CN110914053A - 借助于分层金属元件与装配玻璃装置的布线系统之间的传导抑制静电放电噪声 - Google Patents

借助于分层金属元件与装配玻璃装置的布线系统之间的传导抑制静电放电噪声 Download PDF

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CN110914053A
CN110914053A CN201880044417.4A CN201880044417A CN110914053A CN 110914053 A CN110914053 A CN 110914053A CN 201880044417 A CN201880044417 A CN 201880044417A CN 110914053 A CN110914053 A CN 110914053A
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laminated glazing
pane
adhesive layer
glazing
interlayer adhesive
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M-H.德布吕
T.通迪
H.卡纳勒
F.弗卢朗
C.昂费尔
O.德尔弗迪耶
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Airbus Operations SAS
Compagnie de Saint Gobain SA
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Airbus Operations SAS
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    • B32B17/10743—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing acrylate (co)polymers or salts thereof
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
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    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10788—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing ethylene vinylacetate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B64C1/1476—Canopies; Windscreens or similar transparent elements
    • B64C1/1492—Structure and mounting of the transparent elements in the window or windscreen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
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    • B64D45/00—Aircraft indicators or protectors not otherwise provided for
    • B64D45/02—Lightning protectors; Static dischargers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
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    • B64D2221/00—Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft

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Abstract

本发明涉及：‑层压装配玻璃，其包括通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）粘接的第一和第二玻璃板（1；2），所述层压装配玻璃的外围区域被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，所述层压装配玻璃包括提供有母线（12）的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）、多个用于测量温度的探针以及其他任选的电气元件，它们通过所述层压装配玻璃的连接器（13）与电源连接，电导体（21）连接所述阶梯式金属元件（7）与o线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）的母线（12）；和/或o层压装配玻璃的连接器（13）的帽（14），其与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的接地连接；和/或o连接器（13）的触点（15；16；17）。‑用于制造该装配玻璃的方法；和‑其用途。

