CN107120714B - A year-round comprehensive utilization energy-saving system - Google Patents
A year-round comprehensive utilization energy-saving system Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 145
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D3/00—Hot-water central heating systems
- F24D3/18—Hot-water central heating systems using heat pumps
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
- B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/80—Semi-solid phase processes, i.e. by using slurries
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups
- F22D11/02—Arrangements of feed-water pumps
- F22D11/06—Arrangements of feed-water pumps for returning condensate to boiler
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/04—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material using washing fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J2215/00—Preventing emissions
- F23J2215/20—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/12—Hot water central heating systems using heat pumps
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种热电厂锅炉烟气余热用于集中供热或加热锅炉给水的全年化综合利用节能系统，属于热电厂锅炉烟气余热回收与利用技术领域。该烟气余热回收系统的烟气余热回收分为两个部分，首先回收湿式脱硫塔内由脱硫浆液和烟气直接接触换热形成的高温水的热量，采用的设备为吸收式热泵，高位驱动能源来自汽轮机抽汽；初步升温后的水进入设置于除尘器之前的气水换热器，其内有足够的蛇形管道，水从管道流动吸收高温的烟气余热，得到进一步的加热。余热的利用也分为两个部分，采暖季主要用于加热热网回水，若此时水温度能够达到热网要求，则不需进入热网加热器，否则进入热网加热器加热到热网所需的温度。非采暖季则用于提高热电厂锅炉给水温度。
The invention provides an energy-saving system for annual comprehensive utilization of boiler flue gas waste heat in a thermal power plant for centralized heating or boiler feed water heating, and belongs to the technical field of recovery and utilization of boiler flue gas waste heat in a thermal power plant. The flue gas waste heat recovery of the flue gas waste heat recovery system is divided into two parts. First, the heat of high-temperature water formed by the direct contact heat exchange between the desulfurization slurry and the flue gas in the wet desulfurization tower is recovered. The equipment used is an absorption heat pump, driven by a high position. The energy comes from the steam extraction of the steam turbine; the water after initial heating enters the air-water heat exchanger installed in front of the dust collector, and there are enough serpentine pipes in it, and the water flows from the pipes to absorb the high-temperature waste heat of the flue gas for further heating. The use of waste heat is also divided into two parts. In the heating season, it is mainly used to heat the return water of the heating network. If the water temperature can meet the requirements of the heating network at this time, it does not need to enter the heating network heater. The desired temperature of the net. In the non-heating season, it is used to increase the temperature of boiler feed water in thermal power plants.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及热电厂锅炉烟气余热回收与利用领域，尤其涉及到烟气余热直接用于集中供热或加热锅炉给水的全年化综合利用节能系统。The invention relates to the field of recovery and utilization of boiler flue gas waste heat in a thermal power plant, in particular to an annual comprehensive utilization energy-saving system in which the flue gas waste heat is directly used for central heating or boiler feed water heating.
