CN110945009A - 一种寡肽连接子中间体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种寡肽连接子中间体及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110945009A CN110945009A CN201980002412.XA CN201980002412A CN110945009A CN 110945009 A CN110945009 A CN 110945009A CN 201980002412 A CN201980002412 A CN 201980002412A CN 110945009 A CN110945009 A CN 110945009A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- trimethylsilyl
- amino acid
- ethoxycarbonyl
- lysine
- lys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/04—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing only normal peptide links
- C07K5/06—Dipeptides
- C07K5/06008—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral
- C07K5/06017—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic
- C07K5/06034—Dipeptides with the first amino acid being neutral and aliphatic the side chain containing 2 to 4 carbon atoms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种新的寡肽类连接子中间体及其制备方法,该寡肽类中间体制备方法反应条件温和,易于实现,反应几乎没有副反应发生,杂质较少,产物较纯且易于纯化,具有意料不到的技术效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗体药物偶联物领域,具体涉及一种寡肽连接子制备方法及其中间体。
背景技术
抗体偶联药物(Antibody-Drug Conjugate,ADC)作为一种新型的生物导弹,实现了单抗靶向作用和小分子药物细胞毒性的强强联合,现已成为肿瘤靶向治疗发展最快的领域之一。ADC的三个构件(抗体、细胞毒素和连接子)共同组成靶向药物递送系统,其中连接子的构建和优化是该类药物研发的关键所在。连接子是ADC有效递送细胞毒性药物的基础,也是决定ADC产物毒性的关键因素,血液循环中药物的过早释放可导致全身毒性和较低的治疗指数。通过优化现有的偶联技术、开发稳定性接头、探索全新的毒素释放机制等有望解决ADC普遍存在的毒素脱靶和耐药问题,从而进一步提升其药效和安全性。
现阶段基于寡肽设计的可裂解ADCs占据主流(文献1:Wang Y,Fan S,Zhong W,etal.Development and properties of valine-alanine based antibody-drugconjugates with monomethyl auristatin e as the potent payload[J].International journal of molecular sciences,2017,18(9):1860.),其在靶细胞溶酶体的组织蛋白酶B作用下降解并释放毒素最终杀灭肿瘤。其中,寡肽连接子(例如缬氨酸-瓜氨酸二肽(Val-Cit,VC))已被广泛应用于各类ADC药物的连接子中。全球目前(截止至2019年7月)已批准的5种抗体偶联药物中(表1)Seattle&武田的Brentuximab vedotin和基因泰克的Polatuzumab vedotin-piiq的连接子均为寡肽连接子(缬氨酸-瓜氨酸二肽类连接子)。
表1已上市抗体药物偶联物
当前合成寡肽类连接子的方法主要有3种(文献2:Mondal D,Ford J,Pinney KG.Improved Methodology for the Synthesis of a Cathepsin B Cleavable DipeptideLinker,Widely Used in Antibody-Drug Conjugate Research[J].Tetrahedronletters,2018,59(40):3594-3599.),第一种是使用Fmoc保护基,第二种是使用Cbz保护基,第三种是使用Boc保护基。
下面以缬氨酸-瓜氨酸二肽类连接子为例阐述上述三种制备工艺:
(1)使用Fmoc保护基
该方法是先用Fmoc-Val与Cit缩合生成Fmoc-Val-Cit,再与对氨基苄醇缩合得到Fmoc-Val-Cit-PAB,再通过脱掉Fmoc得到Val-Cit-PAB。但是该方法在脱除Fmoc保护基时,一般选择低级胺类,容易生成副产物,不易除干净。且Fmoc的紫外吸收很强,痕量残留即对产品的纯度测试影响很大。
(2)使用Cbz保护基
该方法是先用Cbz-Val与Cit缩合生成Cbz-Val-Cit,再与对氨基苄醇缩合得到Cbz-Val-Cit-PAB,再通过脱掉Cbz得到Val-Cit-PAB。但是该方法在脱除Cbz保护基时,需要过渡金属催化,最常用的金属为Pd,对人体有害,易造成重金属残留,不易清除。另外需要使用氢源,最常用的是氢气,极易爆炸,安全风险大,不便于大量使用。虽然可以使用其它的氢源,但是在使用过程中,亦会释放部分氢气,具有安全隐患。
(3)使用Boc保护基
该方法是先用Boc-Val与Cit缩合生成Boc-Val-Cit,再与对氨基苄醇缩合得到Boc-Val-Cit-PAB,再通过脱掉Boc得到Val-Cit-PAB。但是该方法在脱除Boc保护基时,需要使用强酸,最常用的是HCl的溶液和三氟乙酸。由于Boc-Val-Cit-PAB分子中,带有苄基位的醇羟基,在使用HCl时,会发生醇羟基的氯代反应,生成相应的苄基氯,影响产品质量。在使用三氟乙酸时,苄基位的醇会发生酯化反应,生成相应的三氟乙酸酯,需要额外的一步水解反应,得到Val-Cit-PAB,额外增加步骤,而且碱性水解具有使氨基酸单元上的手性中心消旋的风险。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明提供了一种新的制备寡肽类连接子的方法,本发明提供的以Teoc作为保护基制备Val-Cit-PAB的方法,反应条件温和,易于实现,反应几乎没有副反应发生,杂质较少,产物较纯且易于纯化,具有意料不到的技术效果。
具体的,本发明提供了一种寡肽连接子中间体,其结构如式(1)-(4)所示:
其中,所述的AA1、AA2、AA3、AA4为任一氨基酸。