Description

借助于分层金属元件与装配玻璃装置的布线系统之间的传导 抑制静电放电噪声
飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃是通过与夹层粘接剂层层压而组装在一起的无机和/或有机玻璃的组件。水通过扩散而渗透穿过夹层粘接剂层可能导致层压装配玻璃中的缺陷，例如通过促进分层或通过损坏并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统。
常见的防范水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中的措施在于在周边施加保形金属元件到层压装配玻璃的周边区域，特别是如将在下文中看到的阶梯式金属元件，该金属元件由于该条的形状而通常被称为“ Z形件（zed）”。
该Z形件粘接到层压装配玻璃的玻璃板上，并且可以被气密-和水密密封件（例如由硅酮或等同物制成）以及被提供良好耐久性和空气动力学性能的“压条（bead）”（外部密封件）覆盖。该外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成。
金属Z形件因此位于硅酮和多硫化物内，并且与层压装配玻璃的内部电气元件及其安装结构电绝缘。它是电浮动的，并且易于携带静电荷。它可能在某些飞行条件下在与飞行器结构的电位大不相同的电位下充电。由于飞过充电环境：通过与环境中的粒子如雪、冰、灰尘或污染物碰撞而摩擦生电，Z形件通常变得带电。尽管飞行器结构配备有放电系统，但是电绝缘的元件如装配玻璃却会积聚电荷。
尤其是，通过装配玻璃聚集的电荷可能会部分地排入Z形件中。可能会达到允许在Z形件和飞行器结构（或并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统）之间静电放电的电位。
这可能导致
- 令飞行员吃惊的声音信号；
- 令飞行员吃惊的光信号（闪光，火花）；
- 干扰飞行器设备的电磁信号。
本发明的目的是通过控制电流流向装配玻璃内部的电器元件来防止放电电位的发生。
所述目的通过本发明得以实现，因此本发明的主题是一种层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板，该第一板通过第一夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接，其中第一玻璃板的边缘相对于第二玻璃板的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板的自由表面的外围部分、该玻璃板的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板的第二玻璃板的表面的一部分描绘了一个连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件覆盖，所述层压装配玻璃包括提供有母线的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层、多个用于测量温度的探针以及其他任选的电气元件，它们通过所述层压装配玻璃的连接器与电源连接，其特征在于，电导体连接所述阶梯式金属元件与
- 线的加热网络和/或加热导电层的母线；和/或
- 层压装配玻璃的连接器的帽，其与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体（masse）连接；和/或
- 连接器的触点，其将线的加热网络和/或加热导电层、探针或任何其他任选的电气元件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器的触点，其仅将电导体与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器与探针或任何其他任选的电气元件的触点，而非与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体的触点。
如上所述，阶梯式金属元件防止水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中。它可以由铝、不锈钢或其他金属制成，并且在下文中可以互换地被称为“ Z形件”。
所述层压装配玻璃的连接器例如是公连接器，其旨在与用于安装装配玻璃的结构，特别是飞行器的所述结构的母连接器连接。
所述电导体是线，特别是由铜、铝或其他材料制成的多股线。
提供有母线的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层、探针和其他任选的电气元件可以与本体连接，也可以不与本体连接。
优选地，最多30MΩ的电绝缘电阻器与所述电导体串联连接。
该措施旨在
- 为人们提供保护，因为Z形件不必是在网络电位下；
- 在局部电流从电网泄漏到本体的情况下，防止局部过热；
- 如果Z形件被闪电击中，防止闪电通过飞机内部的电路传播；
- 防止对控制系统的电干扰，特别是通过电流注入到该系统中。
可以将电绝缘电阻器并入层压装配玻璃内，任选地并入层压装配玻璃的连接器内，或者并入在层压装配玻璃的边缘上，在下文中将描述的紧密密封件中。 当它连接到与本体电连接的元件时，它可以为零：否则，由于电气风险或防止漏电的原因，它至少等于1MΩ。
根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的其他优选特征：
- 其至少包括第三玻璃板，所述第三玻璃板通过第二夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接；
- 提供有母线的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层在第一玻璃板和第一夹层粘接剂层之间的界面处；该定位是可能最接近装配玻璃的外表面，同时允许在层压结构内保护加热线/加热层，并因此可以尽可能地限制为除去在装配玻璃的外表面上形成的霜所需的加热功率的；在这种情况下，探针在第一夹层粘接剂层中；该布置适用于飞行器驾驶舱前窗玻璃（挡风玻璃）；
- 根据一个替代方案，提供有母线的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层在第二玻璃板和第一夹层粘接剂层之间或在第二玻璃板和第二夹层粘接剂层之间的界面处；在这种情况下，探针在第二夹层粘接剂层中； 这种布置旨在除去易于在装配玻璃的内表面上形成的冷凝水；它适用于飞行器驾驶舱侧窗玻璃，其外表面通常不收集易于结晶成霜的水滴；
- 所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（或Z形件）覆盖，并插入外部密封件，所述外部密封件的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能；外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成；
- 阶梯式金属元件被由硅酮或等同物制成的气密和水密密封件覆盖；
- 第一玻璃板由厚度为0.5至5 mm，优选2至4 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5至5 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；
- 第二玻璃板和，如果适用的话，第三玻璃板甚至随后的层由厚度为5至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5至30 mm，优选最多20 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；这些玻璃板被称为“结构性折叠”；
- 夹层粘接剂层由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）或等同物制成，第一夹层粘接剂层的厚度为3至10 mm，优选4至8 mm，和第二夹层粘接剂层和，如果适用的话，随后的层的厚度为0.5至4 mm，优选最多等于2 mm。
本发明的另一主题在于一种用于制造如上所述的层压装配玻璃的方法，其特征在于
- 焊接、粘接或夹紧电导体与阶梯式金属元件的电连接；和/或
- 粘接、焊接、用压合法连接、或夹紧电导体与母线的电连接；和/或
- 焊接或用压合法连接电导体与连接器触点的电连接；和/或
- 焊接或用螺丝连接电导体与连接器的帽的电连接。
本发明的另一主题在于上述层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于街道设施的装配玻璃，特别是作为飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃的用途。飞行器驾驶舱可以包括两个前窗玻璃和两个至四个侧窗玻璃。
借助于以下的附图说明将更好地理解本发明，其中：
- 图1是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图，其中所述Z形件与所述层压装配玻璃的连接器的触点电连接；
- 图2是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图，其中所述Z形件与所述线的加热网络和/或加热导电层的母线电连接。
在该实施例中，玻璃板是指化学回火的铝硅酸盐玻璃板，由Saint-Gobain Sully以注册商标Solidion®出售。
参考图1和2，层压装配玻璃包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板1，厚度为3 mm，该第一玻璃板通过厚度为5.3 mm的第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层2粘接到厚度为8 mm的第二玻璃板3上。
厚度为8 mm的第三玻璃板5通过厚度为2 mm的第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层4粘接到第二玻璃板3上。
第一玻璃板1的边缘相对于第二玻璃板3的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板1的自由表面的周边部分、该玻璃板1的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层2的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板1的第二玻璃板3的表面的一部分描绘了一个连续的阶梯式轮廓，该阶梯式轮廓被由铝制成的阶梯式金属元件7覆盖。
所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件7覆盖，并插入由多硫化物制成的外部密封件6，所述外部密封件6的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件7上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能。
阶梯式金属元件7被由硅酮制成的气密和水密的密封件8覆盖。
参考图2，提供有母线12的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层11在第一玻璃板1和第一夹层粘接剂层2之间的界面处。
用于测量温度的探针（未示出）在第一夹层粘接剂层2中。
提供有母线12的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层11、用于测量温度的探针和其它任选的电气元件通过层压装配玻璃的连接器13与电源连接。
由美国线规24（AWG 24）多股铜制成的电导体21连接阶梯式金属元件7与
- 线的加热网络和/或加热导电层11的母线12（图2）；和/或
- 层压装配玻璃的连接器13的帽14，该帽与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器13的触点15，其将线的加热网络和/或加热导电层11、探针或任何其他任选的电气元件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接（图1）；和/或
- 连接器13的触点16，其仅将电导体21与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器13与探针或任何其他任选的电气元件的触点17，而非与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体的触点。
图1和2中示出的层压装配玻璃可以通过用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构，通过将覆盖层压装配玻璃的压窗件31与安装结构用螺栓连接，从外侧安装；这种用螺栓连接可能会或可能不会导致层压装配玻璃被夹紧，层压装配玻璃也可以与压窗件31粘接，并且在任何情况下持久牢固地保持在安装结构上。压窗件31是从外侧添加的镶边修饰（trim）。
也可以从内侧安装。在这种情况下，虽然存在上述的压窗件的形状，但是形成安装结构的组成部分，并且从内侧添加镶边修饰（压窗件）。在夹紧或不夹紧层压装配玻璃的情况下，可以将用螺栓连接压窗件和粘接层压装配玻璃组合。
在根据本发明的装配玻璃中没有观察到Z形件的不希望的放电，也没有观察到表示该放电的任何干扰性噪声。

