CN110938085B - 一种轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110938085B CN110938085B CN201911225555.5A CN201911225555A CN110938085B CN 110938085 B CN110938085 B CN 110938085B CN 201911225555 A CN201911225555 A CN 201911225555A CN 110938085 B CN110938085 B CN 110938085B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D307/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D307/77—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D307/87—Benzo [c] furans; Hydrogenated benzo [c] furans
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D333/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D333/50—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having one sulfur atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with carbocyclic rings or ring systems
- C07D333/72—Benzo[c]thiophenes; Hydrogenated benzo[c]thiophenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
- H10K85/653—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom comprising only oxygen as heteroatom
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用,包括具有如式I所示结构的化合物。本发明提供的轴烯化合物为非平面结构(立体结构),分子间无堆叠,可以减少由高能激子产生的湮灭,促进阳极将空穴注入空穴传输层,避免了焦耳热的产生,避免了空穴传输层的分子发生堆栈和结晶,进而提高了器件的寿命;本发明提供的轴烯化合物热稳定性好,成膜性好,同样有利于提高器件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于有机电致发光领域,涉及一种轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
近年来,一些用于OLED器件的光电材料已日益为人所知,众所周知芳香二胺衍生物在OLED器件中作为空穴传输材料,使用该类材料时,需要提高器件施加电压以获得足够的发光亮度,这就造成器件寿命的缩短,并增加了耗电量。为解决这些问题,通过掺杂电子受体化合物可以使OLED器件中空穴注入和空穴传输得到显著改善(文献:He Gufeng,Appl.Phys.lett.85(2004)3911-3913)。在同样的发光效率下,其电子受体化合物的加入可以较大幅度的降低OLED器件工作电压;强的电子受体化合物诸如四氰基醌二甲烷(TCNQ)或2,3,5,6-四氟代-四氰基-1,4-苯醌二甲烷(F4TCNQ)。
对于改善空穴传输的方法(P掺杂),所用材料的物理性质在升华纯化或真空蒸镀过程中存在问题,其中涉及蒸发性极难控制的氟化的四氰基苯醌二甲烷(TCNQ或F4TCNQ),由于其分子量较小,升华过程中很容易扩散至设备中,导致污染设备或器件,以至于这类掺杂剂不能用于批量生产装置中,而且制备的器件寿命较短,不适合商业化应用。
CN103959392A公开了一种用于空穴注入和传输层的经改善的掺杂方法,包括在第一溶剂体系中将中性形式的至少一种第一化合物与至少一种离子掺杂剂反应,以提供第一掺杂反应产物;分离固体形式的第一掺杂反应产物;以及在第二溶剂体系中将分离的第一掺杂反应产物与中性形式的至少一种共轭聚合物结合,以形成包含共轭聚合物的氧化形式和第一化合物的中性形式的第二掺杂反应产物;该专利虽然具有较低的金属含量,但是其使用寿命仍然较短。CN102292839A公开了一种通过掺杂的空穴传输层改善的OLED稳定性以及有机发光器件,该器件包含阳极和阴极,第一有机层位于该阳极和该阴极之间,该第一有机层为包含第一有机发光材料的发光层,该器件还包含位于该阳极和该第一有机层之间的第二有机层,该第二有机层为非发光层,该第二有机层包含具有50至99wt%的浓度的有机小分子空穴传输材料,以及具有0.1至5wt%的浓度的有机小分子电子传输材料,该专利令OLED器件具有较高的稳定性,但是其发光效率较低。
因此,需要开发一种可以提高器件使用寿命,并且具有较高发光效率的掺杂材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用。
为达到此发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
第一方面,本发明提供了一种轴烯化合物,包括具有如式I所示结构的化合物:
其中,W选自O或S。
Y1、Y2各自独立地选自N或CR4。
