CN111520696A - Exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure burning high-calorific-value garbage - Google Patents
Exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure burning high-calorific-value garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN111520696A CN111520696A CN202010349461.5A CN202010349461A CN111520696A CN 111520696 A CN111520696 A CN 111520696A CN 202010349461 A CN202010349461 A CN 202010349461A CN 111520696 A CN111520696 A CN 111520696A
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 86
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 206010022000 Influenza Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increased Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium(3+) Chemical class [Al+3] REDXJYDRNCIFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/22—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion under pressure substantially exceeding atmospheric pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B31/00—Modifications of boiler construction, or of tube systems, dependent on installation of combustion apparatus; Arrangements of dispositions of combustion apparatus
- F22B31/08—Installation of heat-exchange apparatus or of means in boilers for heating air supplied for combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/10—Water tubes; Accessories therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D1/00—Feed-water heaters, i.e. economisers or like preheaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22G—SUPERHEATING OF STEAM
- F22G1/00—Steam superheating characterised by heating method
- F22G1/02—Steam superheating characterised by heating method with heat supply by hot flue gases from the furnace of the steam boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L15/00—Heating of air supplied for combustion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
Abstract
The invention discloses a waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high-calorific-value garbage, which comprises an incineration hearth, and a first flue, a second flue and a third flue which are sequentially connected along the flow direction of flue gas, wherein a high-temperature-level heating surface is arranged in the first flue, a water-cooling evaporation screen and a low-temperature-level heating surface are sequentially arranged in the second flue along the flow direction of the flue gas, and an economizer is arranged in the third flue. The waste heat boiler arrangement structure capable of burning high-calorific-value garbage can be realized, and compared with the existing scheme, the system has the advantages of small occupied area, light weight of the boiler, high heat transfer temperature, sufficient temperature and pressure of a convection area and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat boilers burning high calorific value, in particular to a waste heat boiler arrangement structure burning more than 10MJ/kg of calorific value
Background
At present, the heat value of the design working condition of domestic garbage power plants is generally 6MJ/kg to 8MJ/kg, along with popularization of garbage classification policies and further improvement of the living standard of people, the heat value of urban domestic garbage is bound to show the trend of increasing year by year, and at present, the heat value of the design fuel of the garbage power plants is generally 11MJ/kg or more in developed countries such as Denmark, Germany, America and the like. It is predicted that the design heat value of domestic municipal solid waste will reach or exceed 10MJ/kg after several years, and the high heat value waste proportion will increase year by year.
Meanwhile, as the garbage power generation technology, particularly the high-temperature corrosion resistance technology, becomes mature day by day, the steam parameter selection of the garbage waste heat boiler is developed to a higher parameter more and more, the steam parameter of a part of domestic planning projects even reaches a second high-temperature high-pressure parameter (9.8MPa, 485 ℃) from the early middle temperature and pressure (4MPa, 400 ℃) to the currently popular middle temperature and pressure (6.4MPa, 450 ℃), and in addition, the introduction of a heat-carrying system into the waste heat boiler is beneficial to improving the power of a steam turbine, the efficiency of the whole plant can be expected to be improved by about 4%, the economy is considerable, and the garbage waste heat boiler with one reheating is also one of the current hot spots and is more and more concerned by the power plant.
The conventional garbage waste heat boiler generally adopts a four-flue or five-flue structure, namely a one-two air flue and three-flue convective heat transfer and a four-flue economizer (arranged vertically) or a one-two three air flue and horizontal flue convective heat transfer and an economizer flue (arranged horizontally), and has complex overall arrangement and loose structure. In order to control high-temperature corrosion, the temperature of the flue gas higher than the inlet flue gas is generally required to be controlled within 600 ℃, on the other hand, in order to meet the environmental protection standard, the retention time of the flue gas in a first flue region above 850 ℃ is required to be not less than 2S under various working conditions, a refractory castable is laid in most of the first flue water-cooled wall region, and the heat absorption capacity of the first flue region is extremely small so as to meet the requirement of the retention time.
