CN110899321A - Method for restoring soil of agricultural land polluted by arsenic by planting electrically-coupled water spinach - Google Patents
Method for restoring soil of agricultural land polluted by arsenic by planting electrically-coupled water spinach Download PDFInfo
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- CN110899321A CN110899321A CN201911278036.5A CN201911278036A CN110899321A CN 110899321 A CN110899321 A CN 110899321A CN 201911278036 A CN201911278036 A CN 201911278036A CN 110899321 A CN110899321 A CN 110899321A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
- B09C1/085—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically electrochemically, e.g. by electrokinetics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inhibiting swamp cabbage from absorbing arsenic and immobilizing soil arsenic on arsenic-polluted soil through electric power, which not only immobilizes the arsenic in soil of an agricultural land, but also obtains swamp cabbage without arsenic pollution. Firstly, ploughing an agricultural land polluted by arsenic, and planting water spinach seedlings in longitudinal and transverse directions. Then, the positive electrode is inserted into the soil, the migration rule of arsenic in the soil and the growth attribute of the water spinach are changed through the electric power, the arsenic in the soil is promoted to be subjected to morphological change, the biological effective state is converted into a residue state and is fixed in the soil, and the purpose of reducing the biological effectiveness of the arsenic in the soil is achieved. The method not only can efficiently immobilize arsenic in soil, but also cannot transfer the arsenic into leaves and stems of the water spinach, and the arsenic content in the obtained water spinach is far lower than the limit value of the arsenic in the food safety national standard food limit (GB 2762-2012).
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for enhancing phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil by using an electric field. The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to an in-situ remediation method for arsenic-polluted agricultural land soil. Belongs to the technical field of soil remediation.
Background
Arsenic contamination of soil has become a worldwide environmental problem. The problem of arsenic contamination of the soil in agricultural fields will also lead to the accumulation of arsenic in food products and raise problems with food safety and human health. Because arsenic in soil is basically impossible to remove by a natural purification mode, the arsenic-polluted soil must be artificially treated and repaired to achieve the purposes of fixing, isolating, reducing toxicity or removing the arsenic in the soil.
Researchers at home and abroad carry out a great deal of research work aiming at the problem of arsenic-polluted soil remediation, and the used methods are various. The repair principle can be divided into physical repair, chemical repair and biological repair. Common physical methods include soil replacement and vitrification, chemical methods include solidification stabilization, soil washing and electrokinetic methods, and biological methods include plant and microbial remediation techniques. Although these techniques have their advantages, in practice, excavation is often performed first and then further treatment is performed, so that the amount of work is large and the cost is high, and it is difficult to implement the techniques in a large-area soil remediation project. In addition, the soil treated by the chemical method has low agricultural recycling value because the fertility and the ecological system of the soil are seriously damaged, so that the soil is difficult to become a green and efficient soil remediation technology.
Phytoremediation technology is a method of utilizing plants to remediate a contaminated environment. The plant restoration technology has the characteristics of low cost, no environmental damage, suitability for large-area restoration projects and the like, is suitable for the basic national conditions of China, and has great research and application values. The method has the characteristics of green restoration and sustainable restoration, so that the method is widely concerned by scientific researchers in recent years.
The electrokinetic repairing technology combines the electrodialysis and the electromigration of ions in the polluted soil, an electrode is inserted into the soil, then low-strength direct current is conducted to form an electric field gradient, metal ions directionally move under the action of the electric field, and the metal ions are enriched and concentrated to be treated or recycled near the electrode, so that the polluted soil is repaired. In recent years, the combined use of electrokinetic remediation and phytoremediation for remediation of contaminated soils has emerged from literature reports and patent applications.