进一步的,所述的AA1、AA2、AA3、AA4分别独立地选自-缬氨酸-(-Val-)、-瓜氨酸-(-Cit-)、-丙氨酸-(-Ala-)、-赖氨酸-(-Lys-)、-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Trt)-)、-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Mmt)-)、-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-精氨酸-(-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-(-Phe-)、-甘氨酸-(-Gly-)、-亮氨酸-(-Leu-)、-异亮氨酸-(-Ile-)。
更进一步的,所述的-AA1-AA2-选自-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Val-Cit-)、-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-(-Val-Ala-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Val-Lys-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Trt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Mmt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Val-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-缬氨酸-精氨酸-(-Val-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Phe-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Phe-Lys-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Trt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Mmt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Phe-Lys(Fmoc)-)、亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Leu-Cit-)、异亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Ile-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-(-Phe-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-选自-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-精氨酸-(-Ala-Arg-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-选自-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-)、-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-),-丙氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸-亮氨酸
(-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-)。
优选的,所述的寡肽连接子中间体包括以下结构:
本发明还提供了上述结构式(1)-(3)所示寡肽连接子中间体的制备方法,所述方法的反应路线为:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2,或者依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3,或者依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3、氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽缩合物;
2)将反应得到的2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物,
其中所述的羰基化试剂为任一包含羰基的化合物。
进一步的,所述结构式(1)所示寡肽连接子中间体的反应路线为:
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物;
2)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物和氨基酸AA2经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物;
3)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物。
进一步的,所述结构式(2)所示寡肽连接子中间体的反应路线为:
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物;
2)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物和氨基酸AA2经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物;
3)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物和氨基酸AA3经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物;
4)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物。
进一步的,所述结构式(3)所示寡肽连接子中间体的反应路线为:
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物;
2)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物和氨基酸AA2经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物;
3)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物和氨基酸AA3经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物;
4)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物和氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物;
5)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物。
本发明还提供了结构式(4)所示寡肽连接子中间体的制备方法,所述方法的反应路线为:将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3、氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物,其中所述的羰基化试剂为任一包含羰基的化合物。