R1、R2各自独立地选自氢、氘、氚、氰基、硝基、卤素、取代或未取代C1-C4的烷基、取代或未取代C2-C4的烯基、取代或未取代C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代C3-C30的杂芳基,或R1、R2连接成环,所述环为取代或未取代C4-C30的环烯基、取代或未取代C4-C30的环烯酮基、取代或未取代C4-C30的环烯硫酮基、取代或未取代C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代C3-C30的杂芳基;其中,“”指的是R1和R2可以相互连接形成环状结构。
所述C1-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C2-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C6-C30可以为C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
所述C3-C30可以为C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
所述C4-C30可以为C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
R3、R4各自独立地选自氢、氘、氚、氰基、硝基、卤素、取代或未取代C1-C4的烷基、取代或未取代C2-C4的烯基、取代或未取代C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代C3-C30的杂芳基,或R3、R4连接成环,所述环为取代或未取代C4-C30的环烯基、取代或未取代C6-C30的芳基、取代或未取代C3-C30的杂芳基。
所述C1-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C2-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C6-C30可以为C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
所述C3-C30可以为C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
所述C4-C30可以为C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18、C20、C22、C25、C28等。
n为0、1或2,优选2。
所述取代的基团选自氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、未取代或R5取代的C1-C4的烷基、未取代或R5取代的C2-C4的烯基、未取代或R5取代的C6-C20的芳基、未取代或R5取代的C2-C20的杂芳基,R5为氘、卤素、氰基、硝基。
所述C1-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C2-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C6-C20可以为C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18等。
所述C2-C20可以为C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18等。
本发明提供的轴烯化合物为非平面结构(立体结构),分子间无堆叠,可以减少由高能激子产生的湮灭,促进阳极将空穴注入空穴传输层,避免了焦耳热的产生,避免了空穴传输层的分子发生堆栈和结晶,进而提高了器件的寿命。
本发明提供的轴烯化合物热稳定性好,成膜性好,同样有利于提高器件的使用寿命。
优选地,所述卤素为氟。
在本发明对于R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、取代的基团的限定中的卤素,均优选为氟(F)。
优选地,在本发明的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、取代的基团中所述的芳基各自独立的选自苯基、联苯基、三联苯基、三亚苯基、四亚苯基、萘基、蒽基、萉基、菲基、芴基、芘基、苣基、苝基或薁基。
优选地,在本发明的R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、取代的基团中所述的杂芳基各自独立的选自二苯并噻吩基、二苯并呋喃基、二苯并硒吩基、呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、苯并噻吩基、苯并硒吩基、咔唑基、吲哚咔唑基、吡啶吲哚基、吡啶嘧啶基、吡咯并吡啶基、吡唑基、咪唑基、三唑基、恶唑基、噻唑基、恶二唑基、恶三唑基、二恶唑基、噻二唑基、吡啶基、哒嗪基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、三嗪基、恶嗪基、恶噻嗪基、恶二嗪基、吲哚基、苯并咪唑基、吲唑基、茚并嗪基、苯并恶唑基、苯并异恶唑基、苯并噻唑基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噌啉基、喹唑啉基、喹喔啉基、萘啶基、酞嗪基、蝶啶基、呫吨基、吖啶基、吩嗪基、吩噻嗪基、苯并噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并二吡啶基、苯并噻吩并吡啶基、噻吩并二吡啶基、苯并硒吩并吡啶基、硒苯并二吡啶基、邻菲啰啉基、吡嗪并吡嗪、噻吩酮基、苯并噻唑基、环烯酮或环烯硫酮;
