CN110914054B - 通过阶梯式金属元件与窗格玻璃保持器之间的传导抑制静电放电噪声 - Google Patents

通过阶梯式金属元件与窗格玻璃保持器之间的传导抑制静电放电噪声 Download PDF

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CN110914054B
CN110914054B CN201880044422.5A CN201880044422A CN110914054B CN 110914054 B CN110914054 B CN 110914054B CN 201880044422 A CN201880044422 A CN 201880044422A CN 110914054 B CN110914054 B CN 110914054B
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glazing
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M-H.德布吕
T.通迪
H.卡纳勒
F.弗卢朗
C.昂费尔
O.德尔弗迪耶
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Saint Gobain Glass France SAS
Airbus Operations SAS
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    • B32B17/1077—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing polyurethane
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    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
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Abstract

本发明涉及：‑层压装配玻璃，其包括通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）粘接的第一和第二玻璃板（1；3），所述层压装配玻璃的外围区域被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构刚性连接的压窗件（31）与该层压装配玻璃接触，从而将层压装配玻璃牢固地保持在其安装结构上，电导体（21）连接所述阶梯式金属元件（7）和用于通过压窗件（31）安装该层压装配玻璃的结构；和‑其用途。

Description

通过阶梯式金属元件与窗格玻璃保持器之间的传导抑制静电 放电噪声
飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃是通过与夹层粘接剂层层压而组装在一起的无机和/或有机玻璃的组件。水通过扩散而渗透穿过夹层粘接剂层可能导致层压装配玻璃中的缺陷，例如通过促进分层或通过损坏并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统。
常见的防范水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中的措施在于在周边施加保形金属元件到层压装配玻璃的周边区域，特别是如将在下文中看到的阶梯式金属元件，该金属元件由于该条的形状而通常被称为“Z形件（zed）”。
该Z形件与层压装配玻璃的玻璃板粘接，并且可以被气密-和水密密封件（例如由硅酮或等同物制成）以及被提供良好耐久性和空气动力学性能的“压条（bead）”（外部密封件）覆盖。该外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成。
金属Z形件因此位于硅酮和多硫化物内，并且与层压装配玻璃的内部电气元件及其安装结构电绝缘。它是电浮动的，并且易于携带静电荷。它可能在某些飞行条件下在与飞行器结构的电位大不相同的电位下充电。由于飞过充电环境：通过与环境中的粒子如雪、冰、灰尘或污染物碰撞而摩擦生电，Z形件通常变得带电。尽管飞行器结构配备有放电系统，但是电绝缘的元件如装配玻璃却会积聚电荷。
尤其是，通过装配玻璃聚集的电荷可能会部分地排入Z形件中。可能会达到允许在Z形件和飞行器结构（或并入在装配玻璃内的电气系统）之间静电放电的电位。
这可能导致
- 令飞行员吃惊的声音信号；
- 令飞行员吃惊的光信号（闪光，火花）；
- 干扰飞行器设备的电磁信号。
本发明的目的是通过控制电流流向压窗件来防止放电电位的发生，所述压窗件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构，特别是飞行器结构，在电方面相互依存。
所述目的通过本发明得以实现，因此本发明的主题是一种层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板，该第一板通过第一夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接，其中第一玻璃板的边缘相对于第二玻璃板的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板的自由表面的外围部分、该玻璃板的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板的第二玻璃板的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件覆盖，压窗件（windowpress）与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构连接，并且所述压窗件的形状与所述连续的阶梯式轮廓的形状基本上互补，在由连续的阶梯式轮廓所形成的体积中与层压装配玻璃接触，以便将该层压装配玻璃与其安装结构连接，其特征在于，电导体连接所述阶梯式金属元件和用于通过压窗件安装层压装配玻璃的结构。
如上所述，所述阶梯式金属元件防止水分渗透到层压夹层粘接剂层中。它可以由铝、不锈钢或其他金属制成，并且在下文中可以互换地被称为“ Z形件”。
优选地，在所述阶梯式金属元件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构之间的电阻最大等于30MΩ。
根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的其他优选特征：
- 其至少包括第三玻璃板，所述第三玻璃板通过第二夹层粘接剂层与第二玻璃板连接；
- 将压窗件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构用螺栓/螺钉连接；该布置适合用于从其安装结构的外侧安装层压装配玻璃；