进一步的,所述结构式(4)所示寡肽连接子中间体的反应路线为:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物;
2)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物和氨基酸AA2经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物;
3)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物和氨基酸AA3经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物;
4)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物和氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物。
进一步的,所述羰基化试剂具有式(5)所示结构:
其中:
更进一步的,所述的羰基化试剂选自:
进一步的,所述的AA1、AA2、AA3、AA4分别独立地选自-缬氨酸-(-Val-)、-瓜氨酸-(-Cit-)、-丙氨酸-(-Ala-)、-赖氨酸-(-Lys-)、-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Trt)-)、-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Mmt)-)、-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-精氨酸-(-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-(-Phe-)、-甘氨酸-(-Gly-)、-亮氨酸-(-Leu-)、-异亮氨酸-(-Ile-)。
更进一步的,所述的-AA1-AA2-选自-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Val-Cit-)、-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-(-Val-Ala-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Val-Lys-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Trt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Mmt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Val-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-缬氨酸-精氨酸-(-Val-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Phe-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Phe-Lys-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Trt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Mmt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Phe-Lys(Fmoc)-)、亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Leu-Cit-)、异亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Ile-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-(-Phe-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-选自-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-精氨酸-(-Ala-Arg-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-选自-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-)、-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-),-丙氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸-亮氨酸(-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-)。
优选的,所述的-AA1-AA2-选自如下结构:
优选的,所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-选自如下结构:
优选的,所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-选自如下结构:
本发明还提供了上述任一项所述的中间体在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
进一步的,上述任一项所述的缩合反应所使用的溶剂为任一极性溶剂或非极性溶剂;优选的,所述的溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、DMAc、DMPU、HMPA、乙二醇二甲醚、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、叔丁醇、水、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳的一种或几种;更优选的,所述的溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、水、甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、乙醇的一种或几种。
在某些具体的实施例中,当羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1发生缩合反应时,所述的缩合反应使用的试剂优选为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、DMAc、DMPU、HMPA、乙二醇二甲醚、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、叔丁醇、水、乙酸乙酯的一种或几种;更优选的,所述的试剂为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、水的一种或几种。