环烯酮或环烯硫酮具有如下结构:
R6选自氢、氘、卤素、氰基、硝基、未取代或R5取代的C1-C4的烷基、未取代或R5取代的C2-C4的烯基、未取代或R5取代的C6-C20的芳基、未取代或R5取代的C2-C20的杂芳基,R5为氘、卤素、氰基、硝基。
所述C1-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C2-C4可以为C1、C2、C3或C4。
所述C6-C20可以为C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18等。
所述C2-C20可以为C4、C5、C6、C7、C8、C9、C10、C12、C15、C18等。
优选地,所述式I所示结构的化合物中不含氢原子。
当本发明提供的轴烯化合物中不包括氢原子时,制备过程无活泼氢,减少副反应的发生;以及当其作为掺杂材料制备OLED器件时,具有较低的工作电压和较高的电流效率,使用寿命较长。
优选地,所述轴烯化合物包括
第二方面,本发明提供了根据第一方面所述的轴烯化合物的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
所述Y1和/或Y2为CR4,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(2)步骤(1)得到的产物与四氯环丙烯在保护性气氛(氮气或惰性气体)、碱性条件(优选氢化锂、叔丁醇钾、叔丁醇钠、丁基锂提供碱性环境)下反应,得到所述轴烯化合物;
所述Y1和/或Y2为N,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
第三方面,本发明提供了一种P掺杂材料,包括第一方面所述的轴烯化合物。
第四方面,本发明提供了一种有机电致发光材料,包括第三方面所述的P掺杂材料。
优选地,在所述有机电致发光材料中,所述P掺杂材料的添加量为0.01-0.5wt%,例如0.02wt%、0.05wt%、0.08wt%、0.1wt%、0.2wt%、0.3wt%、0.4wt%等,优选为0.01-0.05wt%,例如0.02wt%、0.03wt%、0.04wt%。
第五方面,本发明提供了一种电子器件,包括第一方面所述的轴烯化合物。
优选地,所述电子器件包括有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池、有机光导体、有机晶体管或照明元件。
第六方面,本发明提供了一种根据第五方面所述的电子器件在显示装置或照明装置中的应用。
相对于现有技术,本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)本发明提供的轴烯化合物为非平面结构(立体结构),分子间无堆叠,可以减少由高能激子产生的湮灭,促进阳极将空穴注入空穴传输层,避免了焦耳热的产生,避免了空穴传输层的分子发生堆栈和结晶,进而提高了器件的寿命,同时本发明提供的轴烯化合物热稳定性好,成膜性好,同样有利于提高器件的使用寿命;
(2)当本发明提供的轴烯化合物中不包括氢原子时,制备过程中无副反应发生;以及当其作为掺杂材料制备OLED器件时,具有较低的工作电压和较高的电流效率,使用寿命较长;
(3)利用本发明提供的轴烯化合物制备得到的OLED器件具有较高的电流效率,较低的工作电压,较长的使用寿命,其中,电流效率在26.40cd/A以上,最高可达26.50cd/A以上,器件工作电压在4.70V以下,最低可达4.67V以下,使用寿命在51h以上,最高可达59h以上。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例1提供的OLED的结构示意图;
其中,1-阳极;2-空穴注入层;3-空穴传输层;4-发光层;5-电子传输层;6-电子注入层;7-阴极;8-基板。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了,所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明,不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
制备例1
一种轴烯化合物P1,制备方法如下:
(1)P1-B的合成:在25mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下加入P1-A(1.32g,0.01mol),丙二氰(0.66g,0.01mol),碳酸钾(2.07g,0.015mol),乙醇(10mL),室温下搅拌8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温后,加入5mL水淬灭,乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥、旋干,粗产物以层析纯化(二氯甲烷/正己烷的体积比,1/5),得P1-B(1.13g,产率63%)。
(2)P1-C的合成:在25mL三颈瓶中,加入P1-8(3.6g,0.02mol),硝酸(6mL),室温反应1小时,加水猝灭,碳酸钠调至pH为7,二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,粗产物以层析纯化(二氯甲烷/正己烷的体积比1/10),得P1-C(2.31g,产率65%)。
