CN110770019B - 通过阶梯式金属元件的早期放电抑制静电放电噪声 - Google Patents

通过阶梯式金属元件的早期放电抑制静电放电噪声 Download PDF

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CN110770019B
CN110770019B CN201880043792.7A CN201880043792A CN110770019B CN 110770019 B CN110770019 B CN 110770019B CN 201880043792 A CN201880043792 A CN 201880043792A CN 110770019 B CN110770019 B CN 110770019B
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M-H.德布吕
T.通迪
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
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    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及层压装配玻璃，其包括通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）粘接的第一和第二玻璃板（1；3），所述层压装配玻璃的外围区域被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构刚性连接的压窗件（31）与该层压装配玻璃接触，从而将层压装配玻璃牢固地保持在其安装结构上，电导体（21）具有与所述阶梯式金属元件（7）电连接的第一端和在距压窗件（31）最大等于1 mm的非零距离处的第二锥形端；本发明还涉及其用途。

Description

通过阶梯式金属元件的早期放电抑制静电放电噪声
飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃是通过与夹层粘接剂层层压而组装在一起的无机和/或有机玻璃的组件。水通过扩散而渗透穿过夹层粘接剂层可能导致层压装配玻璃中的缺陷，例如通过促进分层或通过损坏并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统。
常见的防范水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中的措施在于在周边施加保形金属元件到层压装配玻璃的周边区域，特别是如将在下文中看到的阶梯式金属元件，该金属元件由于该条的形状而通常被称为“ Z形件（zed）”。
该Z形件与层压装配玻璃的玻璃板粘接，并且可以被气密-和水密密封件（例如由硅酮或等同物制成）以及被提供良好耐久性和空气动力学性能的“压条（bead）”（外部密封件）覆盖。该外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成。
金属Z形件因此位于硅酮和多硫化物内，并且与层压装配玻璃的内部电气元件及其安装结构电绝缘。它是电浮动的，并且易于携带静电荷。它可能在某些飞行条件下在与飞行器结构的电位大不相同的电位下充电。由于飞过充电环境：通过与环境中的粒子如雪、冰、灰尘或污染物碰撞而摩擦生电，Z形件通常变得带电。尽管飞行器结构配备有放电系统，但是电绝缘的元件如装配玻璃却会积聚电荷。
尤其是，通过装配玻璃聚集的电荷可能会部分地排入Z形件中。可能会达到允许在Z形件和飞行器结构（或并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统）之间静电放电的电位。
这可能导致
- 令飞行员吃惊的声音信号；
- 令飞行员吃惊的光信号（闪光，火花）；
- 干扰飞行器设备的电磁信号。
本发明的目的是将在Z形件和用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构（飞行器结构等）之间的电位差保持在足够低的水平，即通过促进过早的（低能量）和局部的静电放电的发生，来防止高放电电位的发生，使得它们是听不见的。
所述目的通过本发明得以实现，因此本发明的主题是一种层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板，该第一板通过第一夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接，其中第一玻璃板的边缘相对于第二玻璃板的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板的自由表面的外围部分、该玻璃板的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板的第二玻璃板的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件覆盖，压窗件（windowpress）与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构刚性连接，并且所述压窗件的形状与所述连续的阶梯式轮廓的形状基本上互补，在由连续的阶梯式轮廓所形成的体积中与层压装配玻璃接触，以便将该层压装配玻璃牢固地保持在其安装结构上，其特征在于，电导体具有与所述阶梯式金属元件电连接的第一端和在距压窗件最大等于1 mm的非零距离处的锥形（enpointe）第二端。
如上所述，所述阶梯式金属元件防止水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中。它可以由铝、不锈钢或其他金属制成，并且在下文中可以互换地被称为“ Z形件”。
本发明的技术措施确保击穿阈值最大等于1000V。
根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的优选特征：
- 所述电导体在其第二端的区域中具有基本上垂直于所述压窗件的表面的方向；
- 所述电导体包括直径为20至50μm的金属线；其可以由铜、铝、钨或其他材料制成；