在另一些具体的实施例中,当羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1反应后的2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物与AA2发生的缩合反应、以及在另一些实施例中还继续与AA3、AA4发生的缩合反应中所使用的试剂优选为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、DMAc、DMPU、HMPA、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、乙二醇二甲醚、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、叔丁醇、水、乙酸乙酯的一种或几种;更优选的,所述的试剂为四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、水,甲醇的一种或几种。
在另一些具体的实施例中,当上述反应后的多肽缩合物(即2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物、2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物、2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物)与对氨基苯甲醇发生缩合反应时所使用的试剂优选为二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、DMAc、DMPU、HMPA、乙二醇二甲醚、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、叔丁醇、乙酸乙酯的一种或几种;更优选的,所述的试剂为二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、甲醇、乙醇、DMF的一种或几种。
本发明还提供了上述任一项所述的制备方法在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
在抗体药物偶联的制备中,其还包含脱除Teoc保护过程:
上述脱Teoc保护后的产物往往作为连接子的一部分,在抗体药物偶联的制备中,其与药物部分进行共价连接。为了实现与抗体部分的共价连接,其往往还需要偶联上一个连接头部分,具体如下反应路线:
其中,所述L、L’为连接头部分,它们均为任一连接基团。
在某些实施例中,所述的连接头L选自:
相应的,所述的连接基团L’选自:
在特定的实施例中,所述的寡肽连接子选自:
附图说明
图1-A至图1-F给出了Teoc保护基法制备Val-Cit-PAB的相关的液质联用检测图,其中,图1-A是质谱检测的空白对照图,图1-B是液相检测的空白对照图,图1-C是采用Teoc保护基法制备的Val-Cit-PAB的质谱检测图,图1-D是产物的液相检测图,图1-E是产物的正离子质谱图,图1-F是产物的负离子质谱图。
图2-A至图2-H给出了Cbz保护基法制备Val-Cit-PAB的相关的液质联用检测图,其中,图2-A为空白质谱谱图,图2-B为空白液相谱图,图2-C为利用Cbz保护基法制备的Val-Cit-PAB的质谱图,图2-D为产物的液相谱图,图2-E是产物的正离子质谱图,图2-F是产物的负离子质谱图,图2-G为杂质分正离子质谱图,图2-H为杂质的负离子质谱图。
图3-A至图3-D给出了Boc保护基法制备Phe-Cit-PAB(盐酸脱保护法)相关的液质联用检测,其中,图3-A为利用Boc保护基法制备的Phe-Cit-PAB的质谱图,图3-B为产物液相谱图,图3-C为正离子质谱图,图3-D为负离子质谱图。
图4-A至图4-D给出了Boc保护基法制备Phe-Cit-PAB(三氟乙酸脱保护法)相关的液质联用检测,其中,图4-A为利用Boc保护基法制备的Phe-Cit-PAB的质谱图,图4-B为产物液相谱图,图4-C为正离子质谱图,图4-D为负离子质谱图。
具体实施方式
[缩写]
除非另有说明,本发明使用的所有缩写具有本领域普通技术人员所理解的相同含义。如本发明所用,常用的缩写及其定义如下所示:
缩写 | 定义 |
Fmoc | 芴甲氧羰基 |
Cbz | 苄氧羰基 |
Boc | 叔丁氧羰基 |
Teoc | 2-(三甲基硅基)乙氧羰基 |
Val | 缬氨酸 |
Cit | 瓜氨酸 |
Ala | 丙氨酸 |
Lys | 赖氨酸 |
Arg | 精氨酸 |
Phe | 苯丙氨酸 |
[定义]
与说明书的各方面相关的各种术语在说明书和权利要求书中通篇使用。除非另外指明,否则此类术语被赋予本领域的普通含义。其它具体定义的术语应按照与本文所提供的定义相符的方式理解。
如本文所用,术语“一个”和“一种”和“所述”是按照标准惯例使用的并且意指一个或多个,除非上下文另有指示。因此例如,对“一种抗体药物偶联物”的提及包括两个或更多个抗体药物偶联物的组合等等。
应当理解,无论何处在本文中用语言“包含”描述方面,除此之外还提供了以“由......组成”和/或“基本上由......组成”描述的类似方面。
尽管本发明的广义范围所示的数字范围和参数近似值,但是具体实施例中所示的数值尽可能准确的进行记载。然而,任何数值本来就必然含有一定的误差,其是由它们各自的测量中存在的标准偏差所致。另外,本文公开的所有范围应理解为涵盖其中包含的任何和所有子范围。例如记载的“1至10”的范围应认为包含最小值1和最大值10之间(包含端点)的任何和所有子范围;也就是说,所有以最小值1或更大起始的子范围,例如1至6.1,以及以最大值10或更小终止的子范围,例如5.5至10。另外,任何称为“并入本文”的参考文献应理解为以其整体并入。
本发明中的术语“连接基团”是指一种具有双官能团或多官能团的分子,可分别与蛋白/抗体分子和二肽连接子反应,因此做为一种“桥梁”将蛋白/抗体与二肽连接子连接起来。
本发明中的术语“寡肽连接子”泛指一类包含两个或两个以上氨基酸残基的连接结构,其还包括对苯甲醇残基结构。所述的两个氨基酸通过脱水缩合的方式连接在一起,这里所说的氨基酸泛指那些含有氨基和羧基的一类有机化合物,包括所有的必需氨基酸和非必需氨基酸。优选的,所述的氨基酸包括但不限于-缬氨酸-(-Val-)、-瓜氨酸-(-Cit-)、-丙氨酸-(-Ala-)、-赖氨酸-(-Lys-)、-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Trt)-)、-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Mmt)-)、-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-精氨酸-(-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-(-Phe-)、-甘氨酸-(-Gly-)、-亮氨酸-(-Leu-)、-异亮氨酸-(-Ile-)。
[具体实施例]
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商建议的条件进行,未注明具体来源的试剂,为市场购买的常规试剂。除非另外说明,否则所有的百分数、比率、比例、或份数按重量计。
本发明中的重量体积百分比中的单位是本领域技术人员所熟知的,例如是指在100毫升的溶液中溶质的重量。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用于与本领域熟悉人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明办法中。文中所述的较佳实施方式与材料仅作示范之用。
