CN110931600A - 一种hacl太阳电池的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:(1)对硅片表面进行去除损伤层和清洗处理;(2)以硅片作为基底其两面制备相同掺杂类型的重掺杂晶体硅层;(3)双面减反射钝化层制备;(4)双面按照细金属栅线的图案进行开槽;(5)表面清洗;(6)依次沉积本征非晶硅钝化层和重掺杂非晶硅层;(7)金属栅线制备;(8)去除栅线覆盖区域之外区域的非晶硅薄膜。本发明实现了HACL结构双面太阳电池的制备,且技术方案适宜大规模批量生产;同时本发明先完成全表面的镀膜再制备金属栅线,使得金属栅线在其基本作用外还起到了掩膜的作用,保护需要的非晶硅膜层,实现了非晶硅膜层的局域化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于太阳电池和半导体器件领域,涉及晶体硅太阳电池的制造技术,具体涉及一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法。
背景技术
对于地面用太阳电池,双面进光的结构实际发电量高于同等标称功率的单面进光太阳电池的认识已经被行业普遍接受。目前主流的双面进光太阳电池均是以n型晶体硅片为基底的。一种是基于pn同质结结构的n-PERT结构,特点是短路电流大,开路电压低;另一类是基于pn异质结结构的,以HIT结构为代表,特点是短路电流小,开路电压高。如何提高前者的开路电压和提高后者的短路电流一直是难点,也是业内努力的方向。如能结合二者的特点,发明一种新的结构,同时获得高短路电流、高开路电压的优点,有望进一步提高双面晶体硅太阳电池的性能。
南昌大学科研团队提出了“局域化结”的理念,以此优化晶体硅太阳电池的结构,有望获得即具有HIT高开路电压又具有PERT高短路电流特性的的高性能太阳电池,并申请了中国发明专利(申请号:201810198904.8),该结构简称为HACL(请参考:arXiv.org>physics>arXiv:1906.06010.2019-07)。该结构很特殊,尽管性能很好,但如何实现,如何能够以低成本的适宜规模生产的技术实现是个难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足与难题,本发明的主要目的是提供一种适宜规模生产的HACL结构太阳电池的制备技术。
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,包括依次进行的以下步骤:
步骤(1)对硅片两表面进行处理,采用制绒或者化学抛光处理等方法去除损伤层并进行清洗;
步骤(2)双面重掺杂晶体硅层制备,以硅片作为基底,采用扩散法在其两面制备相同掺杂类型的重掺杂晶体硅层;
步骤(3)双面减反射钝化层制备,在硅片两面的重掺杂晶体硅层上采用PECVD(是指等离子体增强化学的气相沉积法)等方法制备氮化硅作为减反射钝化层,并在PEVD制备结束后对硅片进行快速热处理,以增强氮化硅薄膜的致密性和钝化效果;
步骤(4)双面开槽,在硅片的两表面按照细金属栅线的图案进行开槽,在两面上形成若干组凹槽,并去除凹槽相应位置上的氮化硅以及其下面的重掺杂晶体硅层;
步骤(5)表面清洗,采用RCA清洗工艺结合氢氟酸去除自然氧化层的方式对双面开槽后的硅片表面进行清洗;
步骤(6)非晶硅薄膜沉积,在硅片其中一面的减反射钝化层、凹槽内均依次沉积本征非晶硅钝化层和重掺杂p型非晶硅层;在硅片另外一面的减反射钝化层、凹槽内依次沉积本征非晶硅钝化层和重掺杂n型非晶硅层;
步骤(7)金属栅线制备,在凹槽处制备金属栅线,以Ni/Cu/Ag或者Ti/Ag复合膜层结构作为导电细栅线;
步骤(8)去除金属栅线覆盖区域之外区域的非晶硅薄膜,以稀碱溶液(是指质量百分比5%以下的碱性溶液)浸泡的方式去除金属栅线覆盖区域之外的非晶硅薄膜。
进一步,为降低金属栅线的技术难度,在步骤(7)制备金属栅线前,在硅片两表面减反射钝化层和凹槽内均沉积一层5-100nm厚的TCO材料;在金属栅线制备完成后,采用稀酸浸泡的方式去除金属栅线覆盖区域之外的TCO材料。
进一步地,步骤(2)中重掺杂晶体硅层为n型,其厚度为5-50nm。