(3)P1-D的合成:在25mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下,加入P1-C(1.78g,0.01mol),二胺基顺丁烯二腈(1.08g,0.01mol),乙酸(10mL),40℃搅拌4h,反应完成后加水猝灭,水洗至pH值为7,二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,除去有机溶剂,粗产物用层析纯化(二氯甲烷/正己烷的体积比1:5),得P1-D(1.45g,产率58%)。
(4)P1的合成:在50mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下,加入P1-D(7.5g,0.03mol),四氢呋喃(10mL),四氯环丙烯(过中性氧化铝柱子提纯)(0.01mol),在-78℃条件下加入正丁基锂(0.03mol),加完后,在室温下搅拌过夜,反应完成后,将反应液缓慢倒入冰水中,水洗至pH为7,二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂;粗品进一步加入到氢溴酸(醋酸)和硝酸的混合酸(20mL)中,搅拌2h,反应完成后加水猝灭,产物用水洗至pH为7,粗产物用甲苯打浆1次,乙腈打浆1次,乙腈重结晶1次,得P1(3.43g,产率44%)。
元素分析:C36N18S3理论值:C,55.39、N,32.29;实测值:C,55.44、N,32.25;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:779.9715;实测值:779.9721。
制备例2
一种轴烯化合物P2,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P2,区别在于将步骤(3)中的二胺基顺丁烯二腈替换为顺-1,2-二氟乙烯-1,2-二胺(0.94g,0.01mol),得到P2(2.95g,产率40%)。
元素分析:C30N12F6S3理论值:C,48.79;N,22.76;实测值:C,48.84;N,22.72;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:737.9435;实测值:737.9428。
制备例3
一种轴烯化合物P5,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P5,区别在于将步骤(1)中的丙二腈替换为1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷(1.52g,0.01mol),将步骤(3)中的二胺基顺丁烯二腈替换为顺-1,2-二氟乙烯-1,2-二胺(0.94g,0.01mol),得到P5(3.78g,产率38%)。
元素分析:C30N6F24S3理论值:C,36.16;N,8.43;实测值:C,36.12;N,8.40;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:995.8963;实测值:995.8957。
制备例4
一种轴烯化合物P6,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P6,区别在于将步骤(1)中的丙二腈替换为1,1,1,3,3,3-六氟丙烷(1.52g,0.01mol),得到P6(4.67g,产率45%)。
元素分析:C36N12F18S3理论值:C,41.63;N,16.18;实测值:C,41.58;N,16.21;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:1037.9244;实测值:1037.9249。
制备例5
一种轴烯化合物P7,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P7,区别在于将步骤(1)中的丙二腈替换为1,2,3,4-四氟环戊-1,3-二烯(1.38g,0.01mol),得到P7(3.88g,产率39%)。
元素分析:C42N12F12S3理论值:C,50.61;N,16.86;实测值:C,50.65;N,16.84;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:995.9339;实测值:995.9331。
制备例6
一种轴烯化合物P12,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P12,区别在于将步骤(1)中的丙二腈替换为2-(全氟苯基)乙腈(2.07g,0.01mol),得到P12(4.57g,产率38%)。
元素分析:C51N15F15S3理论值:C,50.88;N,17.45;实测值:C,50.93;N,17.42;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:1202.9384;实测值:1202.9377。
制备例7
一种轴烯化合物P13,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备P13,区别在于将步骤(1)中的丙二腈替换为2-(4,6-二氟-1,3,5-三嗪-2-基)乙腈(1.56g,0.01mol),得到P13(3.57g,产率34%)。
元素分析:C42N24F6S3理论值:C,48.01;N,31.99;实测值:C,48.07;N,31.97;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:1049.9804;实测值:1049.9812。
