CN110878946A - Primary air preheating system for grate type garbage incinerator - Google Patents
Primary air preheating system for grate type garbage incinerator Download PDFInfo
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- CN110878946A CN110878946A CN201911249277.7A CN201911249277A CN110878946A CN 110878946 A CN110878946 A CN 110878946A CN 201911249277 A CN201911249277 A CN 201911249277A CN 110878946 A CN110878946 A CN 110878946A
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- primary air
- alkali liquor
- heat exchange
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- preheating system
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
- F23L15/04—Arrangements of recuperators
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
- F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses a primary air preheating system for a grate type garbage incinerator, which comprises: a primary air blower, an air duct type finned tube heat exchanger and a primary air duct; the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger comprises: a plurality of heat exchange units, a primary air inlet (1), a primary air outlet (2), an alkali liquor inlet (3) and an alkali liquor outlet (4); each heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of finned tubes (7) and a shell (8), the heat exchange units are mutually fixed by welding the shells (8), and the plurality of heat exchange units form a main body of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; the upper end and the lower end of the main body are respectively welded with a supporting tube plate, the upper end supporting tube plate (5) is connected with the primary air outlet (2), and the lower end supporting tube plate (6) is connected with the primary air inlet (1). The primary air preheating system not only meets the requirements of on-site heat exchange quantity, but also meets the requirements of on-site safety, reliability, high efficiency and automatic operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental engineering, in particular to a primary air preheating system for a grate type garbage incinerator.
Background
As is well known, a garbage incinerator is an apparatus for incinerating garbage.
In practical engineering application, for example, garbage can be lifted into a hopper from a garbage pool through a garbage crane and then enters a blanking chute; according to the instruction of combustion control, the hydraulic feeder is used to push the garbage into the incinerator at a set speed, the incinerator is internally provided with a fire grate consisting of fixed fire grate segments and movable fire grate segments, and the two fire grate segments are sequentially arranged according to a certain inclination, so that the garbage can be continuously stirred and pushed forward by the reverse movement of the fire grate. The garbage is dried, burned and burned out to realize complete combustion, so that the residual combustible in the slag controls the thermal ignition loss rate of the slag to be less than or equal to 3 percent, and the slag is finally sent to a slag tapping machine. The primary air for combustion supporting is pumped out from the upper part of the garbage pool by a primary fan, is heated to the air temperature of 220 ℃ by a steam-air preheater, enters a public air chamber at the bottom of the fire grate, finally enters a hearth for combustion through air adjusting baffles of each air chamber, and also plays a role in cooling the fire grate segment. The air quantity of the primary air is controlled by the speed regulation of a primary fan frequency converter and an air door. Secondary air is taken from the incinerator room by a secondary fan and is sprayed into the incinerator from secondary nozzles above a front arch and a rear arch of an incinerator hearth so as to mix air and flue gas, secondary combustion of combustible gas is realized, and the concentration of CO in the flue gas is reduced to the minimum; and the flue gas stays for more than 2 seconds at the temperature of 850 ℃ so as to ensure that the dioxin is completely decomposed.
In the prior art, in order to control the temperature of primary air, a steam inlet pipeline of a two-section type steam air preheater is provided with a regulating valve for control; the first-stage steam of the air preheater comes from the first-stage extraction steam of the steam turbine and has the parameters of 1.10MPa and 280 ℃, and the second-stage steam comes from saturated steam and has the parameters of 4.7MPa and 265 ℃. Slag generated after the garbage incineration is extinguished and cooled by water in a slag extractor, and then the slag is pushed out by a hydraulic drive slag removing machine; the other function of the water in the slag extractor is water sealing to prevent air from leaking into the furnace through the slag extractor and ensure negative pressure of a hearth. The waste incineration generates heat energy and generates steam through a waste heat boiler, the waste heat boiler is a single-drum natural circulation water pipe boiler, and the lower part of the waste heat boiler is provided with a grate and a heat insulation hearth. A first flue, a second flue and a third flue are arranged above the hearth and are of membrane type water-cooled wall structures; an evaporator, a three-level convection superheater and a plurality of groups of economizers are sequentially arranged in a fourth flue which is horizontally arranged. The high-temperature flue gas is discharged into a flue gas purification system after being absorbed by heat and cooled by the first, second, third and fourth flues. After the boiler water supplement is pressurized by a water supply pump, 4 waste heat boilers are supplied with water and desuperheating water through a high-pressure water supply main pipe; the feed water enters the steam pocket after being heated by the economizer. The saturated steam generated from the steam drum passes through a superheater (low temperature, medium temperature and high temperature) and a secondary water spray desuperheater to obtain superheated steam with the pressure of 4.0MPa (a) and the temperature of 400 ℃, and the steam generated by 4 waste heat boilers is collected to a main pipe to be used for 2 steam turbine generator sets to generate power.