实施例1 Teoc保护基法制备Val-Cit-PAB
(1)Teoc-Val-Cit的制备
向500mL单口瓶中依次加入14.16g 2-(三甲硅基)乙醇(120mmol)、38.7g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(300mmol)、30.4g二(对硝基苯)碳酸酯(100mmol)、400mL乙腈,加毕,保持室温状态搅拌16h,形成反应液1。将14.08g L-缬氨酸(120mmol)、25.8g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(200mmol)加入到1L单口瓶中,用400mL水溶解,形成反应液2。将反应液1搅拌状态下加入到反应液2中,室温状态下搅拌16h后,将反应液用LC-MS法检测反应结束。检测合格后,将反应液溶剂旋蒸,蒸干后加入500mL水,搅拌状态下滴加1mol/L的盐酸调pH值至1,调毕每次用300mL的乙酸乙酯萃取水相两次。将萃取液合并,每次用300mL水水洗两次。水洗毕将萃取液加入无水硫酸镁干燥,将干燥毕的溶剂旋蒸干,得到淡黄色粘稠状固体产物(即含有对硝基苯酚的2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酸混合物(简称2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酸混合物))54g。LC-MS(M-H)-:260.1。2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酸混合物不经纯化,直接进行下步反应。
向500mL单口瓶中依次加入10.5g上述制备的2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酸混合物(40mmol)、24.3g N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(80mmol)、25.8g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(200mmol)、200mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加毕室温搅拌6h,形成反应液3。将21g L-瓜氨酸(120mmol)加入到1L单口瓶中,加入400ml水搅拌至全溶,形成反应液4。向500mL烧杯中加入15.5g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(120mmol)、200mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,形成反应液5。将反应液5加入到反应液4中,然后移至低温浴槽中,-10℃状态搅拌0.5h。然后,在-10℃搅拌状态下向上述反应体系中缓慢滴加反应液3,控制在2h左右滴加完,滴加完后控制在-10℃状态搅拌16h后,用LC-MS法检测反应结束。检测合格后,将体系溶剂旋蒸干。旋蒸毕,加入500mL 0.1mol/L的盐酸充分搅拌,每次用300mL的乙酸乙酯萃取水相两次。将萃取液合并,每次用300mL的0.1mol/L盐酸酸洗两次,再每次用300mL水水洗两次。水洗毕将萃取液加入无水硫酸镁干燥,将干燥毕的溶剂旋蒸干加入100mL的乙酸乙酯,1000mL甲苯搅拌16h后过滤,将滤饼用50mL THF溶解后加入1L的甲基叔丁基醚:正己烷=1:1配液,室温搅拌16h后过滤,将滤饼用50mL THF溶解后加入1L的甲苯,室温搅拌6h后过滤滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物11.1g,收率68%。LC-MS(M+H)+:418.7,LC-MS(M-H)-:416.7。
(2)Teoc-Val-Cit-PAB的制备
向500mL单口瓶中依次加入7.5g 2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酸(18mmol)、9g N-乙氧酰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二氢喹啉(36mmol)、4.5g对氨基苯甲醇(36mmol)、150mL的二氯甲烷、75mL的甲醇,加毕室温搅拌16h后LC-MS法检测反应结束。检测合格后,将反应液旋蒸,蒸干后加入200mL的二氯甲烷,200mL乙酸乙酯搅拌16h后,过滤。滤饼加入100mL的二氯甲烷、100mL乙酸乙酯、200mL正己烷,搅拌16h后,过滤。滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物7.5g(产物为2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酰胺基对苯甲醇,即Teoc-Val-Cit-PAB),收率80%。LC-MS(M+H)+:523.5,LC-MS(M-H)-:522。
(3)Val-Cit-PAB(相对分子量:379.46)的制备
向500mL单口瓶中依次加入3.15g 2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酰胺基对苯甲醇(6.2mmol)、2.16g氟化钾(37.2mmol)、12.4mL1.0mol/L四丁基氟化铵四氢呋喃溶液、100mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,加毕室温状态下搅拌24h后LC-MS法检测反应结束。反应结束后,将反应液过滤,将滤液溶剂旋蒸干后,加入100mL无水乙醇充分溶解,加入18mL1mol/L稀盐酸溶液充分搅拌后,加入无水硫酸镁干燥,干燥后过滤。滤液旋蒸,蒸干后加入30mL乙醇全溶后,室温搅拌状态下加入200mL甲叔醚和200mL二氯甲烷的混合溶液搅拌1h后过滤。滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物1.83g(产物为L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酰胺基对苯甲醇,即Val-Cit-PAB),收率80%。
液质联用检测,其中图1-A是质谱检测的空白对照图,图1-B是液相检测的空白对照图,图1-C是采用Teoc保护基法制备的Val-Cit-PAB(本实施例中的产物)的质谱检测图,图1-D是产物的液相检测图,图1-E是产物的正离子质谱图,图1-F是产物的负离子质谱图。对比图1-A和图1-C可以看出,时间为2.87min的峰为产物离子峰,对比图1-B和图1-D可以产物有较强的HPLC信号,结合图1-A和图1-C可以看出,采用Teoc保护基法制备的Val-Cit-PAB杂质较少。通过分析2.87min时间段的正离子检测谱图(2.849min)和负离子检测谱图(2.866min)可知:LC-MS(M+H)+:379.6,LC-MS(M-H)-:378.0。
实施例2 Cbz保护基法制备Val-Cit-PAB
(1)Cbz-Val-Cit的制备