背景技术Background technique
目前热电厂锅炉的烟气余热很少用于回收，而烟气损失一项在锅炉损失中占有最大的比重，因此如果能够回收该项余热，采暖季用于集中供热，非采暖季用于加热锅炉给水将会真正实现热电厂烟气余热的全年化综合利用，在不多耗煤的前提下提高热电厂的效率，从而达到节能减排的目的。热电厂中湿法脱硫应用广泛，如钙法和镁法是最常用的方法，他们的共同点是采用脱硫塔脱硫，脱硫塔内部烟气和脱硫浆液进行直接接触进行热质交换，一方面脱除烟气中的硫和进一步除尘，另一方面将烟气中的显热和部分潜热交换到脱硫浆液中，从而大幅降低烟气出口温度，同时脱硫浆液的温度也将升高到45℃左右，如此高的温度是非常理想的热泵低位热源，远优于其他低位热源，因此回收这部分热量很有必要，结合高温烟气侧的气水换热器，将会提高锅炉效率和热电厂能效，并减少污染物的排放。At present, the waste heat of the flue gas of the thermal power plant boiler is rarely used for recovery, and the flue gas loss accounts for the largest proportion of the boiler loss. Therefore, if the waste heat can be recovered, it can be used for central heating in the heating season and for heating in the non-heating season Boiler feed water will truly realize the year-round comprehensive utilization of waste heat from flue gas in thermal power plants, and improve the efficiency of thermal power plants on the premise of less coal consumption, so as to achieve the purpose of energy saving and emission reduction. Wet desulfurization is widely used in thermal power plants. For example, calcium method and magnesium method are the most commonly used methods. What they have in common is that the desulfurization tower is used for desulfurization. The flue gas inside the desulfurization tower is in direct contact with the desulfurization slurry for heat and mass exchange. Sulfur in the flue gas and further dust removal, on the other hand, the sensible heat and part of the latent heat in the flue gas are exchanged into the desulfurization slurry, thereby greatly reducing the outlet temperature of the flue gas, and the temperature of the desulfurization slurry will also increase to about 45 ° C. Such a high temperature is an ideal low-level heat source for heat pumps, which is far superior to other low-level heat sources. Therefore, it is necessary to recover this part of heat. Combined with the gas-water heat exchanger on the high-temperature flue gas side, it will improve boiler efficiency and thermal power plant energy efficiency, and Reduce pollutant emissions.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的技术方案：Technical scheme of the present invention:
一种热电厂锅炉烟气余热用于集中供热或加热锅炉给水的全年化综合利用节能系统，分为脱硫塔集水池和氧化池一体的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统与脱硫塔集水池和氧化池分开设置的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统两种；An annual comprehensive energy-saving system for boiler flue gas waste heat in a thermal power plant used for central heating or heating boiler feed water, which is divided into an annual comprehensive cascade utilization system for flue gas waste heat integrated with a desulfurization tower sump and an oxidation pool and a desulfurization tower set There are two kinds of year-round comprehensive cascade utilization systems for flue gas waste heat, which are set separately for the water pool and oxidation pool;
脱硫塔集水池和氧化池一体的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统，包括锅炉1、汽轮机2、冷凝设备3、除氧水箱4、锅炉回水泵5、凝结水箱6、低压加热器7、高压加热器8、减温减压器9、气水换热器10、除尘器11、脱硫塔12、烟囱13、吸收式热泵14、脱硫浆液循环泵15、工艺水泵16、脱硫剂输送泵17、风机18、脱硫副产品输送泵19、吹灰控制器28、集水池29和氧化池30；The year-round comprehensive cascade utilization system of flue gas waste heat integrating the desulfurization tower sump and oxidation pool, including boiler 1, steam turbine 2, condensing equipment 3, deoxygenated water tank 4, boiler return pump 5, condensed water tank 6, low-pressure heater 7, High-pressure heater 8, temperature and pressure reducer 9, air-water heat exchanger 10, dust collector 11, desulfurization tower 12, chimney 13, absorption heat pump 14, desulfurization slurry circulation pump 15, process water pump 16, desulfurization agent delivery pump 17 , fan 18, desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19, soot blowing controller 28, water collection tank 29 and oxidation tank 30;