制备例8
一种轴烯化合物P14,制备方法如下:
(1)在50mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下加入P14-A(1.5g,0.01mol),碳酸钾(2.07g,0.015mol),丙二腈(0.66g,0.01mol),乙醇(10mL),室温下搅拌8h,反应结束后,冷却至室温后,加入5mL水淬灭,乙酸乙酯(20mL×3)萃取,无水硫酸钠干燥,旋干,粗产物以层析纯化(二氯甲烷/正己烷的体积比,1/5),得P14-B(1.07g,产率54%)。
(2)P14的合成:在50mL三颈瓶中,氮气保护下加入P14-B(1.98g,0.01mol),四氢呋喃(10mL),四氯环丙烯(过中性氧化铝柱子提纯)(1.78g,0.01mol),在-78℃条件下加入正丁基锂(0.03mol),加完后,在室温下搅拌过夜,反应完成后,将反应液缓慢倒入冰水中,水洗至pH为7,二氯甲烷萃取,有机层用无水硫酸镁干燥,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂。粗品进一步加入到氢溴酸(醋酸)和硝酸的混合酸(20mL)中,搅拌1小时,反应完成后加水猝灭,产物用水洗至pH为7,粗产物用过层析柱(乙酸乙酯:正己烷的体积比=1:10),得P14(3.31g,产率53%)。
元素分析:C36H12N6S3理论值:C,69.22;N,13.45;实测值:C,69.17;N,13.49;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:624.0286;实测值:624.0294。
制备例9
一种轴烯化合物Q1,制备方法如下:
参考制备例1的制备方法制备Q1,区别在于将步骤(1)中的P1-A替换为Q1-A(1.16g,0.01mol),得到Q1(3.51g,产率48%)。
元素分析:C36N18O3理论值:C,59.03;N,34.42;实测值:C,59.09;N,34.48;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:732.0401;实测值:732.0409。
制备例10
一种轴烯化合物Q2,制备方法如下:
参考制备例2的制备方法制备Q2,区别在于将步骤(1)中的P1-A替换为Q1-A(1.16g,0.01mol),得到Q2(3.11g,产率45%)。
元素分析:C30F6N12O3理论值:C,52.19;N,24.35;实测值:C,52.24;N,24.32;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:690.0121;实测值:690.0124。
制备例11
一种轴烯化合物Q14,制备方法如下:
参考制备例8的制备方法制备Q14,区别在于将步骤(1)中的P14-A替换为Q14-A(苯并呋喃酮,1.34g,0.01mol),得到Q14(3.21g,产率51%)。
元素分析:C36H9F3N6O3理论值:C,68.58;N,13.33;实测值:C,68.55;N,13.35;HRMS(ESI)m/z(M+):理论值:630.0688;实测值:630.0694。
性能测试1
对制备例1-11提供的化合物进行性能表征,方法如下:
(1)热分解温度:使用热重分析仪(TGA美国TA TGA55)对样品进行热分解温度测试,测试范围室温至600℃,升温速率10℃/min,氮气氛围下,重量损失5%的温度定义为分解温度Td;
(2)能级测试:使用电化学工作站利用循环伏安法(CV上海辰华CHI-600E)对制备例提供的样品的HOMO与LUMO能级进行测试,以铂丝(Pt)为对电极,银/氯化银(Ag/AgCl)为参比电极。在氮气氛围下,在含有0.1M四丁基六氟磷酸铵的二氯甲烷电解液中以100mV/s的扫描速率进行测试,以二茂铁进行电位标定,设定二茂铁的电位在真空状态下的绝对能级为-4.8eV:
测试结果见表1:
表1
样品 | 化合物 | T<sub>d</sub>(℃) | LUMO(eV) |
制备例1 | P1 | 341 | -5.26 |
制备例2 | P2 | 347 | -5.16 |
制备例3 | P5 | 387 | -5.14 |
制备例4 | P6 | 412 | -5.18 |
制备例5 | P7 | 401 | -5.21 |
制备例6 | P12 | 432 | -5.27 |
制备例7 | P13 | 406 | -5.26 |
制备例8 | P14 | 327 | -5.07 |
制备例9 | Q1 | 337 | -5.24 |
制备例10 | Q2 | 342 | -5.18 |
制备例11 | Q14 | 321 | -5.07 |
在本发明提供的轴烯化合物作为P掺杂材料进行应用时,空穴传输层的HOMO能级需要与P掺杂材料的LUMO能级匹配,空穴传输材料的HOMO电子可以跳跃至P掺杂材料的LUMO能阶,在空穴传输层形成自由空穴,从而提高空穴传输层的导电度,因此,我们只需要判断本发明提供的轴烯化合物的LUMO能级是否合适,LUMO能级合适的材料能帮助低功函数的阳极有效注入空穴,还可以防止漏电流的产生。
由制备例和性能测试可知,本发明提供的轴烯化合物的热稳定性好,LUMO能级较低;其中,热分解温度在325℃以上,最高可达340℃以上;LUMO能级在-5.07eV以下,最低可达-5.27eV。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种OLED器件,如图1所示,在基板8上由下到上依次包括阳极1、空穴注入层2(10nm)、空穴传输层3(150nm)、发光层4(40nm)、电子传输层5(30nm)、电子注入层6(1nm)和阴极7(15nm)。
