CN110915543A - Planting method of agaricus bisporus - Google Patents
Planting method of agaricus bisporus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110915543A CN110915543A CN201911245579.7A CN201911245579A CN110915543A CN 110915543 A CN110915543 A CN 110915543A CN 201911245579 A CN201911245579 A CN 201911245579A CN 110915543 A CN110915543 A CN 110915543A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Mycology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method of agaricus bisporus, which comprises the steps of preparing a cultivation material, sowing, spawn running, earthing, cultivating, harvesting and the like, and also discloses a formula of the cultivation material, which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of grass, 70-80 parts of cow dung, 2-5 parts of lime, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake, 0.1-1.0 part of urea, 0.5-2.0 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2.0 parts of gypsum; the process of the invention utilizes the idle time, the needed infrastructure is simple, the cultivation process is easy to control, the temperature, the illumination and the humidity are controlled by scientific management equipment, the investment is less, and the benefit is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting, in particular to a planting method of agaricus bisporus.
Background
The hypha of the agaricus bisporus is silvery white, the growth speed is relatively fast, the pileus is thick, the agaricus bisporus is not easy to open, the stipe is thick and straight and short, the mushroom flesh is white, the tissue is solid, the agaricus bisporus is one of the most common edible strains, and the meat quality is thick. The Agaricus bisporus contains various amino acids and vitamins, has effects of lowering blood pressure, inhibiting deoxyribonucleic acid, and inhibiting tumor cell activity in medicine.
At present, with the improvement of health preservation concept of people, the demand of the agaricus bisporus with rich nutrition is sharply increased, but the agaricus bisporus planting method is relatively laggard, the proportion of culture materials is unreasonable, the planting process is unreasonable, the dependence on natural environment is high, the manpower input is high, the temperature of a mushroom house is not uniform, the yield of the agaricus bisporus is low, the quality of the planted agaricus bisporus is uneven, the market supply of the agaricus bisporus is insufficient, and the agaricus bisporus is not beneficial to the long-term development of edible mushroom industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the method for planting the agaricus bisporus, which is environment-friendly, stable and efficient.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a planting method of agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material: cutting grass into small sections, spreading the small sections in a greenhouse, treating the small sections with lime water, piling the small sections into a grass pile, and standing the grass pile for 12 hours to heat the grass pile to 40-50 ℃; adding cow dung, vegetable cake, urea, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum into the grass heap, stirring, piling again, fermenting for 24-30 hours, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 55-65 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 24-30 hours;
(2) sowing: erecting a culture frame, an artificial light source, an air conditioner and a humidifier in a greenhouse, then flatly paving the fermented culture material on the culture frame, wherein the thickness of a culture medium is 5-8 cm, and uniformly sowing strains on the culture material in a hole sowing manner;
(3) spawn running: covering a layer of film on the culture material after sowing, setting the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 95-99%, and keeping for 14-15 days;
(4) and (3) covering soil: covering soil when the fermented material is overgrown with mycelia, selecting pathogen-free and nutritious farmland soil and mushroom bran to mix proportionally, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is about 2cm, the PH value is between 7 and 8, keeping for 10 days, and ventilating in a proper amount during the covering soil period;
(5) cultivation: the average illumination intensity in the planting area reaches 300-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom buds grow to about 4cm, taking the mushroom cap by hand during mushroom harvesting, slightly rotating and lifting to avoid taking out a large amount of covering soil to damage hyphae and small mushroom buds on the edge, and spraying primary water on the surface of the covering soil by using a spraying pot after the small mushroom buds are reserved after the large mushroom buds are harvested, so as to keep the soil layer moist to ensure that the secondary mushrooms are obtained.
Preferably, in the step (1), the cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of grass, 70-80 parts of cow dung, 2-5 parts of lime, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake, 0.1-1.0 part of urea, 0.5-2.0 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2.0 parts of gypsum.
Preferably, in step (1), the fermentation period is ventilated once every 4 hours to remove harmful gases generated by the fermentation.
Preferably, in step (2), 0.5 kg of strain is sown per square, the plate is compacted, and the tightness is moderate.
Preferably, in step (3), the period of germination is ventilated for 1 hour per day.
Preferably, in the step (4), the average illumination intensity in the planting area during the earthing period is 500-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light; controlling the temperature in the planting area to be 24-28 ℃ under illumination, the temperature in the absence of illumination to be 10-15 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-60%, and ventilating for 1 hour every day during the earthing period.