向1L单口瓶中依次加入10g N-苄氧羰基-L-缬氨酸(即Cbz-Val)(40mmol)、18.2gN,N,N’,N’-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(60mmol)、15.5g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(120mmol)、300mL乙腈,加毕室温搅拌4h。将7.7g L-瓜氨酸(44mmol)溶于300ml水后,加入到上述反应体系中,室温搅拌16h,取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。搅拌状态下滴加0.1mol/L的盐酸调pH值至1,将溶剂旋蒸干后,加入800mL水,室温搅拌16h,过滤。滤饼真空干燥后,加入400mL的乙酸乙酯,400mL二氯甲烷搅拌16h后过滤。滤饼真空干燥后,加入200mL的乙酸乙酯,200mL二氯甲烷,400mL正己烷,搅拌16h后过滤,滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物12.65g(即N-苄氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酸,Cbz-Val-Cit),收率77%。LC-MS(M+H)+:408.7,LC-MS(M-H)-:406.9。
(2)Cbz-Val-Cit-PAB的制备
向500mL单口瓶中依次加入12.65g N-苄氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酸(31mmol)、15.74g N-乙氧酰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二氢喹啉(62mmol)、7.53g对氨基苯甲醇(62mmol)、200mL二氯甲烷、100mL甲醇,室温搅拌16h后取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。将反应液旋蒸干后,加入200mL二氯甲烷,200mL乙酸乙酯,搅拌16h,过滤。滤饼加入100mL二氯甲烷、100mL乙酸乙酯、200mL正己烷,搅拌16h,过滤。滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物9.1g,收率60%。LC-MS(M+H)+:513.6。
(3)Val-Cit-PAB(相对分子量:379.46)的制备
向250mL单口瓶中依次加入1.12g N-苄氧羰基-L-缬氨酰基-L-瓜氨酰基对苯甲醇(2mmol)、0.3g钯碳、100mL甲醇,10℃下搅拌。将装满氢气的气球罩到反应体系上,10℃下搅拌16h,取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。将反应液过滤,滤液旋蒸干后,加入400mL正己烷搅拌16h后过滤。滤饼干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物0.69g,收率91%。
液质联用检测,其中图2-A为空白质谱谱图,图2-B为空白液相谱图,图2-C为利用Cbz保护基法制备的Val-Cit-PAB(本实施例中的产物)的质谱图,图2-D为产物的液相谱图,图2-E是产物的正离子质谱图,图2-F是产物的负离子质谱图,图2-G为杂质分正离子质谱图,图2-H为杂质的负离子质谱图。对比图2-A和图2-C可以看出有两个比较强的离子峰:4.33min和6.54min,对比图2-B与2-D可以看到4.12min和5.39min处有两个HPLC信号较强的峰,结合图2-A和图2-C可以推测,这两个峰一个为产物峰,一个为杂质峰,且杂质的含量较大。通过分析4.33min和5.54min的正离子质谱图和负离子质谱图可以发现,4.33min处的峰为产物峰(LC-MS(M+H)+:379.6,LC-MS(M-H)-:378.0),5.54min处的峰为杂质峰(LC-MS(M+H)+:363.6),推测其有可能是Val-Cit-PAB脱羟基的副产物(分子量仅相差16),且其含量较大。由于副产物化学性质与产物极其相似,非常难除去,对后续反应和产品品质均有较大影响。并且,在脱保护过程中用到了氢气做反应物,存在安全风险。
实施例3 Boc保护基法制备Phe-Cit-PAB
(1)Boc-Phe-Cit的制备
向250mL单口瓶中依次加入2.65g N-(叔丁氧羰基)–L-苯丙氨酸(10mmol)(即Boc-Phe)、3.61g N,N,N’,N’-四甲基-O-(N-琥珀酰亚胺)脲四氟硼酸盐(12mmol)、3.87g N,N-二异丙基乙胺(30mmol)、50mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺,室温搅拌4h。
将1.75g L-瓜氨酸(10mmol)溶于50ml水中,加入到上述反应体系中,室温搅拌16h,取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。搅拌状态下滴加0.1mol/L盐酸调pH值至1。将体系溶剂旋蒸干后,加入200mL水室温搅拌16h,过滤。将滤饼干燥后加入100mL乙酸乙酯,100mL二氯甲烷,搅拌16h,过滤,滤饼干燥,得到黄色粉末状固体产物3g(即N-(叔丁氧羰基)-L-苯丙氨酰基-L-瓜氨酸,Boc-Phe-Cit),收率71%。LC-MS(M-H)-:421.4。
(2)Boc-Phe-Cit-PAB的制备
向250mL单口瓶中依次加入3g N-(叔丁氧羰基)–L-苯丙氨基-L-瓜氨酸(7.1mmol)(即Boc-Phe-Cit)、3.5g N-乙氧酰基-2-乙氧基-1,2-二氢喹啉(14.2mmol)、1.75g对氨基苯甲醇(14.2mmol)、60mL二氯甲烷、30mL甲醇,室温搅拌16h,取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。将反应液旋蒸干后,加入100mL二氯甲烷,100mL乙酸乙酯搅拌16h,离心。下层白色固体加入100mL正己烷,搅拌2h,离心。下层白色固体干燥,得到类白色粉末状固体产物2.3g(即N-(叔丁氧羰基)-L-苯丙氨酰基-L-瓜氨酰胺基对苯甲醇,Boc-Phe-Cit-PAB),收率62%。LC-MS(M-H)-:526.2。
(3)Phe-Cit-PAB(相对分子量:427.51)的制备
下面分别采用盐酸脱保护和三氟乙酸脱保护法脱除Boc保护基。
(a)盐酸脱保护法
向10mL单口瓶中依次加入0.5g N-(叔丁氧羰基)–L-苯丙氨基-L-瓜氨酰胺基对苯甲醇(1mmol)(即Boc-Phe-Cit-PAB)、3mL 4mol/L氯化氢二氧六环溶液、3mL二氧六环,加毕室温状态下搅拌3h,取样用LC-MS检测,反应结束。
液质联用检测,图3-A为利用Boc保护基法制备的Phe-Cit-PAB(本实施例中的产物)的质谱图,图3-B为产物液相谱图,图3-C为正离子质谱图,图3-D为负离子质谱图。从图3-A中可以看出5.39min出有一个较强的离子峰,通过分析此处的正离子质谱图(5.390min)和负离子质谱图(5.403min)可得:LC-MS(M+H)+:446.2,LC-MS(M-H)-:444.1,推测此方法制备的产物中大部分产物为苄位羟基被氯取代的副产物。
(b)三氟乙酸脱保护法
向10mL单口瓶中依次加入0.5g N-(叔丁氧羰基)–L-苯丙氨基-L-瓜氨酰基对苯甲醇(1mmol)、3mL三氟乙酸,加毕室温状态下搅拌2h后,LC-MS法检测反应结束。
