压发泡机中充分混合,得到混合物C;
(4)将得到的混合物C注入到模具中,进行发泡和固化处理;
(5)脱模后即制得建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫材料。
5.一种建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:包括白料加热反应釜(1)、黑料加热反应釜(2)、两个隔膜计量泵(6)、高压发泡罐(8)、高压混合头(9)和高压计量泵(10);
所述白料加热反应釜(1)上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅰ(3);
所述黑料加热反应釜(2)上设置有与其内部相连通的进料管组件Ⅱ(4);
所述白料加热反应釜(1)和黑料加热反应釜(2)上均设置有搅拌组件(5);
两个所述隔膜计量泵(6)的进料口分别通过管路与白料加热反应釜(1)和黑料加热反应釜(2)的内部相连通;
两个所述隔膜计量泵(6)的出料口均连通有输料管(7)且通过输料管(7)与高压混合头(9)的内部相连通;
所述高压混合头(9)固定在高压发泡罐(8)的顶部;
所述高压计量泵(10)的进料口通过管路与高压发泡罐(8)的内部相连通。
6.根据权利要求5所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:所述进料管组件Ⅰ(3)、进料管组件Ⅱ(4)、输料管(7)和管路上均设置有液压电磁阀。
7.根据权利要求6所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:所述进料管组件Ⅰ(3)包括阻燃型聚酯进料管、阻燃型聚醚进料管、交联剂进料管、催化剂进料管、整泡剂进料管和发泡剂进料管,所述进料管组件Ⅱ(4)包括异氰酸酯进料管和阻燃改性剂进料管。
8.根据权利要求5所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:所述搅拌组件(5)包括搅拌电机和搅拌器。
9.根据权利要求5所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:所述白料加热反应釜(1)、黑料加热反应釜(2)和高压发泡罐(8)上均设置有安全阀、PT100温度感应器、磁力液位计和电子液位感应器,所述高压发泡罐(8)上设置有压力机和空气调节器。
10.根据权利要求5所述的建材配件用阻燃B1级聚氨酯泡沫的制备设备,其特征在于:所述高压混合头(9)为L型聚氨酯混合头。
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CN112280001A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2021-01-29 绍兴市华创聚氨酯有限公司 一种楼地面用高阻燃组合聚醚

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112280001A (zh) * 2020-10-31 2021-01-29 绍兴市华创聚氨酯有限公司 一种楼地面用高阻燃组合聚醚
CN112280001B (zh) * 2020-10-31 2022-06-14 绍兴市华创聚氨酯有限公司 一种楼地面用高阻燃组合聚醚

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