进一步地,步骤(4)采用丝网印刷刻蚀剂进行刻蚀,或者紫外激光开槽,或者光刻结合湿化学法刻蚀的方案进行开槽。
进一步,步骤(6)中的本征非晶硅薄膜和重掺杂非晶硅薄膜的沉积采用热丝化学气相沉积法完成,其中本征非晶硅薄膜的厚度为5-15nm,重掺杂p型非晶硅薄膜和重掺杂n型非晶硅薄膜的厚度为10-20nm。
进一步,步骤(8)中稀碱溶液采用有机碱。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果包括:
(1)本发明实现了HACL结构双面太阳电池的制备,且技术方案适宜大规模批量生产。
(2)本发明解决了HACL结构制备过程中非晶硅膜层的局域化结构的实现难题,一般此类结构的实现方案是提前对不需要镀膜的区域制备掩膜,然后在镀膜完成后通过去除掩膜的方式实现,而本发明反其道行之,先完成全表面的镀膜,然后制备金属栅线,使得金属栅线在其基本作用外还起到了掩膜的作用,保护需要的非晶硅膜层,如此则简便的实现了非晶硅膜层的局域化。
附图说明
图1为本发明中步骤(1)去除损伤层后硅片结构示意图;
图2为本发明中步骤(2)双面扩散形成重掺杂晶体硅层后的硅片结构示意图;
图3为本发明中步骤(3)双面沉积氮化硅后的硅片结构示意图;
图4为本发明中步骤(4)氮化硅和重掺杂晶体硅层开槽后的硅片结构示意图;
图5为本发明中步骤(6)双面沉积本征和重掺杂非晶硅层后的硅片结构示意图;
图6为本发明中步骤(7)制备金属栅线后的硅片结构示意图;
图7为本发明中步骤(8)去除表面多余的非晶硅膜层后的最终太阳电池构示意图。
图示说明:1-硅片,2-重掺杂晶体硅层,3-减反射钝化层,4-凹槽,5-本征非晶硅钝化层,6-重掺杂p型非晶硅层,7-重掺杂n型非晶硅层,8-金属栅线。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1
一种HACL太阳电池,其制备主要工艺步骤如下:
第一步:硅片1表面处理,去除损伤层后对硅片1两表面进行制绒,并进行清洗;
第二步:双面重掺杂晶体硅层制备,采用离子注入结合热处理改性的方法在硅片1的两面各制备一层20nm厚的n型重掺杂晶体硅层2,掺杂浓度为5×1019cm-3;
第三步:双面减反射钝化层制备,以PECVD法在硅片两面的重掺杂晶体硅层2上各沉积一层120nm厚的氮化硅薄膜,两面各形成一层减反射钝化层3,然后采用链式热处理炉进行750℃,10s的快速热处理改性;
第四步:双面开槽,采用丝网印刷刻蚀剂的方法将硅片的两个表面按照40μm宽的细栅线宽度进行开槽,在两面上形成若干组凹槽4,刻蚀掉栅线区域减反射钝化层3的氮化硅和重掺杂晶体硅层2,刻蚀后对表面的刻蚀剂残留进行化学清洗;
第五步:表面清洗,采用槽式清洗机,对开槽后的硅片依次经过浓碱抛平,SC1清洗、SC2清洗,氢氟酸浸泡后采用热氮气干燥;
第六步:非晶硅薄膜沉积,采用热丝CVD的方法在硅片的一个表面的减反射钝化层3、凹槽4内均依次沉积厚度为8nm的本征非晶硅钝化层5和厚度为15nm的重掺杂n型非晶硅层7;然后在硅片的另外一面的减反射钝化层3、凹槽4内采用热丝CVD的方法均依次沉积一层厚度为8nm的本征非晶硅钝化层5和厚度为15nm的重掺杂p型非晶硅层6;
第七步:金属栅线8制备,采用化学镀结合电化学镀的方法制备Ni/Cu/Ag复合膜层结构作为导电细栅线;
第八步:去除金属栅线8覆盖区域之外区域的非晶硅薄膜,以有机碱稀溶液浸泡的方式去除栅线覆盖区域之外的非晶硅薄膜。
实施例2
一种HACL太阳电池,其制备主要工艺步骤如下:
第一步:硅片1表面处理,对作为基底的硅片1的表面去除损伤层后,再对硅片1两表面进行化学抛光,并进行清洗;
第二步:双面重掺杂晶体硅层制备,采用固态源扩散的方法在硅片1的两面各制备一层5nm厚的n型重掺杂晶体硅层2,掺杂浓度为1×1020cm-3。
第三步:双面减反射钝化层制备,以PECVD法在硅片两面的重掺杂晶体硅层2各沉积一层80nm厚的氮化硅薄膜,进而两面各形成一层减反射钝化层3,然后采用链式热处理炉进行650℃,20s的快速热处理改性;