其中,阳极材料选用ITO;空穴注入层材料选用掺杂了8wt%的制备例1提供的化合物P1的空穴传输层材料选用有机发光层材料选用5wt%Ir(piq)3:CBP;电子传输层材料选用BPhen:LiQ=1:1(质量比);电子注入层材料选用LiQ;阴极材料选用Mg:Ag=9:1(质量比);
制备方法如下:
(1)基板清理:将涂布了ITO透明电极基板在水性清洗剂(所述水性清洗剂的成分及浓度:乙二醇类溶剂≤10wt%,三乙醇胺≤1wt%)中超声处理,在去离子水中冲洗,在丙酮:乙醇混合溶剂(体积比1:1)中超声除油,在洁净环境下烘烤至完全除去水份,然后用紫外光和臭氧清洗。
(2)蒸镀有机发光功能层
把上述带有阳极层的玻璃基片置于真空腔内,抽真空至1×10-6至2×10-4Pa,共蒸方式蒸镀空穴注入层,掺杂材料蒸镀速率为0.01nm/s,主体材料的蒸镀速度为0.09nm/s,蒸镀总厚度为10nm;
在空穴注入层之上蒸镀空穴传输层,蒸镀速率为0.1nm/s,蒸镀膜厚为150nm;
在空穴传输层之上以共蒸的方式真空蒸镀发光层,主体材料蒸镀速率为0.09nm/s,掺杂染料蒸镀速率为0.01nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为40nm;
在发光层之上以共蒸的方式真空蒸镀电子传输层,BPhen蒸镀速率为0.05nm/s,LiQ蒸镀速率为0.05nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为30nm;
在电子传输层上真空蒸镀电子注入层LiQ,其蒸镀速率为0.05nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为1nm;
在电子注入层蒸镀Mg、Ag作为器件的阴极层,以共蒸的方式真空蒸镀,Mg蒸镀速率为0.09nm/s,Ag蒸镀速率为0.01nm/s,蒸镀总膜厚为15nm,得到OLED器件。
实施例2-11
与实施例1的区别在于,将制备例1提供的化合物P1替换为制备例2-11提供的化合物。
对比例1
对比例2
与实施例1的区别在于,将制备例1提供的化合物P1替换为:
对比例3
与实施例1的区别在于,将制备例1提供的化合物P1替换为:
性能测试2:
对实施例1-11和对比例1-2提供的OLED器件进行性能测试,方法如下:
器件的电流、电压、亮度、寿命等特性采用PR 650光谱扫描亮度计和Keithley K2400数字源表系统同步测试;
测试条件:电流密度为10mA/cm2,温度为25℃。
测试结果见表2:
表2
由实施例和性能测试可知,利用本发明提供的轴烯化合物制备得到的OLED器件具有较高的电流效率,较低的工作电压,较长的使用寿命,其中,电流效率在26.40cd/A以上,最高可达26.50cd/A以上,器件工作电压在4.70V以下,最低可达4.67V以下,使用寿命在51h以上,最高可达59h以上。
由实施例1和对比例1-2的对比可知,本发明提供的轴烯化合物具有更低的工作电压和更高的电流密度,且其使用寿命较长。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的轴烯化合物及其制备方法和应用,但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (12)
2.根据权利要求1所述的轴烯化合物,其特征在于,所述卤素为氟。
3.根据权利要求1所述的轴烯化合物,其特征在于,所述式I所示结构的化合物中不含氢原子。
5.根据权利要求1所述的轴烯化合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述Y1和/或Y2为CR4,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(2)步骤(1)得到的产物与四氯环丙烯在保护性气氛、碱性条件下反应,得到所述轴烯化合物的中间体;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的中间体化合物加入到氢溴酸和硝酸的混合酸中,进行消除、重排反应,得到所述轴烯化合物;
所述Y1和/或Y2为N,所述制备方法包括如下步骤:
(C)将步骤(B)得到的中间体化合物加入到氢溴酸和硝酸的混合酸中,进行消除、重排反应,得到所述轴烯化合物。
6.一种P掺杂材料,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的轴烯化合物。
7.一种有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,包括权利要求6所述的P掺杂材料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,在所述有机电致发光材料中,所述P掺杂材料的添加量为0.01-0.5wt%。
9.根据权利要求7所述的有机电致发光材料,其特征在于,在所述有机电致发光材料中,所述P掺杂材料的添加量为0.01-0.05wt%。
10.一种电子器件,其特征在于,包括权利要求1所述的轴烯化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电子器件,其特征在于所述电子器件包括有机太阳能电池、有机光导体、有机晶体管或照明元件。
12.根据权利要求10所述的电子器件在显示装置或照明装置中的应用。
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