In the prior art, a primary air system of a grate type incinerator consists of a primary fan, a primary air preheater and an air duct. The primary air is mainly taken from the garbage pit and the outlet of a furnace wall cooling draught fan, and air is sucked from the high position of the garbage pit to keep the garbage pit at a certain negative pressure so as to prevent odor in the pit from escaping. The gases are heated by the air preheater through the primary fan and are blown upwards to the garbage layer along the lower part of the fire grate, so that enough oxygen is provided for the garbage incineration at the initial stage of combustion, and meanwhile, the coking on the surface of the fire grate is effectively reduced. The working conditions of different grate areas can be more effectively and accurately controlled by using small air doors with independent and controllable opening degrees, and the air supply quantity of any grate section can be automatically or manually adjusted to achieve the required air quantity. For example, aiming at the characteristics of a certain plant incinerator, primary air is heated to 220 ℃ through a steam air preheater, so that heat is effectively utilized, and the incineration efficiency is improved; in order to adapt to the combustion of high-moisture and low-calorific-value garbage, a primary air steam air preheater is arranged, steam is extracted from a steam turbine, the primary air is heated to 140 ℃ in one section of the preheater, and the primary air is heated to 220 ℃ in the second section of the preheater.
However, in practical engineering applications, the initial inlet air temperature of the primary air of the grate type garbage incinerator is not high, and saturated steam heating and steam pumping heating are generally adopted, so that the heat energy consumption is large, and the cost is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at various defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a novel primary air preheating energy-saving technical scheme, which mainly comprises the step of ingeniously utilizing primary air of a grate type garbage incinerator heated by alkali liquor waste heat in a power plant process so as to reduce the steam consumption, increase the total power generation capacity of a system and improve the economic benefit.
Specifically, the present invention provides a primary air preheating system for a grate-type garbage incinerator, comprising:
primary air blower, primary air alkali liquor heater and primary air channel.
The invention also provides a primary air preheating method of the grate type garbage incinerator, which comprises the following steps:
feeding the heated alkali liquor in the alkali liquor water tank into a primary air alkali liquor heater, reversely flowing with primary air in the primary air alkali liquor heater for heat exchange, and heating the primary air to 50-60 ℃; and returning the alkali liquor subjected to heat exchange to the alkali liquor tank for heating.
Wherein, preferably, the primary air alkali liquor heater is an air duct type finned tube heat exchanger;
wherein, preferably, the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger comprises: a plurality of heat exchange units, a primary air inlet, a primary air outlet, an alkali liquor inlet and an alkali liquor outlet; each heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of finned tubes and a shell, the heat exchange units are mutually fixed by welding the shells, and the plurality of heat exchange units form a main body of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the bottom of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor outlet, the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the top of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor inlet, the upper end and the lower end of the main body are respectively welded with a supporting tube plate, wherein the upper end of the supporting tube plate is connected with the primary air outlet, and the lower end of the supporting tube plate is connected with the primary air inlet.
Preferably, the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator further comprises an alkali liquor tank for heating alkali liquor, the alkali liquor outlet returns to the alkali liquor tank through a pipeline, and an alkali liquor outlet of the alkali liquor tank is communicated to an alkali liquor inlet.