在采暖期，热网回水通过第四三通阀门27进入吸收式热泵14，热网回水在吸收式热泵14中被初次加热至50～65℃；经过初次加热的热网回水从吸收式热泵14出来依次通过第三三通阀门25和第二三通阀门24，再进入气水换热器10 实现二次加热至55～68℃；从气水换热器10出来的二次加热水体经过第一三通阀门22后，依次经过低压加热器7和高压加热器8，使水体被加热至当前集中供热所需的温度，以此实现热网供水；In the heating period, the return water of the heating network enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the fourth three-way valve 27, and the return water of the heating network is heated to 50-65°C for the first time in the absorption heat pump 14; The heat pump 14 passes through the third three-way valve 25 and the second three-way valve 24 in turn, and then enters the air-water heat exchanger 10 to realize secondary heating to 55-68°C; the secondary heating from the air-water heat exchanger 10 After the water body passes through the first three-way valve 22, it passes through the low-pressure heater 7 and the high-pressure heater 8 in sequence, so that the water body is heated to the temperature required by the current central heating, so as to realize the water supply of the heating network;
在非采暖期，热网回水吸收余热的流程不运行，即不经过吸收式热泵14和气水换热器10的二次加热，无需向热网供水；此时冷凝设备3中的冷凝水分为两部分，一部分进入除氧水箱4进行除氧，经过除氧的水通过锅炉回水泵5再次回到锅炉1内使用；另一部分通过第三三通阀门25进入吸收式热泵14，冷凝水在吸收式热泵14中被初步加热之后依次通过第四三通阀门27和第二三通阀门24再进入气水换热器10实现二次加热；从气水换热器10出来的二次加热冷凝水经过第一三通阀门22后，进入除氧水箱4进行除氧，经过除氧的水通过锅炉回水泵5再次回到锅炉1内使用；In the non-heating period, the process of absorbing waste heat by returning water to the heating network does not run, that is, it does not go through the secondary heating of the absorption heat pump 14 and the air-water heat exchanger 10, and does not need to supply water to the heating network; at this time, the condensed water in the condensing device 3 is Two parts, one part enters the deaeration water tank 4 for deaeration, and the deaerated water returns to the boiler 1 again through the boiler return water pump 5 for use; the other part enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the third three-way valve 25, and the condensed water is absorbed After being initially heated in the heat pump 14, it passes through the fourth three-way valve 27 and the second three-way valve 24 and then enters the air-water heat exchanger 10 to realize secondary heating; the secondary heating condensed water coming out of the air-water heat exchanger 10 After passing through the first three-way valve 22, it enters the deaeration water tank 4 for deaeration, and the deaeration water returns to the boiler 1 again for use through the boiler return water pump 5;
锅炉1产生的蒸汽分为两部分，一部分通过减温减压器9进入热网高压加热器8，换热之后进入凝结水箱6；另一部分进入汽轮机2，之后又分为乏汽和抽汽两部分，乏汽进入冷凝设备3，实现冷凝；抽汽分为两部分，第一部分抽汽经过第一阀门20进入热网低压加热器7，换热之后进入凝结水箱6，第二部分抽汽经过第二阀门21进入吸收式热泵14作为驱动热源，之后也进入凝结水箱6；The steam generated by the boiler 1 is divided into two parts, one part enters the heat network high-pressure heater 8 through the temperature and pressure reducer 9, and enters the condensed water tank 6 after heat exchange; the other part enters the steam turbine 2, and then is divided into exhaust steam and extraction steam. part, the exhausted steam enters the condensing equipment 3 to realize condensation; the extraction steam is divided into two parts, the first part of the extraction steam enters the low-pressure heater 7 of the heat network through the first valve 20, and enters the condensate tank 6 after heat exchange, and the second part of the extraction steam passes through The second valve 21 enters the absorption heat pump 14 as a driving heat source, and then also enters the condensed water tank 6;