液质联用检测,图4-A为利用Boc保护基法制备的Phe-Cit-PAB(本实施例中的产物)的质谱图,图4-B为产物液相谱图,图4-C为正离子质谱图,图4-D为负离子质谱图。从图4-A中可以看出在5.77min出有一个较强的离子峰,通过分析此处的正离子质谱图(5.768min)和负离子质谱图(5.781min)可得:LC-MS(M+H)+:524.4,LC-MS(M-H)-:522.1,推测此方法制备的产物中大部分产物为苄位羟基成三氟乙酸酯的副产物。
综上所述,本发明提供的Teoc作为保护基制备Val-Cit-PAB方法反应条件温和易于实现,反应几乎没有副反应发生,产物较纯且易于纯化;而采用Cbz作为保护基制备Val-Cit-PAB方法会出现脱羟基的副产物,且其含量较大。由于副产物化学性质与产物极其相似,非常难除去,对后续反应和产品品质均有较大影响。并且,该方法在脱保护过程中用到了氢气做反应物,存在安全风险。采用Boc作为保护基制备Val-Cit-PAB方法会出现苄位羟基被氯取代,苄位羟基成三氟乙酸酯等问题,且转化率非常高。因此,相较于其他两种方法,本发明提供的Teoc方法更容易实现,且杂质较少,具有意料不到的技术效果。
本发明已通过各个具体实施例作了举例说明。但是,本领域普通技术人员能够理解,本发明并不限于各个具体实施方式,普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以作出各种改动或变型,并且在本说明书中各处提及的各个技术特征可以相互组合,而仍不背离本发明的精神和范围。这样的改动和变型均在本发明的范围之内。
Claims (21)
2.根据权利要求1所述的寡肽连接子中间体,其特征在于,所述的AA1、AA2、AA3、AA4分别独立地选自-缬氨酸-(-Val-)、-瓜氨酸-(-Cit-)、-丙氨酸-(-Ala-)、-赖氨酸-(-Lys-)、-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Trt)-)、-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Mmt)-)、-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-精氨酸-(-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-(-Phe-)、-甘氨酸-(-Gly-)、-亮氨酸-(-Leu-)、-异亮氨酸-(-Ile-)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的寡肽连接子中间体,其特征在于,所述的-AA1-AA2-选自-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Val-Cit-)、-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-(-Val-Ala-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Val-Lys-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Trt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Mmt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Val-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-缬氨酸-精氨酸-(-Val-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Phe-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Phe-Lys-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Trt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Mmt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Phe-Lys(Fmoc)-)、亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Leu-Cit-)、异亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Ile-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-(-Phe-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-选自-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-精氨酸-(-Ala-Arg-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-选自-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-)、-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-),-丙氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸-亮氨酸(-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-)。
5.一种抗体药物偶联物,所述抗体药物偶联物中使用的连接子的前体为权利要求1-4中任一项中的寡肽连接子中间体。
6.权利要求1所述结构式(1)-(3)所示寡肽连接子中间体的制备方法,所述方法的反应路线为:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2,或者依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3,或者依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3、氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽缩合物;
2)将反应得到的2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-寡肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物,
其中所述的羰基化试剂为任一包含羰基的化合物。
9.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述结构式(3)所示寡肽连接子中间体的反应路线为:
所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇以及氨基酸AA1经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物;
2)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-氨基酸缩合物和氨基酸AA2经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物;