More preferably, the alkali liquor output port is also connected with a branch, and the branch is sent into the smoke washing tower after passing through the temperature regulating equipment.
Preferably, the branch of the heated alkali liquor in the alkali liquor water tank is sent to a temperature adjusting device, the temperature of the branch is adjusted to the temperature capable of being sent to the smoke washing tower, and then the branch is sent to the smoke washing tower; and returning the alkali liquor sent out from the smoke washing tower to the alkali liquor tank.
It is worth adding that the alkali liquor in the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator can be from a power plant process.
Preferably, each heat exchange unit comprises an upper row of finned tubes and a lower row of finned tubes, and the two rows of finned tubes are arranged in a staggered mode.
Preferably, the operating parameters of the air duct finned tube exchanger include:
preferably, the operating parameters of the air duct finned tube exchanger include:
further preferably, the operating parameters of the air duct finned tube exchanger include:
preferably, the primary air duct is inclined and communicated with a water outlet of the primary air blower for discharging leaked alkali liquor.
Preferably, the material of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger is 316L stainless steel. The 316L stainless steel heat transfer element has the function of preventing alkali liquor corrosion, can not cause obvious corrosion failure, and has the advantages of convenient maintenance, long maintenance period and the like.
Preferably, the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator further comprises an adjusting valve and a PLC control unit. The regulating valve can be used for regulating water quantity according to different seasons, so that the safety of the system is ensured; the PLC control unit can set manual and automatic operation modes, for example, no operation is required after the valve is manually opened to the corresponding valve position.
Preferably, the temperature regulating device regulates the temperature of the alkali liquor fed into the smoke washing tower to 45-55 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the alkali liquor fed into the temperature regulating device and/or the primary air alkali liquor heater is more than or equal to 60 ℃.
In summary, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator successfully preheats primary air by using alkali liquor so as to reduce the usage amount of primary steam. In addition, the primary air preheating system adopts a low-smoke-resistance design, and the pressure head of a primary air blower is enough to overcome the side resistance of primary air, so that the influence on the incinerator is avoided; even if the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger has the problems of leakage and the like, the alkali liquor can flow down along the tube wall through the inclined primary air duct and flow out through the water outlet of the primary air blower, so that the normal operation of the blower is not influenced. Compared with other types of heat exchangers (such as shell-and-tube type, heat pipe type, plate-fin type and the like), the stainless steel air duct type finned tube heat exchanger adopted by the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator has the advantages of safety, reliability, simple processing technology, low cost and the like, and is particularly suitable for gas-liquid heat exchange occasions. In addition, because the primary air is relatively clean, the influence on scaling and the like of the finned tubes is small, the possibility of blockage of the newly added primary air preheating system is low, and the reliability of the field operation of the system is greatly improved.
In conclusion, the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator not only meets the requirement of on-site heat exchange quantity, but also meets the requirements of on-site safety, reliability, high efficiency and automatic operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a ducted finned tube heat exchanger according to the present invention; wherein, (A) is the front view of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger, (B) is the left view of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger, and (C) is the top view of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger;
wherein, 1-primary air inlet, 2-primary air outlet, 3-alkali liquor inlet, 4-alkali liquor outlet, 5-upper end supporting tube plate, and 6-lower end supporting tube plate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the heat exchange unit of the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger according to the invention;
wherein, 7-finned tube, 8-shell.
FIG. 3 is a field installation view of the ducted finned tube heat exchanger according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of the field operation of the primary air lye heater according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a primary air preheating system for a grate-type garbage incinerator according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention specifically includes: a primary air blower, a primary air alkali liquor heater and a primary air channel; wherein the primary air alkali liquor heater is an air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; wherein the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger comprises: a plurality of heat exchange units, a primary air inlet 1, a primary air outlet 2, an alkali liquor inlet 3 and an alkali liquor outlet 4; each heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of finned tubes 7 and a shell 8, the heat exchange units are mutually fixed by welding the shells 8, and the heat exchange units form a main body of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the bottom of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor outlet 4, the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the top of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor inlet 3, the upper end and the lower end of the main body are respectively welded with a supporting tube plate, wherein the upper end supporting tube plate 5 is connected with the primary air outlet 2, and the lower end supporting tube plate 6 is connected with the primary air inlet 1.