Preferably, in the step (4), the mixing ratio of the farmland soil and the mushroom bran is 6: 5, 1200kg of farmland soil and 1000kg of fungus chaff are used per 30 square meters of planting area.
Preferably, in the step (5), the temperature in the planting area is controlled to be 20-24 ℃ under the condition of illumination, 10-15 ℃ under the condition of no illumination and 40-50% of humidity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the cultivation method has the advantages that the planting is carried out in a slack season, needed infrastructure is simple, the cultivation process is easy to control, the temperature and the illumination are controlled and the humidity is kept through scientific management equipment, the investment is low, and the benefit is high.
Detailed Description
In order to make the content of the present invention more clearly understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below.
A planting method of agaricus bisporus comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material: cutting grass into small sections, spreading the small sections in a greenhouse, treating the small sections with lime water, piling the small sections into a grass pile, and standing the grass pile for 12 hours to heat the grass pile to 40-50 ℃; adding cow dung, vegetable cake, urea, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum into the grass heap, stirring, piling again, fermenting for 24-30 hours, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 55-65 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 24-30 hours;
the cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of grass, 70-80 parts of cow dung, 2-5 parts of lime, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake, 0.1-1.0 part of urea, 0.5-2.0 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2.0 parts of gypsum;
ventilating once every 4 hours during fermentation to remove harmful gas generated by fermentation;
(2) sowing: erecting a culture frame, an artificial light source, an air conditioner and a humidifier in a greenhouse, then flatly paving the fermented culture material on the culture frame, wherein the thickness of a culture medium is 5-8 cm, and uniformly sowing strains on the culture material in a hole sowing manner; 0.5 kg of strain is sowed per square, the flat plate is compacted, and the tightness is moderate;
(3) spawn running: covering a layer of film on the culture material after sowing, setting the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 95-99%, and keeping for 14-15 days; ventilating for 1 hour every day during spawn running period;
(4) and (3) covering soil: covering soil when the fermented material is overgrown with mycelia, selecting pathogen-free and nutritious farmland soil and mushroom bran to mix proportionally, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is about 2cm, the PH value is between 7 and 8, keeping for 10 days, and ventilating in a proper amount during the covering soil period; during the covering of the soil, the average illumination intensity in the planting area is 500-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light; controlling the temperature in the planting area to be 24-28 ℃ under illumination, the temperature in the absence of illumination to be 10-15 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-60%, and ventilating for 1 hour every day during the earthing period;
the mixing ratio of the farmland soil and the mushroom bran is 6: 5, using 1200kg of farmland soil and 1000kg of fungus chaff per 30 square meters of planting area;
(5) cultivation: the average illumination intensity in the planting area reaches 300-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light; controlling the temperature in the planting area to be 20-24 ℃ under illumination, the temperature to be 10-15 ℃ under no illumination and the humidity to be 40-50%;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom buds grow to about 4cm, taking the mushroom cap by hand during mushroom harvesting, slightly rotating and lifting to avoid taking out a large amount of covering soil to damage hyphae and small mushroom buds on the edge, and spraying primary water on the surface of the covering soil by using a spraying pot after the small mushroom buds are reserved after the large mushroom buds are harvested, so as to keep the soil layer moist to ensure that the secondary mushrooms are obtained.
The cultivation material is prepared between 25 days of 8 months and 20 days of 9 months every year by planting in slack season, the needed infrastructure is simple, the temperature, the illumination and the humidity are controlled by scientific management equipment, the investment is low, and the benefit is high.