Aiming at a waste heat furnace system with future high heat value (more than 10MJ/kg), high parameters (main steam 6.4MPa, 450 ℃ and above) and one-time reheating, the conventional arrangement scheme can not meet the requirements, and the main reason is that: firstly, as the main steam parameter is improved, the temperature of working media at the inlets of the superheater and the reheater is improved (for example, 9.8MPa corresponds to the temperature of the inlet of the superheater being 309 ℃), and on the premise of ensuring that the temperature of smoke at the inlet is controlled within 600 ℃, the heat exchange temperature and pressure of a convection heat exchange area, particularly a low-smoke temperature area, are very limited, heat transfer needs to be met by accumulating a large amount of areas of the superheater (reheater, if the superheater exists), superheater redundancy is caused, and the boiler weight and the investment cost are greatly increased; secondly, in the reheating unit, because the superheater absorbs heat and the reheater absorbs heat, the total heat absorption capacity required by the working medium side in the convection area is greatly increased, the maximum heat release capacity (from 600 ℃ to the saturated steam temperature of a steam drum) of the flue gas side is a certain value, the maximum heat release capacity of the flue gas side is smaller than the heat absorption capacity required by the working medium side along with the improvement of steam parameters, and the arrangement of the heating surface of the waste heat furnace is difficult; thirdly, aiming at the high heat value garbage, the theoretical combustion temperature is more than 1200 ℃, the requirement of 850 ℃ and 2S can be met under the condition that one flue absorbs heat to a certain extent, and the heat absorption capacity of the first flue in the existing scheme is very little, so that the waste of heat exchange temperature and pressure in a high smoke temperature area is caused.
The prior art does not mention how to increase the heat exchange temperature and pressure of a superheater (reheater, if any) area, or how to solve the problem of difficult arrangement of a heating surface caused by the fact that the maximum heat release of a convection area is less than the required heat absorption capacity, or how to arrange a waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value waste in detail. That is, the core problem that how to increase the heat exchange temperature and pressure of the superheater and reheater (if any) area, how to ensure that the maximum heat release amount of the convection area is larger than the required heat absorption amount, and how to effectively utilize the heat exchange temperature and pressure of the first flue high-smoke temperature area on the basis of ensuring the retention time is solved when the high-heat value garbage is burned.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides an exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure capable of burning high-calorific-value garbage.
The invention provides a waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high-calorific-value garbage, which comprises an incineration hearth, and a first flue, a second flue and a third flue which are sequentially connected along the flow direction of flue gas, wherein a high-temperature-level heating surface is arranged in the first flue, a water-cooling evaporation screen and a low-temperature-level heating surface are sequentially arranged in the second flue along the flow direction of the flue gas, and an economizer is arranged in the third flue.
According to one embodiment of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage, the first flue is a water-cooling flue, the second flue is a water-cooling flue, and the third flue is a water-cooling flue, a steam-cooling flue or a combined flue of water cooling and steam cooling.
According to one embodiment of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage, the high-temperature-stage heating surface is arranged in the middle of the first flue and is arranged in a concurrent flow manner; the water-cooling evaporation screen adopts a screen type structure and comprises an upper header and a lower header and a water-cooling tube bundle, and the water-cooling evaporation screen and the low-temperature-level heating surface are arranged in a countercurrent mode.
According to one embodiment of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage, the high-temperature-level heating surface is of a coiled pipe structure, the header of the high-temperature-level heating surface is arranged outside the first flue and close to the front side of the incineration hearth, and an anticorrosive material is arranged on the surface of the pipe wall of the high-temperature-level heating surface.
According to an embodiment of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage, the high-temperature-stage heating surface at least comprises a high-temperature-stage superheater and also comprises a high-temperature-stage reheater; the low-temperature-stage heating surface at least comprises a low-temperature-stage superheater and also comprises a low-temperature-stage reheater.
According to one embodiment of the arrangement of the waste heat boiler combusting high-heat value garbage, the low-temperature-level heating surface which is not arranged in the second flue is arranged at the upstream of the economizer in the third flue, and the evaporator which is arranged at the upstream or the downstream of the low-temperature-level heating surface is arranged in the second flue or the third flue.
According to one embodiment of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high-heat value garbage, the waste heat boiler arrangement structure further comprises an air preheating unit and a feed water heating unit, the feed water heating unit heats part of feed water sent to the economizer by using saturated steam from the boiler barrel, and the air preheating unit extracts steam from the boiler barrel and the steam turbine and preheats primary air and secondary air.