24.8.2018, the application of university of Changzhou discloses an invention patent application, a method for remediating heavy metal contaminated soil by combining electrodynamics with plants (CN 108435770A). The electrokinetic remediation and the ryegrass planting are combined together to remediate the cadmium contaminated soil, after the electrokinetic action is carried out for 48 days, cadmium is mainly enriched at the root of the ryegrass, and the stem leaf part is less. The ryegrass has to be uprooted in order to remove cadmium in the soil, and the thin roots of the ryegrass are very developed, so that the thin roots of the ryegrass are difficult to clean by uprooting the ryegrass, and a large amount of cadmium still remains in the soil. In addition, because a small part of heavy metal cadmium still enters stem leaves of ryegrass, the ryegrass containing the heavy metal cadmium generated after the soil is repaired is not suitable for being used as animal feed any more, otherwise, the heavy metal cadmium is accumulated in animal bodies, and the safety of meat food is influenced. Usually, the ryegrass enriched with heavy metal cadmium can only be disposed in a landfill. Farmers use fields occupied by the ryegrass in the ryegrass planting process, spend chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and corresponding time and energy and other cost investments, and do not obtain any economic crops as returns in the ryegrass planting and soil remediation process, so that the remediation mode without economic benefits is difficult to be accepted by the farmers, and the government departments are also difficult to continuously invest a large amount of funds to carry out soil remediation, and the remediation mode is still not sustainable on the economic level. In addition, the ryegrass is only effective for enriching cadmium in soil and has no effect on purifying arsenic.
20 days 4 and 2018, a patent is granted by river and sea university, and a cadmium-polluted paddy field soil combined remediation method (ZL 201510881965.0) combining dry-wet regulation and control with electric power and enriched plants is provided. The method adopts dry and wet regulation of soil moisture content and carries out rice production by interplanting crops. The method comprises the steps of planting rice in an effective cadmium output area, namely an anode area, of electrodynamic force restoration to reduce cadmium absorption of the rice, planting cadmium hyperaccumulation plants in an effective cadmium concentration enrichment area, namely a cathode area, and absorbing the effective cadmium by the hyperaccumulation plants to realize restoration of the polluted soil. Under the action of the electric power, cadmium is linearly and continuously distributed between a positive stage and a negative stage and is not completely concentrated in a cathode region, so that the cadmium is still concentrated in rice grains of an anode region by rice planted in the anode region, the concentration of the cadmium in the rice grains is reduced, and the grain safety cannot be guaranteed. In addition, the technology is only suitable for the enrichment and the remediation of cadmium and is not suitable for the removal of arsenic in soil.
The patent of invention is disclosed in Shenzhen research institute of Beijing university, 5.27.2019, and a method (CN109772876A) for remedying the soil polluted by arsenic for agricultural land by planting electro-dynamic coupling pepper, wherein the electro-dynamic method is adopted to promote the effective arsenic in the soil to be transferred into the root, stem and leaf of the pepper, so that the concentration of the arsenic in the soil is reduced, and meanwhile, no arsenic enrichment phenomenon exists in pepper fruits. The technology promotes the transfer in soil and obtains the pepper without arsenic pollution.
Although the method reduces the bioavailable arsenic in the soil, the arsenic transferred to the plant plants still needs to be buried or incinerated, and secondary pollution exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a green and economically sustainable repair technology: the electric power technology and the water spinach planting are coupled to repair the arsenic-polluted agricultural land soil, so that the soil arsenic can be solidified and stabilized, and the water spinach meeting the national food safety standard can be obtained.
In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the method repairs the soil polluted by arsenic by coupling the electrodynamic force technology and the water spinach planting, solidifies and stabilizes the arsenic in the soil by the action of the electrodynamic force and the root system of the water spinach, and obtains the water spinach without arsenic pollution.
The specific implementation steps are as follows:
preparing the water spinach seedling. The method specifically comprises the following steps: firstly, soaking seeds used in the test in pure water for 12-24h, then placing the seeds in a moist surface dish for accelerating germination, and transplanting water spinach seedlings into nutrient soil for seedling culture after 0.3-0.5cm of roots grow out. After 10-15 days of seedling culture, the water spinach seedlings are transplanted to the pretreated polluted agricultural land soil. Wherein the nutrient soil is formed by mixing fertile garden soil and fully decomposed organic ring fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-7: 1-3; mixing pig manure and straw stalks according to the mass ratio of 4-8:1-2, composting for 15-21 days at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, and naturally decomposing for 25-30 days at normal temperature to obtain the organic ring fertilizer.