The following are experimental analyses of the invention:
adopting a greenhouse with the specification of 8m multiplied by 30m and 7 layers of planting frames, wherein the service life of the greenhouse is 10 years; the planting cost of the greenhouse is shown in table 1, and the cost of the culture material is shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 planting cost of greenhouse
TABLE 2 cost and economic benefits of compost
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the agaricus bisporus planting material has low cost price and is easy to obtain; from the analysis of the cultivation season, the mushroom cultivation does not compete with the agriculture for time and land, and the cultivation in the idle season is completely utilized, wherein 9 months per year to 4 months in the next year are finished; from the infrastructure point of view, it is relatively simple.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The planting method of the agaricus bisporus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing a cultivation material: cutting grass into small sections, spreading the small sections in a greenhouse, treating the small sections with lime water, piling the small sections into a grass pile, and standing the grass pile for 12 hours to heat the grass pile to 40-50 ℃; adding cow dung, vegetable cake, urea, phosphate fertilizer and gypsum into the grass heap, stirring, piling again, fermenting for 24-30 hours, adjusting the temperature in the greenhouse to 55-65 ℃, and continuing to ferment for 24-30 hours;
(2) sowing: erecting a culture frame, an artificial light source, an air conditioner and a humidifier in a greenhouse, then flatly paving the fermented culture material on the culture frame, wherein the thickness of a culture medium is 5-8 cm, and uniformly sowing strains on the culture material in a hole sowing manner;
(3) spawn running: covering a layer of film on the culture material after sowing, setting the temperature to be 25-28 ℃ and the relative humidity to be 95-99%, and keeping for 14-15 days;
(4) and (3) covering soil: covering soil when the fermented material is overgrown with mycelia, selecting pathogen-free and nutritious farmland soil and mushroom bran to mix proportionally, wherein the thickness of the covering soil layer is about 2cm, the PH value is between 7 and 8, keeping for 10 days, and ventilating in a proper amount during the covering soil period;
(5) cultivation: the average illumination intensity in the planting area reaches 300-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light;
(6) harvesting: harvesting when the mushroom buds grow to about 4cm, taking the mushroom cap by hand during mushroom harvesting, slightly rotating and lifting to avoid taking out a large amount of covering soil to damage hyphae and small mushroom buds on the edge, and spraying primary water on the surface of the covering soil by using a spraying pot after the small mushroom buds are reserved after the large mushroom buds are harvested, so as to keep the soil layer moist to ensure that the secondary mushrooms are obtained.
2. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), the cultivation material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-120 parts of grass, 70-80 parts of cow dung, 2-5 parts of lime, 2-5 parts of vegetable cake, 0.1-1.0 part of urea, 0.5-2.0 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5-2.0 parts of gypsum.
3. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), ventilation is carried out once every 4 hours during the fermentation period, and harmful gases generated by the fermentation are removed.
4. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), 0.5 kg of strain is sowed per square, and the plate is compacted, and the tightness is moderate.
5. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in step (3), the period of spawn running was ventilated for 1 hour per day.
6. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the average illumination intensity in the planting area during the earthing period is 500-; when the natural illumination intensity is not enough, the artificial light source is used for supplementing light; controlling the temperature in the planting area to be 24-28 ℃ under illumination, the temperature in the absence of illumination to be 10-15 ℃ and the humidity to be 50-60%, and ventilating for 1 hour every day during the earthing period.
7. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the mixing ratio of the farmland soil and the mushroom bran is 6: 5, 1200kg of farmland soil and 1000kg of fungus chaff are used per 30 square meters of planting area.
8. The method for planting agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (5), the temperature in the planting area is controlled to be 20-24 ℃ under the condition of illumination, the temperature in the planting area is controlled to be 10-15 ℃ under the condition of no illumination, and the humidity is controlled to be 40-50%.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911245579.7A CN110915543A (en) | 2019-12-07 | 2019-12-07 | Planting method of agaricus bisporus |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911245579.7A CN110915543A (en) | 2019-12-07 | 2019-12-07 | Planting method of agaricus bisporus |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106538243A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-29 | 谢飞 | A kind of cultural method of White mushroom |
| US20180000013A1 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-01-04 | Functional Fungi, Llc | Enhanced Mycelium Growth Medium and Method |
| CN107864796A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-03 | 徐州腾丰食用菌科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of White mushroom |
| CN110352789A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-22 | 凤台县香玉园食用菌种植专业合作社 | A kind of agaricus bisporus implantation methods |
-
2019
- 2019-12-07 CN CN201911245579.7A patent/CN110915543A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20180000013A1 (en) * | 2016-02-26 | 2018-01-04 | Functional Fungi, Llc | Enhanced Mycelium Growth Medium and Method |
| CN106538243A (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2017-03-29 | 谢飞 | A kind of cultural method of White mushroom |
| CN107864796A (en) * | 2017-12-05 | 2018-04-03 | 徐州腾丰食用菌科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of White mushroom |
| CN110352789A (en) * | 2019-06-05 | 2019-10-22 | 凤台县香玉园食用菌种植专业合作社 | A kind of agaricus bisporus implantation methods |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 王玉宏 等: "《山区特色种植业》", 30 September 2017, 河北科学技术出版社 * |
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