CN110922192A - 一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料 - Google Patents

一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料 Download PDF

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CN110922192A
CN110922192A CN201911133198.XA CN201911133198A CN110922192A CN 110922192 A CN110922192 A CN 110922192A CN 201911133198 A CN201911133198 A CN 201911133198A CN 110922192 A CN110922192 A CN 110922192A
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cubic boron
boron nitride
nitride
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李志宏
朱玉梅
纪焕丽
孙坤
姜紫凌
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Tianjin University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其原料组成及质量百分比含量为60~90wt%立方氮化硼粉体、10~40wt%添加剂。先按照硼化物、氮化物、碳氮化物在添加剂的总量中各占质量比均不少于20%的比例配制添加剂,再按比例与立方氮化硼粉体混合均匀,经烘干、过筛、筛松,再投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在1450~1700℃高温及5~10GPa高压条件下完成成型与烧结,再用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状,制成聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料。本发明抗弯强度为700~900MPa;维氏硬度为45~70GPa,断裂韧性为7~10MPam1/2,在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1200~2000米。

Description

一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料
技术领域
本发明属于一种以成分为特征的陶瓷组合物,具体涉及一种用于航空航天领域难加工材料的聚晶立方氮化硼(PcBN)刀具材料。
背景技术
随着航空航天技术的发展及更高、更快、更安全、更经济指标的提高,航空航天领域新材料不断涌现,对材料的加工也提出了更高的要求。尤其是高温合金如镍合金、钛合金及碳纤维材料应用的扩大,给航空航天材料的加工提出了更高的要求。这三大类航空航天材料都属于难加工材料,原有的刀具已难以满足其加工需求。镍合金、钛合金及碳纤维材料在切削加工时,切削力大,切削热高,不易断屑,刀具容易粘屑,切削质量不易保证,因此不仅允许的切削速度低,刀具寿命也低。对于航空航天上的难加工材料不仅要求刀具本身硬度高、耐磨,而且热导率要高,自身有一定的润滑,与被加工材料粘附力低,使用寿命长等,从而保证切削质量、切削效率和切削寿命。而立方氮化硼(cBN)材料是工业化的超硬材料,不仅硬度高,而且导热性好,使用过程中不予金属发生反应,粘性低,在合适添加剂作用下,制备成高密度聚晶cBN材料,可以满足难加工材料的切削要求。
已有的聚晶cBN刀具基本都是采用金属添加剂在高温高压下制备,而金属添加剂的cBN刀具在难加工材料的切削过程中,由于金属的存在,容易造成粘屑,耐热性低等。而其它添加剂又难以形成结合相。本发明为了克服上述弱点,采用的添加剂为硅化物、碳氮化物及硼化物,在高温高压下复合添加剂和cBN形成了很好的键联结合相,纯无机相的结合既保证了刀具材料的硬度、强度、耐热性,而且在高温下与金属的粘性低,也满足了难加工材料的切削质量、切削效率和切削寿命要求。
发明内容
本发明的目的,在于克服现有金属添加剂的聚晶cBN刀具在难加工材料的切削过程中,容易造成粘屑,耐热性低等缺点,提供一种以硅化物、碳氮化物及硼化物于高温高压下复合添加剂的用于航空航天领域难加工材料的聚晶cBN刀具材料。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:
一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其原料组成及质量百分比含量为60~90wt%立方氮化硼粉体、10~40wt%添加剂;
所述立方氮化硼粉体由粒度为0.1~14μm中至少2种不同粒度级配按任意比例构成;
所述添加剂由氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化钛、氮化锆,氮化钒、氮化铪、氮化铌、氮化钽、氮化铬及氮化钼中的一种氮化物,硼化钛、硼化锆、硼化铪、硼化钒、硼化铌、硼化钽、硼化钼、硼化钨及硼化硅中的一种硼化物,与碳氮化钛及碳氮化锆中的一种碳氮化物构成;
添加剂粉体平均粒度小于0.5μm,硼化物、氮化物、碳氮化物在添加剂的总量中各占质量比均不少于20%。
上述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的制备方法,具有以下步骤:
(1)按照硼化物、氮化物、碳氮化物在添加剂的总量中各占质量比均不少于20%的比例
配制添加剂,添加剂粉体粒度≤0.5μm,在球磨机上干混均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,按照60~90wt%立方氮化硼粉体、10~40wt%添加剂的比例加入到立方氮化硼中,在球磨机上无水乙醇湿混均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料于60~80℃烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松;
(5)将步骤(4)的筛松原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在1450~1700℃高温及5~10GPa高压条件下完成成型与烧结;再将高温高压成型与烧结后的聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状。
所述步骤(1)的原料与氧化锆球的质量比为0.5~1︰1。
所述步骤(2)的原料与氧化锆球之比为0.5~1︰1,乙醇量保证料球充分分散即可。
所述步骤(4)是在1550℃高温6GPa高压条件下完成成型与烧结。
所述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的抗弯强度为700~900MPa;维氏硬度为45~70GPa;断裂韧性为7~10MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1200~2000米。
本发明的有益效果在于,提供了一种用于航空航天领域难加工材料的聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,大大提高了难加工材料的切削效率和切削质量。本发明聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料性能达到:抗弯强度:700~900MPa;维氏硬度:45~70GPa;断裂韧性:7~10MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1200~2000米。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步的解释说明,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此。
实施例1
(1)氮化钛粉:硼化铌粉:碳氮化锆粉按1:1:2称取40克,放入尼龙罐,氧化锆球按2倍料量放入,在威力球磨机干混5小时,制得添加剂粉体,平均粒度为0.5μm。
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,加入到60克立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配:粒度比0.1μm:10μm=质量份数20:40)中,在威力球磨机上氧化锆球按2倍料量放入,加入无水乙醇保证料球充分分散即可,湿混6小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料在低温干燥箱中于60℃烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松。
(5)将步骤(4)筛松后的原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在10GPa压力,1450℃温度下,高温高压压制成型并烧结成块体,再用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状,制成聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料。
(6)该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料性能测试结果为:抗弯强度:700MPa;维氏硬度:55GPa;断裂韧性:7.1MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削镍合金1200米。
实施例2
(1)氮化铝粉:硼化锆粉:碳氮化钛粉按2:1:2称取10克,放入尼龙罐,氧化锆球按1.5倍料量放入,在威力球磨机干混5小时,制得添加剂粉体,平均粒度为0.5μm。
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,加入到90克立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配:粒度比0.2μm:8μm:14μm=质量份数30:40:20)中,在威力球磨机上氧化锆球按2倍料量放入,加入无水乙醇保证料球充分分散即可,湿混8小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料在低温干燥箱中于80℃烘干。
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松。
(5)将步骤(4)筛松后的原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在5GPa压力,1700℃温度下,高温高压压制成型并烧结成块体,再用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状,制成聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料。
(6)该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料性能测试结果为:抗弯强度:800MPa;维氏硬度:60GPa;断裂韧性:10MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削钛合金1350米。
实施例3
(1)氮化钼粉:硼化钛粉:碳氮化锆粉按2:1:1称取20克,放入尼龙罐,氧化锆球按1倍料量放入,在威力球磨机干混5小时,制得添加剂粉体,平均粒度为0.5μm。
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,加入到80克立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配:粒度比0.5μm:4μm=质量份数30:50)中,在威力球磨机上氧化锆球按2倍料量放入,加入无水乙醇保证料球充分分散即可,湿混7小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料在低温干燥箱中于70℃烘干。
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松。
(5)将步骤(4)筛松后的原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在6GPa压力,1600℃温度下,高温高压压制成型并烧结成块体,再用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状,制成聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料。
(6)该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料性能测试结果为:抗弯强度:850MPa;维氏硬度:70GPa;断裂韧性:8.5MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削碳纤维材料2000米。
实施例4
(1)氮化铌粉:硼化铪粉:碳氮化钛粉按1:1:1称取15克,放入尼龙罐,氧化锆球按1.5倍料量放入,在威力球磨机干混5小时,制得添加剂粉体,平均粒度为0.5μm。
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,加入到已称量好85克立方氮化硼(立方氮化硼级配:粒度比1μm:5μm=质量份数60:25)中,在威力球磨机上氧化锆球按2倍料量放入,加入无水乙醇保证料球充分分散即可,湿混7小时。
(3)将步骤(2)湿混的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料在低温干燥箱中于80℃烘干。
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松。
(5)将步骤(4)筛松后的原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在6GPa压力,1550℃温度下,高温高压压制成型并烧结成块体,再用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状,制成聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料。
(6)该聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料性能测试结果为:抗弯强度:900MPa;维氏硬度:70GPa;断裂韧性:10MPam1/2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削镍基合金材料2000米。