Ploughing, digging and sprinkling 50cm of soil on the surface layer of the arsenic-polluted agricultural land to ensure that the soil humidity is 40-60%. Planting the cultivated water spinach seedlings in soil in an equi-spaced longitudinal and transverse linear arrangement mode, wherein the space between every two longitudinal and transverse water spinach seedlings is 30-60 cm. Two graphite felt electrode plates with the length, width and thickness of 350cm, 60cm and 0.3cm are inserted into soil, the top of the electrode material is flush with the surface of the soil and is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply to form the electrodynamic force device. The two electrode plates are inserted into the middle of the two rows of water spinach seedlings, and the distance between the two electrode plates is 90-180cm, which is 3 times of the distance between the two water spinach seedlings; the length of the electrode plate is 210-420cm, which is 7 times of the distance between two water spinach. The voltage applied to the soil by the electrodynamic force device is 0.1-2V/cm, the anode and the cathode of the electrodynamic force device are exchanged every 24 hours, and the current direction in the soil is changed.
After 60 days of operation, more than 95% of arsenic in the soil in a biological effective state is solidified and stabilized to be in a residue state, and the arsenic content in the water spinach is far lower than the limit value of arsenic in the national food Standard for food safety (GB 2762-2012).
The invention has the following characteristics:
(1) the electric force promotes the arsenic to migrate in the soil, so that the arsenate ions can more easily reach the root system area of the water spinach, and the concentration of the arsenic in the soil around the root system is improved.
(2) The electric power changes the microenvironment around the root system of the water spinach, and further changes the growth attribute of the water spinach.
(3) Heavy metal arsenic is only enriched in the area near the root system of the water spinach, is solidified and stabilized by the root system of the water spinach and secretion thereof, and is not enriched in the water spinach, thereby ensuring the quality safety of agricultural products.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the electrokinetic-coupled water spinach planting for repairing arsenic-contaminated soil according to the invention.
In the figure: 1. water spinach, 2 graphite felt electrode plates and 3 direct current power supplies.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Preparing the water spinach seedling. Firstly, soaking seeds used in the test in pure water for 12-24h, then placing the seeds in a moist surface dish for accelerating germination, and transplanting water spinach seedlings into nutrient soil for seedling culture after 0.3-0.5cm of roots grow out. After 10-15 days of seedling culture, the water spinach seedlings are transplanted to the pretreated polluted agricultural land soil. Wherein the nutrient soil is formed by mixing fertile garden soil and fully decomposed organic ring fertilizer according to the proportion of 5-7: 1-3; mixing pig manure and straw stalks according to the mass ratio of 4-8:1-2, composting for 15-21 days at the temperature of 30-60 ℃, and naturally decomposing for 25-30 days at normal temperature to obtain the organic ring fertilizer.
The soil of the agricultural land polluted by certain arsenic in Hunan province is selected as the experimental field, the total arsenic concentration in the soil is 288mg/kg, the effective arsenic concentration is 126mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 5.8. Ploughing, digging and sprinkling water to 50cm of the surface layer of the soil, so that the humidity of the soil is kept at 55-60%. The selected water spinach variety is caulis et folium piperis. The water spinach seedlings are planted in the soil in an equally-spaced longitudinal and transverse linear arrangement mode, and the interval between every two longitudinal and transverse water spinach seedlings is 50 cm. Two graphite felt electrode plates with the length, width and thickness of 350cm, 60cm and 0.3cm are inserted into soil, the top of the electrode material is flush with the surface of the soil and is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply to form the electrodynamic force device. The two electrode plates are inserted into the middle of the two rows of water spinach seedlings, and the distance between the two electrode plates is 150 cm. 3-row Chinese cabbage seedlings are planted between the two electrode plates, as shown in figure 1. The voltage applied to the soil by the electric power device is 1.0V/cm, and the anode and the cathode of the electric power device are exchanged every 24 hours to change the current direction in the soil.
The above experimental group to which the electrodynamic action is applied is referred to as a coupling repair group. Meanwhile, an experimental control group which only plants the water spinach and does not apply an electric field is arranged at a position 50 meters away from the coupling restoration group, and the soil treatment mode and the water spinach planting mode are completely the same as those of the coupling restoration group, so that the influence of the electrodynamic force on arsenic enrichment of the water spinach is examined.