In a preferred embodiment, each heat exchange unit comprises an upper row of finned tubes and a lower row of finned tubes, and the two rows of finned tubes are staggered.
In a preferred embodiment, the operating parameters of the air duct finned tube exchanger include:
in a further preferred embodiment, the operating parameters of the air duct finned tube exchanger include:
in a preferred embodiment, the primary air duct is inclined and communicated with a water outlet of the primary air blower for discharging leaked alkali liquor.
In a preferred embodiment, the air duct finned tube exchanger is made of 316L stainless steel.
In a preferred embodiment, the primary air preheating system for the grate-type garbage incinerator further comprises a regulating valve and a PLC control unit.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1 to 4, the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator is adopted in the embodiment, and the primary air preheating system comprises: a primary air blower, a primary air alkali liquor heater and a primary air channel; the primary air alkali liquor heater is an air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger comprises: a plurality of heat exchange units, a primary air inlet 1, a primary air outlet 2, an alkali liquor inlet 3 and an alkali liquor outlet 4; each heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of finned tubes 7 and a shell 8, the heat exchange units are mutually fixed by welding the shells 8, and the heat exchange units form a main body of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; finned tubes of the heat exchange units positioned at the bottom of the main body are connected with the alkali liquor outlet 4, finned tubes of the heat exchange units positioned at the top of the main body are connected with the alkali liquor inlet 3, and the upper end and the lower end of the main body are respectively welded with a supporting tube plate, wherein the upper supporting tube plate 5 is connected with the primary air outlet 2, and the lower supporting tube plate 6 is connected with the primary air inlet 1; each heat exchange unit comprises an upper row of finned tubes and a lower row of finned tubes, and the two rows of finned tubes are arranged in a staggered mode; the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger is made of 316L stainless steel; in addition, the primary air preheating system for the grate type garbage incinerator further comprises an adjusting valve and a PLC control unit.
In the engineering site of the embodiment, 4 grate type garbage incinerators with garbage treatment capacity of 500 tons/day are provided, and according to the survey of the heat source and the heat-requiring process in the early stage, the waste heat resource of the alkali liquor in the power plant process is found to be rich, the alkali liquor is cooled by using river water before, in addition, the initial inlet air temperature of the existing primary air is not high, and the air preheater adopts saturated steam heating and steam-pumping heating; in this embodiment, the primary air preheating system is used to heat the primary air at 20-40 ℃ with the existing alkali liquor at about 60 ℃ to reduce the steam consumption, increase the total power generation of the system, and improve the economic benefit.
It is worth to be noted that the direction of the alkali liquor of the primary air alkali liquor heater is as follows: the alkali liquor is led out from an alkali wet water tank in the flue gas chamber to an inlet main pipe of the plate heat exchanger, an alkali liquor pipeline is led to a primary air alkali liquor heater in the boiler chamber along the outer wall of the slaked lime chamber, the process water tank and the slag pit, and the alkali wet water tank is re-fed after heat release. The process utilizes alkali liquor to preheat primary air, and improves the air temperature at the inlet end of the air preheater; meanwhile, the heat load of the plate heat exchanger is reduced, and the temperature of the alkali wet water tank is properly reduced.
In the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger, air flows outside the tube, heat exchange is enhanced, resistance is controllable, and alkali liquor flows inside the tube.