第四步:双面开槽,采用紫外激光刻蚀的方法将硅片的两个表面按照30μm宽的细栅线宽度进行开槽,在两面上形成若干组凹槽4,刻蚀掉栅线区域的减反射钝化层3氮化硅和重掺杂晶体硅层2,刻蚀后对表面的刻蚀剂残留进行化学清洗。
第五步:表面清洗,采用槽式清洗机,对开槽后的硅片依次经过浓碱抛平,SC1清洗、SC2清洗,氢氟酸浸泡后采用热空气干燥;
第六步:非晶硅薄膜沉积,采用PECVD法在硅片的一个表面的减反射钝化层3、凹槽4内均依次沉积厚度为10nm的本征非晶硅和厚度为10nm的n型非晶硅;然后在硅片的另外一面减反射钝化层3、凹槽4内采用PECVD法均依次沉积一层厚度为5nm的本征非晶硅和厚度为20m的p型非晶硅。
第七步:金属栅线8制备。在硅片的两个表面减反射钝化层3和凹槽4内各沉积一层50nm后的ITO薄膜,然后采用光刻胶掩膜并化学镀结合电化学镀的方法制备Ti/Ag复合膜层结构作为导电细栅线。
第八步:去除金属栅线8覆盖区域之外区域的非晶硅薄膜和多余的ITO薄膜。以先稀盐酸,再有机碱稀溶液浸泡的方式去除栅线覆盖区域之外的ITO薄膜和非晶硅薄膜。
以上所述仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形、改进及替代,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (6)
1.一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于,包括依次进行的以下步骤:
步骤(1)对硅片两表面进行处理,去除损伤层并进行清洗;
步骤(2)双面重掺杂晶体硅层制备,以所述硅片作为基底,在其两面制备相同掺杂类型的重掺杂晶体硅层;
步骤(3)双面减反射钝化层制备,在硅片两面的所述重掺杂晶体硅层上采用PECVD方法制备氮化硅作为减反射钝化层,并在PEVD制备结束后对所述硅片进行快速热处理;
步骤(4)双面开槽,在所述硅片的两表面按照细金属栅线的图案进行开槽,在两面上形成若干组的凹槽,并去除所述凹槽相应位置上的氮化硅以及其下面的重掺杂晶体硅层;
步骤(5)表面清洗,采用RCA清洗工艺结合氢氟酸去除自然氧化层的方式对双面开槽后的硅片表面进行清洗;
步骤(6)非晶硅薄膜沉积,在硅片其中一面的减反射钝化层、凹槽内均依次沉积本征非晶硅钝化层和重掺杂p型非晶硅层;在硅片另外一面的减反射钝化层、凹槽内依次沉积本征非晶硅钝化层和重掺杂n型非晶硅层;
步骤(7)金属栅线制备,在所述凹槽处制备金属栅线,以Ni/Cu/Ag或者Ti/Ag复合膜层结构作为导电细栅线;
步骤(8)去除所述金属栅线覆盖区域之外区域的非晶硅薄膜,以稀碱溶液浸泡的方式去除所述金属栅线覆盖区域之外的非晶硅薄膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于:在所述步骤(7)制备金属栅线前,在硅片两表面减反射钝化层和凹槽内均沉积一层5-100nm厚的TCO材料;在金属栅线制备完成后,采用稀酸浸泡的方式去除金属栅线覆盖区域之外的TCO材料。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中所述重掺杂晶体硅层为n型,其厚度为5-50nm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(4)采用丝网印刷刻蚀剂进行刻蚀,或者紫外激光开槽,或者光刻结合湿化学法刻蚀的方案进行开槽。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)中的本征非晶硅薄膜和重掺杂非晶硅薄膜的沉积采用热丝化学气相沉积法完成,其中所述本征非晶硅薄膜的厚度为5-15nm,所述重掺杂p型非晶硅薄膜和所述重掺杂n型非晶硅薄膜的厚度为10-20nm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种HACL太阳电池的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(8)中稀碱溶液采用有机碱。
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