When the electric field is applied to operate for 60 days, the average content of arsenic in the water spinach roots of the coupling restoration group is 168.6mg/kg, which is 41.1 percent of the content of a comparison group, the content of effective arsenic in soil is 3.2mg/kg, which is 2.5 percent of the content of the comparison group, and more than 95 percent of the effective arsenic in the soil is converted into residue arsenic; the average content of arsenic in the stem and leaf of the water spinach is 0.1mg/kg, which is only 2.8% of that in a control group, and is far lower than the limit value of 0.5mg/kg of arsenic in fresh vegetables in the pollutant limit of national food standards for food safety (GB 2762-2012).
Example 2
Preparation of the seedlings of water spinach, as described in example 1.
The soil of the agricultural land polluted by certain arsenic in Hunan province is selected as the experimental site, the total arsenic concentration in the soil is 198mg/kg, the effective arsenic concentration is 85.5mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 5.5. Ploughing, digging and sprinkling water to 50cm of the surface layer of the soil, so that the humidity of the soil is kept at about 45-50%. The water spinach variety is swamp cabbage in Sichuan. The water spinach seedlings are planted in the soil in an equally-spaced longitudinal and transverse linear arrangement mode, and the space between every two longitudinal and transverse water spinach seedlings is 60 cm. Inserting two graphite felt electrode plates with the length, width and thickness of 420cm, 60cm and 0.3cm into soil, wherein the top of the electrode material is flush with the surface of the soil and is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply to form the electrodynamic force device. The two electrode plates are inserted into the middle of the two rows of water spinach seedlings, and the distance between the two electrode plates is 180 cm. 3-row Chinese cabbage seedlings are planted between the two electrode plates, as shown in figure 1. The voltage applied to the soil by the electric power device is 0.7V/cm, and the anode and the cathode of the electric power device are exchanged every 24 hours to change the current direction in the soil.
The above experimental group to which the electrodynamic action is applied is referred to as a coupling repair group. Meanwhile, an experimental control group which only plants the water spinach and does not apply an electric field is arranged at a position 50 meters away from the coupling restoration group, and the soil treatment mode and the water spinach planting mode are completely the same as those of the coupling restoration group, so that the influence of the electrodynamic force on arsenic enrichment of the water spinach is examined.
When the electric field is applied to operate for 60 days, the average content of arsenic in the water spinach roots of the coupling restoration group is 68.5mg/kg, which is 30.6 percent of the content of a comparison group, the content of effective arsenic in soil is 3.1mg/kg, which is 3.6 percent of the content of the comparison group, and more than 95 percent of the effective arsenic in the soil is converted into residue arsenic; the average content of arsenic in the stem and leaf of the water spinach is 0.15mg/kg, which is only 3.2% of that in a control group, and is far lower than the limit value of 0.5mg/kg of arsenic in fresh vegetables in the pollutant limit of national food standards for food safety (GB 2762-2012).
Example 3
Preparation of the seedlings of water spinach, as described in example 1.
The soil of the agricultural land polluted by arsenic in Hunan province is selected as the experimental field, the total arsenic concentration in the soil is 356mg/kg, the effective arsenic concentration is 138.5mg/kg, and the pH value of the soil is 6.1. Ploughing, digging and sprinkling water to 50cm of the surface layer of the soil, so that the humidity of the soil is kept at about 50-55%. The water spinach variety is selected to be the Guangdong green. The water spinach seedlings are planted in the soil in an equally-spaced longitudinal and transverse linear arrangement mode, and the space between every two longitudinal and transverse water spinach seedlings is 30 cm. Two graphite felt electrode plates with the length, width and thickness of 210cm, 60cm and 0.3cm are inserted into soil, the top of the electrode material is flush with the surface of the soil and is respectively connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a direct current power supply to form the electrodynamic force device. The two electrode plates are inserted into the middle of the two rows of water spinach seedlings, and the distance between the two electrode plates is 90 cm. 3-row Chinese cabbage seedlings are planted between the two electrode plates, as shown in figure 1. The voltage applied to the soil by the electric power device is 1.5V/cm, and the anode and the cathode of the electric power device are exchanged every 24 hours to change the current direction in the soil.
The above experimental group to which the electrodynamic action is applied is referred to as a coupling repair group. Meanwhile, an experimental control group which only plants the water spinach and does not apply an electric field is arranged at a position 50 meters away from the coupling restoration group, and the soil treatment mode and the water spinach planting mode are completely the same as those of the coupling restoration group, so that the influence of the electrodynamic force on arsenic enrichment of the water spinach is examined.