- 所述电导体包括线，如由钨制成的线，所述线足够刚性以确保其第二端的取向（相对于所述压窗件的表面）；这种刚性还可以使得它能够确保电导体在其整个长度上的取向，包括在外部密封件和下面描述的防漏密封件的形成期间，以确保电导体和阶梯式金属元件的相对定位；本发明的层压装配玻璃的这三个第一优选特征是可以在电导体和飞行器结构（窗压）之间引发电弧的特征；
- 所述电导体包括单股金属线或编织的多股金属线，如辫状或网格状导体；
- 所述层压装配玻璃至少包括第三玻璃板，所述第三玻璃板通过第二夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接；
- 所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（或Z形件）覆盖，并插入外部密封件，所述外部密封件的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能；外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成；
- 阶梯式金属元件被由硅酮或等同物制成的气密和水密密封件覆盖；
- 所述电导体与所述阶梯式金属元件接触；或者
- 电导体嵌入外部密封件中，该外部密封件由足够导电的材料如多硫化物组成；尽管远离阶梯式金属元件，但是其因此仍然通过外部密封件的导电性与之电连接；然后可以在Z形件上形成外部密封件时将电导体放置到位；
- 电导体突出于或齐平于外部密封件和，如果适用的话，防漏密封件；
- 第一玻璃板由厚度为0.5至5 mm，优选2至4 mm的矿物玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5至5 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；
- 第二玻璃板和，如果适用的话，第三玻璃板等由厚度为5至10 mm的矿物玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5至30 mm，优选最多20 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；这些玻璃板被称为“结构性折叠”；
- 夹层粘接剂层由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）或等同物制成，第一夹层粘接剂层的厚度为3至10 mm，优选4至8 mm，和第二夹层粘接剂层和，如果适用的话，随后几层的厚度为0.5至4 mm，优选最多等于2 mm。
本发明的另一主题在于上述层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于城市设施的装配玻璃，特别是作为飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃的用途。飞行器驾驶舱可以包括两个前窗玻璃和两个至四个侧窗玻璃。
借助于以下的附图说明将更好地理解本发明。 图1是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图。
在此实施例中，玻璃板是指化学回火的铝硅酸盐玻璃板，由Saint-Gobain Sully以注册商标Solidion®出售。
参考图1，层压装配玻璃包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板1，厚度为3mm，该第一玻璃板通过厚度为5.3 mm的第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层2与厚度为8 mm的第二玻璃板3粘接。
厚度为8 mm的第三玻璃板5通过厚度为2 mm的第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层4与第二玻璃板3粘接。
第一玻璃板1的边缘相对于第二玻璃板3的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板1的自由表面的周边部分、该玻璃板1的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层2的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板1的第二玻璃板3的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该阶梯式轮廓被由铝制成的阶梯式金属元件7覆盖。
所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件7覆盖，并插入由多硫化物制成的外部密封件6，所述外部密封件6的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件7上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能。
阶梯式金属元件7被由硅酮制成的气密和水密的密封件8覆盖。
图1中示出的层压装配玻璃可以通过用于安装该层压装配玻璃的结构，通过将覆盖层压装配玻璃的压窗件31与安装结构用螺栓连接，从外侧安装；这种用螺栓连接可能会或可能不会导致层压装配玻璃被夹紧，层压装配玻璃也可以与压窗件31粘接，并且在任何情况下持久牢固地保持在安装结构上。压窗件31是从外侧添加的边缘（encadrement）。
也可以从内侧安装。在这种情况下，虽然存在上述的压窗件的形状，但是形成安装结构的组成部分，并且从内侧添加镶边修饰（压窗件）。在夹紧或不夹紧层压装配玻璃的情况下，可以将用螺栓连接内侧压窗件和粘接层压装配玻璃组合。
参考图1，在形成外部密封件6（压条）时，将电导体21放置在阶梯式金属元件7上。然后形成防漏密封件8，使得电导体21在外部密封件6和防漏密封件8之间的界面处。电导体21齐平于外部密封件6和防漏密封件8；从其第二端到压窗件31的表面的距离最大为1 mm。它同样可以突出于外部密封件6和防漏密封件8，从其第二端到压窗件31的表面的距离也最大为1 mm。电导体21，特别是在其接近压窗件31的区域中，定义基本上垂直于压窗件31的表面的方向。
在根据本发明的装配玻璃中没有观察到Z形件的不希望的放电，也没有观察到表示该放电的任何干扰性噪声。