According to an embodiment of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high calorific value garbage, the flue gas flow of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure is as follows: high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the garbage in the burning hearth sequentially flows through the first flue, the second flue and the third flue and is led out from an outlet of the coal economizer to enter a flue gas purification system.
According to one embodiment of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the first flue is controlled to be 800-850 ℃, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the water-cooling evaporation screen is controlled to be 500-650 ℃, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the second flue is controlled to be 300-400 ℃, and the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the third flue is controlled to be 180-220 ℃.
According to an embodiment of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high heat value garbage, when the high-temperature-stage heating surface and the low-temperature-stage heating surface do not include the high-temperature-stage reheater and the low-temperature-stage reheater, the steam-water flow of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that feed water is firstly introduced into an economizer and then introduced into a drum through a connecting pipe, drum water in the drum is respectively sent to a first flue, a second flue, a third flue and a water-cooling evaporation screen to exchange heat with flue gas, saturated steam in the drum is introduced into a low-temperature stage superheater through the connecting pipe, then flows through the high-temperature stage superheater and is introduced into a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine to do work through an outlet of the high-temperature stage superheater;
when the high-temperature level heating surface and the low-temperature level heating surface comprise a high-temperature level reheater and a low-temperature level reheater, the steam-water flow at the reheated steam side in the waste heat boiler arrangement structure is as follows: the reheated steam is introduced from the side of the steam turbine and sent to the low-temperature stage reheater, flows through the high-temperature stage reheater and then is led out from the outlet of the high-temperature stage reheater, and then is sent to the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.
Compared with the conventional scheme, the overall heat exchange temperature and pressure of the areas of a superheater and a reheater (if any) in the waste heat boiler arrangement structure burning high-calorific-value garbage are high, the required heat exchange area can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the maximum heat release quantity of a convection area is larger than the required heat absorption quantity. Particularly, the whole waste heat boiler with the structure is composed of three flues, one to two flues are saved compared with the existing scheme, and the whole layout of the system is compact and the structure is simple.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat boiler arrangement burning high calorific value waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat boiler arrangement burning high calorific value waste according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-an incineration hearth, 2-a first flue, 3-a second flue, 4-a third flue, 5-an economizer outlet, 6-a high-temperature level heating surface, 7-a water-cooling evaporation screen, 8-a low-temperature level heating surface, 9-an economizer and 10-a boiler barrel.
Detailed Description
All of the features disclosed in this specification, or all of the steps in any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations of features and/or steps that are mutually exclusive.
Any feature disclosed in this specification may be replaced by alternative features serving equivalent or similar purposes, unless expressly stated otherwise. That is, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature is only an example of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The following describes the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high calorific value garbage in detail.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat boiler arrangement burning high calorific value waste according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 2 shows a schematic structural diagram of a waste heat boiler arrangement burning high calorific value waste according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the arrangement structure of a waste heat boiler burning high calorific value waste includes an incineration furnace 1, and a first flue 2, a second flue 3, and a third flue 4 connected in sequence along a flow direction of flue gas, wherein a high temperature stage heating surface 6 is disposed in the first flue 2, a water-cooled evaporation screen 7 and a low temperature stage heating surface 8 are disposed in the second flue 3 in sequence along the flow direction of flue gas, and an economizer 9 is disposed in the third flue 4.
Because the theoretical combustion temperature of the garbage with high heat value (more than 10MJ/kg) is more than 1200 ℃, and the requirement of more than 850 ℃ for 2S can be met under the condition that the first flue 2 is provided with a proper amount of heating surfaces, the invention arranges the high-temperature heating surface 6 in the first flue 2 area, effectively utilizes the heat exchange temperature and pressure of the high smoke temperature area, and greatly reduces the required heat exchange area.
Preferably, the high-stage heating surface includes at least a high-stage superheater, and of course, a high-stage reheater. The high-temperature-stage heating surface 6 is arranged in the middle of the first flue 2 and is arranged in a concurrent flow mode, so that the low high-temperature corrosion rate and the high heat transfer temperature and pressure can be considered, if the position is too low, the smoke temperature is too high, the high-temperature corrosion rate is accelerated, if the position is too high, the heat transfer temperature and pressure are reduced, and the required heat exchange area is increased.