Claims (13)

1.层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板（1），该第一玻璃板通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）与第二玻璃板（3）连接，其中第一玻璃板（1）的边缘相对于第二玻璃板（3）的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板（1）的自由表面的外围部分、该第一玻璃板（1）的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板（1）的第二玻璃板（3）的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，所述层压装配玻璃包括提供有母线（12）的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）、多个用于测量温度的探针以及其它任选的电气元件，它们通过所述层压装配玻璃的连接器（13）与电源连接，其特征在于，所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，并插入外部密封件（6），其中所述阶梯式金属元件（7）被气密和水密密封件（8）覆盖，其中电导体（21）连接所述阶梯式金属元件（7）与
- 线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）的母线（12）；和/或
- 层压装配玻璃的连接器（13）的帽（14），其与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器（13）的触点（15），其将线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）、探针或任何其他任选的电气元件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器（13）的触点（16），其仅将电导体（21）与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体连接；和/或
- 连接器（13）与探针或任何其他任选的电气元件的触点（17），而非与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构的本体的触点；和
其中最多30MΩ的电绝缘电阻器与所述电导体（21）串联连接。
2.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，其至少包括第三玻璃板（5），所述第三玻璃板（5）通过第二夹层粘接剂层（4）与第二玻璃板（3）连接。
3.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，提供有母线（12）的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）在第一玻璃板（1）和第一夹层粘接剂层（2）之间的界面处。
4.如权利要求3中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述探针在第一夹层粘接剂层（2）中。
5.如权利要求1和2中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，提供有母线（12）的线的加热网络和/或加热导电层（11）在第二玻璃板（3）和第一夹层粘接剂层（2）之间或者在第二玻璃板（3）和第二夹层粘接剂层（4）之间的界面处。
6.如权利要求5中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述探针在第二夹层粘接剂层（4）中。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述外部密封件（6）的一部分折叠在所述阶梯式金属元件（7）上，为所述层压装配玻璃提供良好的耐久性和空气动力学性质。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板（1）由厚度为0.5 至5 mm，优选2 至4 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5 至5 mm的聚合物材料如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）和，如果需要，所述第三玻璃板（5）甚至随后的层由厚度为5 至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5 至30 mm，优选最多20 mm的聚合物材料如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述夹层粘接剂层（2； 4）由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）或等同物制成，其中第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的厚度为3至10 mm，优选4至8 mm，和其中第二夹层粘接剂层（4）和，如果需要，随后的层的厚度为0.5至4 mm，优选最多等于2 mm。
11.用于制造如前述权利要求中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃的方法，其特征在于
- 焊接、粘接或夹紧电导体（21）与阶梯式金属元件（7）的电连接；和/或
- 粘接、焊接、用压合法连接、或夹紧电导体（21）与母线（12）的电连接；和/或
- 焊接或用压合法连接电导体（21）与连接器（13）的触点（15；16；17）的电连接；和/或
- 焊接或用螺丝连接电导体（21）与连接器（13）的帽（14）的电连接。
12.如权利要求1至10中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于城市设施的装配玻璃的用途。
13.如权利要求12中所述的用途，其用作飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃。
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RU2722497C1 (ru) 2020-06-01
KR20200003269A (ko) 2020-01-08
CA3068912A1 (fr) 2019-01-10
IL271605A (en) 2020-02-27

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