- 根据一个替代方案，所述压窗件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构一体形成（其形成其组成部分）； 然后从其安装结构的内侧安装层压装配玻璃，通过将内部镶边修饰（trim）与该结构固定，将该层压装配玻璃与该结构连接，该镶边修饰被称为内部压窗件。
- 所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（或Z形件）覆盖，并插入外部密封件，所述外部密封件的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能；外部密封件由多硫化物或等同物制成；
- 阶梯式金属元件被由硅酮或等同物制成的气密和水密密封件覆盖；
- 所述电导体是能压缩的，并且局部地穿过防漏密封件； 可以局部地除去防漏密封件的材料，或者由于形成防漏密封件的方法（注射成型等）该材料可能不存在； 能压缩电导体可以是填充有导电元件、弹簧等的泡沫；
- 所述电导体部分地位于外部密封件和防漏密封件之间的界面处；
- 所述电导体局部地穿过外部密封件的折叠部分并且在保持接触的同时延伸直至压窗件的外表面，包括用于将所述压窗件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构固定的螺钉或螺栓；如上所述，可以从该折叠部分局部地除去材料，或者由于形成防漏密封件的方法（注射成型等）该材料可能不存在；
- 第一玻璃板由厚度为0.5至5 mm，优选2至4 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5至5 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；
- 第二玻璃板和，如果适用的话，第三玻璃板甚至随后的层由厚度为5至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5至30 mm，优选最多20 mm的聚合物材料，如聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）制成；这些玻璃板被称为“结构性折叠”；
- 夹层粘接剂层由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）、乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）或等同物制成，第一夹层粘接剂层的厚度为3至10 mm，优选4至8 mm，和第二夹层粘接剂层和，如果适用的话，随后的层的厚度为0.5至4 mm，优选最多等于2 mm。
本发明的另一主题在于上述层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于城市设施的装配玻璃，特别是作为飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃的用途。飞行器驾驶舱可以包括两个前窗玻璃和两个至四个侧窗玻璃。
借助于以下的附图说明将更好地理解本发明，其中：
- 图1是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图，其中电导体是能压缩的，并且局部地穿过防漏密封件；
- 图2是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图，其中电导体部分地位于外部密封件和防漏密封件之间的界面处
- 图3是根据本发明的层压装配玻璃的示意图，其中电导体局部地穿过外部密封件的折叠部分并且在保持接触的同时延伸直至压窗件的外表面，包括用于将所述压窗件与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构固定的螺钉或螺栓。
在这些实施例中，玻璃板是指化学回火的铝硅酸盐玻璃板，由Saint-GobainSully以注册商标Solidion®出售。
参考图1、2和3，层压装配玻璃包括形成该装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板1，厚度为3 mm，该第一玻璃板通过厚度为5.3 mm的第一聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层2与厚度为8 mm的第二玻璃板3粘接。
厚度为8 mm的第三玻璃板5通过厚度为2 mm的第二聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）夹层粘接剂层4与第二玻璃板3粘接。
第一玻璃板1的边缘相对于第二玻璃板3的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板1的自由表面的周边部分、该玻璃板1的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层2的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板1的第二玻璃板3的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该阶梯式轮廓被由铝制成的阶梯式金属元件7覆盖。
所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件7覆盖，并插入由多硫化物制成的外部密封件6，所述外部密封件6的一部分折叠在阶梯式金属元件7上，从而为层压装配玻璃提供了良好的耐久性和空气动力学性能。
阶梯式金属元件7被由硅酮制成的气密和水密的密封件8覆盖。
图1、2和3中示出的层压装配玻璃可以通过用于安装该层压装配玻璃的结构，通过将覆盖层压装配玻璃的压窗件31与所述安装结构用螺栓连接，从外侧安装；这种用螺栓连接可能会或可能不会导致层压装配玻璃被夹紧，层压装配玻璃也可以与压窗件31粘接，并且在任何情况下持久牢固地保持在安装结构上。压窗件31是从外侧添加的镶边修饰。
也可以从内侧安装。在这种情况下，虽然存在上述的压窗件的形状，但是形成了安装结构的组成部分，并且从内侧添加镶边修饰（压窗件）。在夹紧或不夹紧层压装配玻璃的情况下，可以将用螺栓连接内侧压窗件和粘接层压装配玻璃组合。
参考图1，能压缩的电导体21通过在防漏密封件8中产生的储备电连接Z形件7和压窗件31的内表面。电导体21由填充有导电元件的泡沫制成。
在图2中，由铝或不锈钢型材组成的电导体21电连接Z形件7和压窗件31的前表面，尤其穿过外部密封件6和防漏密封件8之间的界面。
在图3中，电导体21局部地穿过外部密封件6的折叠部分，并且在保持接触的同时延伸直至压窗件31的外表面。
对于在图1至3中示意性表示的每一层压装配玻璃，电导体21可在其两端的每一个处根据电连接的配置被焊接、用螺丝连接、用压合法连接、粘接或夹紧。
在根据本发明的装配玻璃中没有观察到Z形件的不希望的放电，也没有观察到表示该放电的任何干扰性噪声。