The first flue 2 is a water-cooling flue, the high-temperature-stage heating surface 6 preferably adopts a coiled pipe structure, and a header of the high-temperature-stage heating surface is arranged outside the first flue 2 and close to the front side of the incineration hearth 1. Besides, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the first flue 2 is controlled to be between 800 and 850 ℃.
In order to control the high-temperature corrosion, the surface of the pipe wall of the high-temperature stage heating surface 6 in the first flue 2 area needs to take necessary anti-corrosion measures into consideration, such as arranging anti-corrosion materials, for example, selecting a metal or non-metal material with high-temperature resistance and corrosion resistance, so as to isolate the pipe wall from directly contacting with the flue gas and prolong the service life of the high-temperature stage heating surface.
The second flue 3 is also a water-cooled flue in which a water-cooled evaporation screen 7 and a low-temperature stage heating surface 8 are arranged. Wherein, the water-cooling evaporation screen 7 adopts a screen structure and comprises an upper header, a lower header and a water-cooling tube bundle, and the water-cooling evaporation screen and the low-temperature heating surface are preferably arranged in a countercurrent mode to improve the heat exchange efficiency. Likewise, the low-stage heating surface 8 includes at least a low-stage superheater and may also include a low-stage reheater. The low-temperature stage superheater can comprise a low-temperature superheater and a medium-temperature superheater.
In order to control the high-temperature corrosion of the downstream area, the temperature of the outlet flue gas of the water-cooling evaporation screen 7 is preferably controlled to be 500-650 ℃, and the temperature of the outlet flue gas of the second flue is preferably controlled to be 300-400 ℃.
Compared with a high-temperature level heating surface, the working medium side temperature of the low-temperature level heating surface is relatively low, the actual operation wall temperature is also low, the calculated wall temperature of the region is usually not more than 400 ℃, the flue gas side temperature is not more than 650 ℃, and therefore, the pipe wall of the low-temperature level heating surface does not need to consider an anti-corrosion measure independently. And moreover, as the high-temperature-level heating surface moves forwards to the first flue, the actually required total heat absorption capacity of the working medium side of the convection heat exchange area of the low-temperature-level heating surface is greatly reduced, and the maximum heat release capacity of the area can be ensured to be larger than the required heat absorption capacity. In addition, the temperature of the smoke at the inlet of the area is slightly higher than that of the conventional scheme, the temperature of the working medium side is lower than that of the conventional scheme, the heat exchange temperature and pressure are larger than that of the conventional scheme, and the heat exchange area required by the low-temperature heating surface can be effectively reduced.
The third flue 4 can be a water cooling flue, a steam cooling flue or a combined flue of water cooling and steam cooling, wherein the economizer 9 is arranged to further reduce the smoke temperature, and the smoke temperature at the outlet of the economizer or the smoke temperature at the outlet of the third flue is preferably controlled to be 180-220 ℃. Wherein, the economizer can be arranged in multiple stages.
Furthermore, the second flue 3 can also be arranged upstream of the economizer in the third flue, due to the space-limited arrangement of the low-stage heating surfaces 6. Also, the second 3 or third 4 flues may also be arranged with evaporators (not shown) arranged upstream or downstream of the low temperature stage heating surface to further enhance the cooling effect.
Through the adjustment of the arrangement, on one hand, the heat exchange area can be reduced, on the other hand, the maximum heat release of a convection heat exchange area can be ensured to be larger than the required heat absorption capacity, meanwhile, the high-temperature stage heating surface is moved forward to the first flue, necessary anti-corrosion measures are taken into consideration, the heat exchange temperature and pressure of a high smoke temperature area of the first flue are effectively utilized while the smoke retention time is met, and the high-temperature corrosion is controllable.
Furthermore, the waste heat boiler arrangement of the present invention further comprises an air preheating unit (not shown) and a feedwater heating unit (not shown). The feed water heating unit heats part of feed water sent to the economizer 9 by using saturated steam from the drum 10, so that the economizer is prevented from low-temperature corrosion, and simultaneously the smoke exhaust temperature is ensured to meet the requirements of a flue gas purification system; the air preheating unit extracts steam from the drum 10 and the steam turbine and preheats primary air and secondary air. Wherein the drum 10 heats the drain water from the economizer 9 and supplies it to the water-cooled heated surfaces in the respective flues.