脱硫塔12内的脱硫浆液通过浆液泵15进入吸收式热泵14，将其热量释放到热网回水之后，降低温度的脱硫浆液再次进入脱硫塔12的喷淋系统，吸收烟气余热并进行脱硫，由此连续产生高温脱硫浆液并再次回到吸收式热泵14；The desulfurization slurry in the desulfurization tower 12 enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the slurry pump 15, releases its heat to the return water of the heat network, and then the desulfurization slurry with reduced temperature enters the spray system of the desulfurization tower 12 again to absorb the waste heat of the flue gas and perform desulfurization , thereby continuously producing high-temperature desulfurization slurry and returning to the absorption heat pump 14 again;
脱硫塔12从上到下依次设置工艺水泵16、脱硫剂输送泵17和脱硫副产品输送泵19，工艺水泵16用于向脱硫塔12内供水，脱硫剂输送泵17用于向脱硫塔12中添加脱硫剂，脱硫塔12内的副产品从脱硫副产品输送泵19排出；脱硫塔12上设有风机18，加速脱硫副产品沉淀；The desulfurization tower 12 is provided with a process water pump 16, a desulfurization agent delivery pump 17 and a desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19 in sequence from top to bottom. The process water pump 16 is used to supply water to the desulfurization tower 12, and the desulfurization agent delivery pump 17 is used to add Desulfurization agent, the by-products in the desulfurization tower 12 are discharged from the desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19; the desulfurization tower 12 is provided with a fan 18 to accelerate the precipitation of the desulfurization by-products;
脱硫塔12内经过脱硫和热质交换后降温的干净烟气进入烟囱13内；The clean flue gas cooled after desulfurization and heat and mass exchange in the desulfurization tower 12 enters the chimney 13;
锅炉1的烟道内首先设置气水换热器10，与热网回水换热后，经过除尘器 11除尘，再进入脱硫塔12进行脱硫处理；In the flue of the boiler 1, an air-water heat exchanger 10 is first arranged, and after exchanging heat with the return water of the heating network, the dust is removed by the dust collector 11, and then enters the desulfurization tower 12 for desulfurization treatment;
气水换热器10连接吹灰控制器28；The air-water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the soot blowing controller 28;
第四阀门26设置于第三三通阀门25和第四三通阀门27之间，当吸收式热泵14进行检修时，关闭第三三通阀门25和第四三通阀门27，热网回水直接通过第四阀门26进入后续流程；The fourth valve 26 is set between the third three-way valve 25 and the fourth three-way valve 27. When the absorption heat pump 14 is overhauled, the third three-way valve 25 and the fourth three-way valve 27 are closed, and the return water of the heating network Directly enter the follow-up process through the fourth valve 26;
第三阀门23设置于第一三通阀门22和第二三通阀门24之间，当气水换热器10进行检修时，关闭第一三通阀门22和第二三通阀门24，热网回水直接通过第三阀门23进入后续流程。The third valve 23 is arranged between the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 24. When the air-water heat exchanger 10 is overhauled, the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 24 are closed, and the heating network The return water directly enters the subsequent process through the third valve 23 .
脱硫塔集水池和氧化池分开设置的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统包括锅炉1、汽轮机2、冷凝设备3、除氧水箱4、锅炉回水泵5、凝结水箱6、低压加热器7、高压加热器8、减温减压器9、气水换热器10、除尘器11、脱硫塔 12、烟囱13、吸收式热泵14、脱硫浆液循环泵15、工艺水泵16、脱硫剂输送泵17、风机18、脱硫副产品输送泵19、吹灰控制器28、集水池29和氧化池30；The year-round comprehensive cascade utilization system of flue gas waste heat, which is set separately from the desulfurization tower sump and oxidation tank, includes boiler 1, steam turbine 2, condensing equipment 3, deoxygenated water tank 4, boiler return pump 5, condensed water tank 6, low-pressure heater 7, High-pressure heater 8, temperature and pressure reducer 9, air-water heat exchanger 10, dust collector 11, desulfurization tower 12, chimney 13, absorption heat pump 14, desulfurization slurry circulation pump 15, process water pump 16, desulfurization agent delivery pump 17 , fan 18, desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19, soot blowing controller 28, water collection tank 29 and oxidation tank 30;