Specifically, the alkali liquor and combined drainage waste heat recovery calculation table obtained by calculation according to part of parameters and field survey data provided by users is shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 alkali liquor and waste heat recovery calculation table for combined drainage
The data in the analysis table 1 show that when the temperature of the fresh air inlet changes from 20 ℃ to 40 ℃ in different seasons, the absorbed thermal power has a certain difference, which varies from 157 kW to 471kW, the annual net power generation yield of a single heat exchanger is about 28 ten thousand, 4 heat exchangers totally account for about 112 ten thousand yuan, and the economic benefit is obvious.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A primary air preheating system for a grate-type garbage incinerator, comprising:
a primary air blower, a primary air alkali liquor heater and a primary air channel;
wherein the primary air alkali liquor heater is an air duct type finned tube heat exchanger;
wherein the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger comprises: a plurality of heat exchange units, a primary air inlet (1), a primary air outlet (2), an alkali liquor inlet (3) and an alkali liquor outlet (4); each heat exchange unit comprises a plurality of finned tubes (7) and a shell (8), the heat exchange units are mutually fixed by welding the shells (8), and the heat exchange units form a main body of the air duct type finned tube heat exchanger; the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the bottom of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor outlet (4), the finned tube of the heat exchange unit positioned at the top of the main body is connected with the alkali liquor inlet (3), the upper end and the lower end of the main body are respectively welded with a supporting tube plate, wherein the upper end supporting tube plate (5) is connected with the primary air outlet (2), and the lower end supporting tube plate (6) is connected with the primary air inlet (1).
2. The primary air preheating system for a grate-type garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein each of said heat exchange units comprises two rows of finned tubes, said two rows of finned tubes being staggered.
3. The primary air preheating system for a stoker-type waste incinerator according to claim 1 wherein the operating parameters of the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger include:
4. the primary air preheating system for a stoker-type waste incinerator according to claim 3 wherein the operating parameters of the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger include:
5. the primary air preheating system for a stoker-type garbage incinerator according to claim 1, wherein said primary air duct is inclined and communicates with a discharge port of said primary air blower for discharging leaked alkali liquor.
6. The primary air preheating system for a stoker-type waste incinerator according to claim 1 wherein the air duct-type finned tube heat exchanger is 316L stainless steel.
7. The primary air preheating system for the grate-type garbage incinerator according to claim 1, further comprising an alkali liquor tank for heating alkali liquor, wherein the alkali liquor outlet (4) is returned to the alkali liquor tank through a pipeline, and an alkali liquor outlet of the alkali liquor tank is communicated to the alkali liquor inlet (3).
8. The primary air preheating system for the grate-type garbage incinerator according to claim 7, wherein the alkali liquor outlet is further connected with a branch, and the branch is sent to the smoke washing tower after passing through the temperature adjusting device.
9. A primary air preheating method of a grate type garbage incinerator is characterized by comprising the following steps:
feeding the heated alkali liquor in the alkali liquor water tank into a primary air alkali liquor heater, reversely flowing with primary air in the primary air alkali liquor heater for heat exchange, and heating the primary air to 50-60 ℃; and returning the alkali liquor subjected to heat exchange to the alkali liquor tank for heating.
10. The primary air preheating method according to claim 9, further comprising:
feeding the branch of the heated alkali liquor in the alkali liquor water tank into a temperature adjusting device, adjusting the temperature to the temperature capable of being fed into the smoke washing tower, and then feeding into the smoke washing tower; and returning the alkali liquor sent out from the smoke washing tower to the alkali liquor tank.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112294980A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-02 | 天津卓优智顺科技有限公司 | Series-connection straight-through type high-temperature steam disinfection device |
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| CN205979859U (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-02-22 | 四川烨晶化工装备有限公司 | Air preheater |
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| CN207738458U (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-08-17 | 宜昌新洋丰肥业有限公司 | A kind of complementary energy recovery device for production of ammonium phosphate line |
| CN108626714A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-10-09 | 河南省德耀节能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of generating power with biomass combustion system and its boiler exhaust gas processing unit |
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| CN112294980A (en) * | 2020-12-01 | 2021-02-02 | 天津卓优智顺科技有限公司 | Series-connection straight-through type high-temperature steam disinfection device |
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