Therefore, the smoke flow of the waste heat boiler arrangement structure comprises the following steps: high-temperature flue gas generated by burning garbage in the incineration hearth 1 sequentially flows through the first flue 2, the second flue 3 and the third flue 4 and is led out from an outlet of the economizer 9 to enter a flue gas purification system (not shown).
Moreover, when the high-temperature-stage heating surface 6 and the low-temperature-stage heating surface 8 do not include a high-temperature-stage reheater and a low-temperature-stage reheater, the steam-water flow of the exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure in the invention is as follows: the feed water is firstly introduced into an economizer 9 and then introduced into a drum 10 through a connecting pipe, the drum 10 is used for supplying the drum water to a first flue 2, a second flue 3, a third flue 4, a water-cooling evaporation screen 7 and an evaporator (if any) for heat exchange with the flue gas, the saturated steam of the drum 10 is introduced into a low-temperature stage superheater 8 through the connecting pipe, then flows through a high-temperature stage superheater 6 and is introduced to a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine from an outlet of the high-temperature stage superheater 6 for acting.
When the high-temperature-stage heating surface and the low-temperature-stage heating surface comprise a high-temperature-stage reheater and a low-temperature-stage reheater, the steam-water flow at the reheated steam side in the waste heat boiler arrangement structure of the invention is as follows: the reheated steam is introduced from the side of the steam turbine and sent to the low-temperature stage reheater, flows through the high-temperature stage reheater and then is led out from the outlet of the high-temperature stage reheater, and then is sent to the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.
Based on the technical scheme, the system is particularly suitable for treating the garbage with high calorific value, the whole system consists of three flues, one to two flues are saved compared with the conventional scheme, the whole layout is compact, and the occupied area and the investment cost are saved.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, the designed fuel is domestic garbage, the fuel composition is shown in Table 1, the low calorific value is 11000kj/kg, the garbage treatment capacity is 400t/d, and the boiler design parameters are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 1 design fuel composition for example 1
Table 2 boiler parameters for example 1
| Name (R) | Unit of | 100％BMCR |
| Main steam flow | t/h | 54.4 |
| Main steam outlet pressure | MPa(g) | 13.8 |
| Main steam outlet temperature | ℃ | 510 |
| Reheat steam flow | t/h | 44.4 |
| Reheat steam inlet pressure | MPa(g) | 2.66 |
| Reheat steam outlet pressure | MPa(g) | 2.49 |
| Reheat steam inlet temperature | ℃ | 330 |
| Outlet temperature of reheat steam | ℃ | 495 |
| Temperature of feed water | ℃ | 130 |
| Theoretical combustion temperature | ℃ | 1252 |
The technical solution of the present embodiment is explained below with reference to fig. 1.
The waste heat boiler adopts a single-drum, natural circulation, once intermediate reheating and incineration grate combustion mode. Garbage is fed from a feeding port and is combusted in an incineration hearth 1, and generated high-temperature flue gas flows through a first flue 2, a second flue 3 and a third flue 4 in sequence, is led out through an economizer outlet 5 and enters a flue gas purification system.
A high-temperature level heating surface 6 is arranged in the first flue 2, and specifically comprises: the high-temperature superheater and the high-temperature reheater are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the flue gas, and the high-temperature level heating surface is arranged in a downstream mode.
A water-cooling evaporation screen 7 and a low-temperature level heating surface 8 are arranged in the second flue 3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the device comprises a water-cooling evaporation screen, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and a low-temperature reheater which are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of flue gas, wherein the water-cooling evaporation screen and the low-temperature level heating surface are both arranged in a countercurrent mode.
An evaporator and an economizer are arranged in the third flue 4, and the evaporator and the economizer specifically comprise: the evaporator, the economizer 1, the economizer 2 and the economizer 3 are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the flue gas, and the evaporator and the economizer are arranged in a reverse flow manner.
And (3) surfacing the surface of the pipe wall of the high-temperature-stage heating surface 6 with high-temperature-resistant and corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy, wherein the surfacing design thickness is 2.5 mm.
The smoke temperature of each area under the design working condition is as follows: the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the first flue 2 is 820 ℃, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the water-cooling evaporation screen 11 is 630 ℃, the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the second flue 3 is 330 ℃, and the designed exhaust gas temperature of the boiler (the temperature of the smoke at the outlet of the third flue) is 190 ℃.