3)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-二肽缩合物和氨基酸AA3经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物;
4)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-三肽缩合物和氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物;
5)将2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物和对氨基苯甲醇经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽-对氨基苯甲醇缩合物。
10.权利要求1所述结构式(4)所示寡肽连接子中间体的制备方法,所述方法的反应路线为:将羰基化试剂与2-(三甲硅基)乙醇依次与氨基酸AA1、氨基酸AA2、氨基酸AA3、氨基酸AA4经缩合反应得到2-(三甲硅基)乙氧羰基-四肽缩合物,其中所述的羰基化试剂为任一包含羰基的化合物。
14.根据权利要求6-11任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的AA1、AA2、AA3、AA4分别独立地选自-缬氨酸-(-Val-)、-瓜氨酸-(-Cit-)、-丙氨酸-(-Ala-)、-赖氨酸-(-Lys-)、-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Trt)-)、-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Lys(Mmt)-)、-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-精氨酸-(-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-(-Phe-)、-甘氨酸-(-Gly-)、-亮氨酸-(-Leu-)、-异亮氨酸-(-Ile-)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的-AA1-AA2-选自-缬氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Val-Cit-)、-缬氨酸-丙氨酸-(-Val-Ala-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Val-Lys-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Trt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Val-Lys(Mmt)-)、-缬氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Val-Lys(Fmoc)-)、-缬氨酸-精氨酸-(-Val-Arg-)、-苯丙氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Phe-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸-(-Phe-Lys-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Trt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(单甲氧基三苯甲基)-(-Phe-Lys(Mmt)-)、-苯丙氨酸-赖氨酸(芴氧羰基)-(-Phe-Lys(Fmoc)-)、亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Leu-Cit-)、异亮氨酸-瓜氨酸-(-Ile-Cit-)、-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-(-Phe-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-选自-苯丙氨酸-精氨酸-精氨酸-(-Ala-Arg-Arg-);所述的-AA1-AA2-AA3-AA4-选自-甘氨酸-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Gly-Phe-Gly-)、-甘氨酸-苯丙氨酸-亮氨酸-甘氨酸-(-Gly-Phe-Leu-Gly-),-丙氨酸-亮氨酸-丙氨酸-亮氨酸(-Ala-Leu-Ala-Leu-)。
19.权利要求6-18任一项所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述缩合反应所使用的溶剂为任一极性溶剂或非极性溶剂;优选的,所述的溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、DMAc、DMPU、HMPA、乙二醇二甲醚、乙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、叔丁醇、水、乙酸乙酯、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳的一种或几种;更优选的,所述的溶剂选自四氢呋喃、二氧六环、乙腈、DMF、DMSO、水、甲醇、二氯甲烷、氯仿、四氯化碳、乙醇的一种或几种。。
20.权利要求1-4任一项所述的中间体在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
21.权利要求6-19任一项所述的制备方法在制备抗体药物偶联物中的应用。
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WO2023078230A1 (zh) * | 2021-11-02 | 2023-05-11 | 烟台迈百瑞国际生物医药股份有限公司 | 一种包含sn38的抗体药物偶联物中间体及其制备方法 |
CN117624284A (zh) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-03-01 | 成都普康唯新生物科技有限公司 | 连接子的液相合成方法及其合成产物 |
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AU2019284038B1 (en) | 2021-01-07 |
CA3065644C (en) | 2021-11-02 |
JP7289799B2 (ja) | 2023-06-12 |
WO2021077317A1 (zh) | 2021-04-29 |
EP3838913A4 (en) | 2021-11-03 |
CA3065644A1 (en) | 2020-10-27 |
CN110945009B (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
US20230128167A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
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