Claims (28)

1.层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成所述装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板（1），该第一玻璃板通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）与第二玻璃板（3）连接，其中第一玻璃板（1）的边缘相对于第二玻璃板（3）的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板（1）的自由表面的外围部分、该第一玻璃板（1）的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板（1）的第二玻璃板（3）的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，压窗件（31）与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构连接，并且所述压窗件的形状与所述连续的阶梯式轮廓的形状基本上互补，在由连续的阶梯式轮廓所形成的体积中与层压装配玻璃接触，以便将所述层压装配玻璃与其安装结构连接，
其特征在于，所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，并插入外部密封件（6），其中所述阶梯式金属元件（7）被气密和水密密封件（8）覆盖，并且其中电导体（21）具有与所述阶梯式金属元件（7）电连接的第一端和在距压窗件（31）最大等于1 mm的非零距离处的锥形第二端。
2.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）在其第二端的区域中具有基本上垂直于所述压窗件（31）的表面的方向。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）包括直径为20至50μm的金属线。
4.如权利要求3中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）包括线，所述线足够刚性以确保其第二端的取向。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）包括单股金属线或编织的多股金属线。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，其至少包括第三玻璃板（5），所述第三玻璃板（5）通过第二夹层粘接剂层（4）与第二玻璃板（3）连接。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述外部密封件（6）的一部分折叠在所述阶梯式金属元件（7）上，为所述层压装配玻璃提供良好的耐久性和空气动力学性质。
8.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）与所述阶梯式金属元件（7）接触。
9.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）嵌入在所述外部密封件（6）中，所述外部密封件由足够导电的材料构成。
10.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）突出于或齐平于外部密封件（6）。
11.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板（1）由厚度为0.5 至5 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5 至5 mm的聚合物材料制成。
12.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）由厚度为5至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5 至30 mm的聚合物材料制成。
13.如权利要求1或2所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述夹层粘接剂层（2； 4）由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）制成，其中第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的厚度为3至10 mm，其中第二夹层粘接剂层（4）的厚度为0.5至4 mm。
14.如权利要求4中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述线是由钨制成的线。
15.如权利要求5所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）包括辫状或网格状导体。
16.如权利要求9中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述足够导电的材料是多硫化物。
17.如权利要求10中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）突出于或齐平于外部密封件（6）和突出于或齐平于防漏密封件（8）。
18.如权利要求11所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板（1）由厚度为2至4 mm的无机玻璃制成。
19.如权利要求11所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，聚合物材料是聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）。
20.如权利要求6所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）和所述第三玻璃板（5）由厚度为5 至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5 至30 mm的聚合物材料制成。
21.如权利要求20所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）和所述第三玻璃板（5），由厚度为5 至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为最多20 mm的聚合物材料制成。
22.如权利要求12所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，聚合物材料是聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）。
23.如权利要求13所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的厚度为4至8 mm。
24.如权利要求13所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）和随后的层的厚度为为0.5至4 mm。
25.如权利要求13所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）的厚度为最多等于2 mm。
26.如权利要求24所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）和随后的层的厚度为最多等于2 mm。
27.如权利要求1至26中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于城市设施的装配玻璃的用途。
28.如权利要求27中所述的用途，其用作飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃。
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