Example 2:
in the embodiment, the designed fuel is domestic garbage, the fuel composition is shown in Table 3, the low calorific value is 10000kj/kg, the garbage treatment capacity is 300t/d, and the boiler design parameters are shown in Table 2 below.
Table 3 design fuel composition for example 2
Table 4 boiler parameters for example 2
The technical solution of the present embodiment is explained below with reference to fig. 2.
Wherein, the waste heat boiler adopts a single-drum, natural circulation and incineration grate combustion mode. The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the embodiment does not include a reheating system, the design heat value and the garbage capacity are slightly different, and the arrangement of the main heating surface is adjusted correspondingly.
A high-temperature level heating surface 6 is arranged in the first flue 2, and specifically comprises: and a high-temperature superheater is arranged in the middle of the first flue 2, and the designed thickness of the surfacing is 2 mm.
A water-cooling evaporation screen 7 and a low-temperature level heating surface 8 are arranged in the second flue 3, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: a water-cooling evaporation screen, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and an evaporator are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of flue gas.
An economizer is arranged in the third flue 4, and specifically comprises the following steps: the coal economizer 1, the coal economizer 2, the coal economizer 3 and the coal economizer 4 are sequentially arranged along the flow direction of the flue gas.
The remaining settings of the waste heat boiler system correspond to example 1.
By the system configurations of embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, the waste heat boiler arrangement structure burning high calorific value garbage can be realized, and the effect of the above embodiment and the prior art is as shown in table 5 below.
Table 5 comparison of the effects of example 1 and example 2 with the prior art
Compared with the conventional garbage waste heat boiler arrangement structure, the garbage waste heat boiler arrangement structure has the following advantages:
1) the whole system consists of three flues, one to two flues are saved compared with the conventional scheme, the occupied land can be saved by more than 30 percent, and the total weight of the boiler is reduced by more than 20 percent;
2) the first flue is provided with a high-temperature level heating surface, the heat transfer temperature and pressure can reach 500 ℃, the temperature and pressure are more than 3 times of those of the conventional scheme, the high-temperature level heating surface can be at least saved by 60%, meanwhile, as high-heat value garbage is combusted, the theoretical combustion temperature is more than 1200 ℃, and even if the first flue is provided with a certain number of heating surfaces, the requirement that the flue gas stays for 2 seconds in a flue temperature region of more than 850 ℃ can be ensured;
3) the average heat exchange temperature and pressure in the convection heat exchange area of the second flue can reach more than 120 ℃, which is more than 2 times of that of the conventional scheme, the low-temperature heating surface can be saved by 50 percent, and the heating surface of the economizer is correspondingly increased for maintaining the exhaust gas temperature;
4) the high-temperature-level heating surface moves forward, and the low-temperature-level convection heat exchange area has enough temperature and pressure, so that the problem that the heat absorption quantity required by the high-parameter convection heat exchange area, especially the convection heat exchange area of the waste heat boiler with reheating is larger than the maximum heat release quantity is solved, and the arrangement of the heating surface of the convection area is more flexible;
5) the high-temperature level heating surface takes necessary anti-corrosion measures into consideration, the service life of the tube panel of the high-temperature level heating surface can be ensured to be not less than 6 years, meanwhile, the smoke temperature of the area of the low-temperature level heating surface is strictly controlled, the corrosion of the low-temperature level heating surface is controllable, and the system is safe and reliable in operation.
Through the measures, compared with the prior art, the waste heat boiler arrangement structure for burning high-calorific-value garbage has the advantages of small occupied area, light weight, high heat transfer temperature and pressure, sufficient temperature and pressure in a convection area and the like.
The invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel feature or any novel combination of features disclosed in this specification and any novel method or process steps or any novel combination of features disclosed.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a burn exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure of high calorific value rubbish, includes incineration furnace and first flue, second flue and the third flue that connects in order along the flue gas flow direction, its characterized in that, high temperature level heated surface has been arranged in the first flue, water-cooling evaporation screen and low temperature level heated surface have been arranged along the flue gas flow direction in proper order in the second flue, the economizer has been arranged in the third flue.
2. The arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler combusting high heat value garbage as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first flue is a water cooling flue, the second flue is a water cooling flue, and the third flue is a water cooling flue, a steam cooling flue or a combined flue of water cooling and steam cooling.