Claims (22)

1.层压装配玻璃，其至少包括形成所述装配玻璃的外部面的第一玻璃板（1），该第一玻璃板通过第一夹层粘接剂层（2）与第二玻璃板（3）连接，其中第一玻璃板（1）的边缘相对于第二玻璃板（3）的边缘缩进，第一玻璃板（1）的自由表面的外围部分、该第一玻璃板（1）的边缘、第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的边缘和延伸超出第一玻璃板（1）的第二玻璃板（3）的表面的一部分形成连续的阶梯式轮廓，该轮廓被阶梯式金属元件覆盖，压窗件（31）在由连续的阶梯式轮廓所形成的体积中与层压装配玻璃接触，以便将所述层压装配玻璃与其安装结构连接，其中压窗件（31）与该用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构连接并且所述压窗件的形状与所述连续的阶梯式轮廓的形状基本上互补，
其特征在于，所述连续的阶梯式轮廓被阶梯式金属元件（7）覆盖，并插入外部密封件（6），其中所述阶梯式金属元件（7）被气密和水密密封件（8）覆盖，并且其中电导体（21）连接所述阶梯式金属元件（7）和用于通过压窗件（31）安装该层压装配玻璃的结构。
2.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述阶梯式金属元件（7）与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构之间的电阻最大等于30MΩ。
3.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，其至少包括第三玻璃板（5），所述第三玻璃板（5）通过第二夹层粘接剂层（4）与第二玻璃板（3）连接。
4.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，将压窗件（31）与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构用螺栓/螺钉连接。
5.如权利要求4中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述压窗件（31）与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构一体形成。
6.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述外部密封件（6）的一部分折叠在所述阶梯式金属元件（7）上，为所述层压装配玻璃提供良好的耐久性和空气动力学性质。
7.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）是能压缩的，并局部穿过防漏密封件（8）。
8.如权利要求1中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）部分地位于外部密封件（6）和防漏密封件（8）之间的界面处。
9.如权利要求6中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述电导体（21）局部地穿过外部密封件（6）的折叠部分并且在保持接触的同时延伸直至压窗件（31）的外表面，其中层压装配玻璃包括用于将所述压窗件（31）与用于安装层压装配玻璃的结构固定的螺钉或螺栓。
10.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板（1）由厚度为0.5 至5 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为0.5 至5 mm的聚合物材料制成。
11.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）的层由厚度为5 至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5 至30 mm的聚合物材料制成。
12.如权利要求1或2中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述夹层粘接剂层（2； 4）由聚氨酯（PU）、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛（PVB）或乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯（EVA）制成，其中第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的厚度为3至10 mm，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）的厚度为0.5至4 mm。
13.如权利要求10中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第一玻璃板（1）由厚度为2至4 mm的无机玻璃制成。
14.如权利要求10中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，聚合物材料是聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）。
15.如权利要求3中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）和所述第三玻璃板（5）以及任选地随后的板由厚度为5 至10 mm的无机玻璃制成，或者由厚度为5 至30mm的聚合物材料制成。
16.如权利要求11中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，所述第二玻璃板（3）由厚度为最多20 mm的聚合物材料制成。
17.如权利要求11中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，聚合物材料是聚(甲基丙烯酸甲酯)（PMMA）。
18.如权利要求12中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第一夹层粘接剂层（2）的厚度为4至8 mm。
19.如权利要求3中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）和任选地随后的层的厚度为0.5至4 mm。
20.如权利要求19中所述的层压装配玻璃，其特征在于，第二夹层粘接剂层（4）和任选地随后的层的厚度为最多等于2 mm。
21.如权利要求1至20中任一项所述的层压装配玻璃作为建筑物，陆地、空中或水上交通工具的装配玻璃或用于城市设施的装配玻璃的用途。
22.如权利要求21中所述的用途，其用作飞行器驾驶舱装配玻璃。
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