When the electric field is applied to operate for 60 days, the average content of arsenic in the water spinach roots of the coupling restoration group is 58.5mg/kg, which is 10.5% of the content of a control group, the content of effective arsenic in soil is 5.8mg/kg, which is 4.1% of the content of the control group, and more than 95% of the effective arsenic in the soil is converted into residue arsenic; the average arsenic content in stem and leaf of water spinach is 0.2mg/kg, which is only 4.1% of that in the control group, and is far lower than the limit value of 0.5mg/kg of arsenic in fresh vegetables in the pollutant limit of national food Standard for food safety (GB2762-2012)
Finally, it should be noted that: it should be understood that the above examples are only for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for restoring soil of an agricultural land polluted by arsenic by planting an electrodynamic force coupling water spinach is characterized by comprising the following steps: the electric power technology and the water spinach planting are coupled to repair the soil polluted by arsenic in the agricultural land, the arsenic in the soil is solidified and stabilized through the coupling effect of the electric power and the roots of the water spinach, and meanwhile, the water spinach without arsenic pollution is obtained.
2. The method for remedying the soil of the agricultural land polluted by arsenic by planting the electrodynamic force coupled water spinach as claimed in claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the electric power device is inserted into soil, the voltage applied to the soil by the electric power device is 0.1-2V/cm, the anode and the cathode of the electric power device are exchanged every 24 hours, and the current direction in the soil is changed.
3. The method for remediating arsenic-contaminated soil for agricultural use by electrically-coupled water spinach planting as claimed in claim 2, wherein the electrically powered device comprises two graphite felt electrode plates inserted into the soil, the length x width x thickness of the graphite felt electrode plates being 350cm x 60cm x 0.3cm, and a dc power source, the electrode materials being inserted into the soil with the top flush with the soil surface; the distance between the two electrode plates is 90-180cm, which is 3 times of the distance between the two water spinach; the length of the electrode plate is 210-420cm, which is 7 times of the distance between two water spinach.
4. A method for remediating arsenic contaminated soil for agricultural use by electro-kinetically coupled water spinach as claimed in any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the soil is subjected to a pre-treatment, in particular: the surface layer of the soil is loosened by 50cm, and the soil humidity is kept between 40 and 60 percent.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein the selected species of water spinach is one or more of the group consisting of Guangdong green cabbage, Sichuan water spinach, Water spinach in Guangdong, caulis et folium piperis, and water spinach in Sichuan.
6. The method for remediating arsenic contaminated soil of agricultural land as claimed in claim 5, wherein the swamp cabbage is planted in a manner of being arranged in a straight line with equal intervals in a longitudinal and transverse direction, and the interval between each two of the longitudinal and transverse plants is 30-60 cm.
7. The coupling repair method of claim 1, wherein: after 60 days of operation, more than 95% of the arsenic in the biological effective state in the soil is immobilized and converted into arsenic in a residue state; the arsenic content in the water spinach fruits is far lower than the limit value of arsenic in the pollutant limit of national food Standard for food safety (GB 2762-2012).
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103843488A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-06-11 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Method for constructing plow layer soil on stony desertification ground surface by using heavy-metal polluted bottom mud |
| CN107400515A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-28 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of chemical-biological passivator and preparation method thereof |
| CN109772876A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-21 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of method that electric power coupling pepper planting repairs arsenic pollution farming land soil |
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- 2019-12-12 CN CN201911278036.5A patent/CN110899321A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103843488A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2014-06-11 | 轻工业环境保护研究所 | Method for constructing plow layer soil on stony desertification ground surface by using heavy-metal polluted bottom mud |
| CN107400515A (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2017-11-28 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A kind of chemical-biological passivator and preparation method thereof |
| CN109772876A (en) * | 2019-03-25 | 2019-05-21 | 北京大学深圳研究生院 | A kind of method that electric power coupling pepper planting repairs arsenic pollution farming land soil |
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| N. K. MATHIEU’，曾希柏，李莲芳,等: "几种叶类蔬菜对砷吸收及累积特性的比较研究", 《农业环境科学学报》 * |
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Application publication date: 20200324 |