3. The arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high calorific value waste as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature stage heating surface is arranged in the middle of the first flue and is arranged in a concurrent flow arrangement; the water-cooling evaporation screen adopts a screen type structure and comprises an upper header and a lower header and a water-cooling tube bundle, and the water-cooling evaporation screen and the low-temperature-level heating surface are arranged in a countercurrent mode.
4. The waste heat boiler arrangement structure combusting high calorific value garbage, according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature stage heating surface adopts a serpentine pipe structure, a header of the high temperature stage heating surface is arranged outside the first flue near the front side of the incineration furnace chamber, and a pipe wall surface of the high temperature stage heating surface is provided with an anticorrosive material.
5. The arrangement of a waste heat boiler burning high calorific value waste according to claim 1, wherein the high temperature stage heating surface comprises at least a high temperature stage superheater, and further comprises a high temperature stage reheater; the low-temperature-stage heating surface at least comprises a low-temperature-stage superheater and also comprises a low-temperature-stage reheater.
6. The arrangement of a waste heat boiler combusting high calorific value waste, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the low temperature stage heating surface of the second flue, which is not arranged down, is arranged upstream of the economizer in the third flue, and the evaporator arranged upstream or downstream of the low temperature stage heating surface is arranged in the second flue or the third flue.
7. The waste heat boiler arrangement combusting high calorific value waste, according to claim 5, further comprising an air preheating unit and a feed water heating unit, the feed water heating unit heating part of feed water fed to the economizer by using saturated steam from the drum, the air preheating unit extracting steam from the drum and the steam turbine and preheating primary air and secondary air.
8. The arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high calorific value garbage according to claim 1, wherein a flue gas flow of the arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler is as follows: high-temperature flue gas generated by burning the garbage in the burning hearth sequentially flows through the first flue, the second flue and the third flue and is led out from an outlet of the coal economizer to enter a flue gas purification system.
9. The arrangement structure of the waste heat boiler burning high-calorific-value garbage as claimed in claim 1 or 8, wherein the outlet flue gas temperature of the first flue is controlled to be 800-850 ℃, the outlet flue gas temperature of the water-cooling evaporation screen is controlled to be 500-650 ℃, the outlet flue gas temperature of the second flue is controlled to be 300-400 ℃, and the outlet flue gas temperature of the third flue is controlled to be 180-220 ℃.
10. The arrangement of a waste heat boiler burning high calorific value waste of claim 7, wherein when the high temperature stage heating surface and the low temperature stage heating surface do not include the high temperature stage reheater and the low temperature stage reheater, the steam-water flow of the arrangement of a waste heat boiler is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that feed water is firstly introduced into an economizer and then introduced into a drum through a connecting pipe, drum water in the drum is respectively sent to a first flue, a second flue, a third flue and a water-cooling evaporation screen to exchange heat with flue gas, saturated steam in the drum is introduced into a low-temperature stage superheater through the connecting pipe, then flows through the high-temperature stage superheater and is introduced into a high-pressure cylinder of a steam turbine to do work through an outlet of the high-temperature stage superheater;
when the high-temperature level heating surface and the low-temperature level heating surface comprise a high-temperature level reheater and a low-temperature level reheater, the steam-water flow at the reheated steam side in the waste heat boiler arrangement structure is as follows: the reheated steam is introduced from the side of the steam turbine and sent to the low-temperature stage reheater, flows through the high-temperature stage reheater and then is led out from the outlet of the high-temperature stage reheater, and then is sent to the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine to do work.
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| CN202010349461.5A CN111520696A (en) | 2020-04-28 | 2020-04-28 | Exhaust-heat boiler arrangement structure burning high-calorific-value garbage |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112856366A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 北京德普新源生态技术有限公司 | Biomass direct-combustion water-cooling vibrating grate steam boiler |
| CN113251427A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-08-13 | 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 | Anti-corrosion arrangement structure and method for heating surface of waste incineration boiler |
-
2020
- 2020-04-28 CN CN202010349461.5A patent/CN111520696A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112856366A (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2021-05-28 | 北京德普新源生态技术有限公司 | Biomass direct-combustion water-cooling vibrating grate steam boiler |
| CN113251427A (en) * | 2021-06-01 | 2021-08-13 | 上海康恒环境股份有限公司 | Anti-corrosion arrangement structure and method for heating surface of waste incineration boiler |
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