Claims (5)

1.一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其原料组成及质量百分比含量为60~90wt%立方氮化硼粉体、10~40wt%添加剂;
所述立方氮化硼粉体由粒度为0.1~14μm中至少2种不同粒度级配按任意比例构成;
所述添加剂由氮化铝、氮化硅、氮化钛、氮化锆,氮化钒、氮化铪、氮化铌、氮化钽、氮化铬及氮化钼中的一种氮化物,硼化钛、硼化锆、硼化铪、硼化钒、硼化铌、硼化钽、硼化钼、硼化钨及硼化硅中的一种硼化物,与碳氮化钛及碳氮化锆中的一种碳氮化物构成;
添加剂粉体平均粒度≤0.5μm,硼化物、氮化物、碳氮化物在添加剂的总量中各占质量比均不少于20%。
上述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的制备方法,具有以下步骤:
(1)按照硼化物、氮化物、碳氮化物在添加剂的总量中各占质量比均不少于20%的比例
配制添加剂,添加剂粉体粒度小于0.5μm,在球磨机上干混均匀;
(2)将步骤(1)充分混合的添加剂,按照60~90wt%立方氮化硼粉体、10~40wt%添加剂的比例加入到立方氮化硼中,在球磨机上无水乙醇湿混均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)湿混均匀的立方氮化硼、添加剂混合料于60~80℃烘干;
(4)将步骤(3)的烘干原料过120目筛,筛松;
(5)将步骤(4)的筛松原料投入石墨模具,外套叶蜡石,然后放入六面顶压机,在1450~1700℃高温及5~10GPa高压条件下完成成型与烧结;再将高温高压成型与烧结后的聚晶立方氮化硼块体刀具材料用激光切割成需要的尺寸与形状。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其特征在于,所述步骤(1)的原料与氧化锆球的质量比为0.5~1︰1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)的原料与氧化锆球之比为0.5~1︰1,乙醇量保证料球充分分散即可。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其特征在于,所述步骤(4)是在1550℃高温6GPa高压条件下完成成型与烧结。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料,其特征在于,所述聚晶立方氮化硼刀具材料的抗弯强度为700~900MPa;维氏硬度为45~70GPa;断裂韧性为7~10MPam1 /2;在150m/min的切削速度下可以切削1200~2000米。
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