在采暖期，热网回水通过第四三通阀门27进入吸收式热泵14，热网回水在吸收式热泵14中被初次加热至50～65℃；经过初次加热的热网回水从吸收式热泵14出来依次通过第三三通阀门25和第二三通阀门24，再进入气水换热器10 实现二次加热至55～68℃；从气水换热器10出来的二次加热水体经过第一三通阀门22后，依次经过低压加热器7和高压加热器8，使水体被加热至当前集中供热所需的温度，以此实现热网供水；In the heating period, the return water of the heating network enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the fourth three-way valve 27, and the return water of the heating network is heated to 50-65°C for the first time in the absorption heat pump 14; The heat pump 14 passes through the third three-way valve 25 and the second three-way valve 24 in turn, and then enters the air-water heat exchanger 10 to realize secondary heating to 55-68°C; the secondary heating from the air-water heat exchanger 10 After the water body passes through the first three-way valve 22, it passes through the low-pressure heater 7 and the high-pressure heater 8 in sequence, so that the water body is heated to the temperature required by the current central heating, so as to realize the water supply of the heating network;
在非采暖期，热网回水吸收余热的流程不运行，即不经过吸收式热泵14和气水换热器10的二次加热，无需向热网供水；此时冷凝设备3中的冷凝水分为两部分，一部分进入除氧水箱4进行除氧，经过除氧的水通过锅炉回水泵5再次回到锅炉1内使用；另一部分通过第三三通阀门25进入吸收式热泵14，冷凝水在吸收式热泵14中被初步加热之后依次通过第四三通阀门27和第二三通阀门24再进入气水换热器10实现二次加热；从气水换热器10出来的二次加热冷凝水经过第一三通阀门22后，进入除氧水箱4进行除氧，经过除氧的水通过锅炉回水泵5再次回到锅炉1内使用；In the non-heating period, the process of absorbing waste heat by returning water to the heating network does not run, that is, it does not go through the secondary heating of the absorption heat pump 14 and the air-water heat exchanger 10, and does not need to supply water to the heating network; at this time, the condensed water in the condensing device 3 is Two parts, one part enters the deaeration water tank 4 for deaeration, and the deaerated water returns to the boiler 1 again through the boiler return water pump 5 for use; the other part enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the third three-way valve 25, and the condensed water is absorbed After being initially heated in the heat pump 14, it passes through the fourth three-way valve 27 and the second three-way valve 24 and then enters the air-water heat exchanger 10 to realize secondary heating; the secondary heating condensed water coming out of the air-water heat exchanger 10 After passing through the first three-way valve 22, it enters the deaeration water tank 4 for deaeration, and the deaeration water returns to the boiler 1 again for use through the boiler return water pump 5;
锅炉1产生的蒸汽分为两部分，一部分通过减温减压器9进入热网高压加热器8，换热之后进入凝结水箱6；另一部分进入汽轮机2，之后又分为乏汽和抽汽两部分，乏汽进入冷凝设备3，实现冷凝；抽汽分为两部分，第一部分抽汽经过第一阀门20进入热网低压加热器7，换热之后进入凝结水箱6，第二部分抽汽经过第二阀门21进入吸收式热泵14作为驱动热源，之后也进入凝结水箱6；The steam generated by the boiler 1 is divided into two parts, one part enters the heat network high-pressure heater 8 through the temperature and pressure reducer 9, and enters the condensed water tank 6 after heat exchange; the other part enters the steam turbine 2, and then is divided into exhaust steam and extraction steam. part, the exhausted steam enters the condensing equipment 3 to realize condensation; the extraction steam is divided into two parts, the first part of the extraction steam enters the low-pressure heater 7 of the heat network through the first valve 20, and enters the condensate tank 6 after heat exchange, and the second part of the extraction steam passes through The second valve 21 enters the absorption heat pump 14 as a driving heat source, and then also enters the condensed water tank 6;
脱硫塔12内的脱硫浆液进入集水池29，集水池29出水通过浆液泵15进入吸收式热泵14，将其热量释放到热网回水之后，降低温度的出水再次进入脱硫塔12的喷淋系统；The desulfurization slurry in the desulfurization tower 12 enters the sump 29, and the outlet water of the sump 29 enters the absorption heat pump 14 through the slurry pump 15, releases its heat to the return water of the heat network, and the lowered outlet water enters the spray system of the desulfurization tower 12 again ;
脱硫塔12上设置工艺水泵16，用于向脱硫塔12内供水；A process water pump 16 is arranged on the desulfurization tower 12 for supplying water to the desulfurization tower 12;
脱硫剂输送泵17用于向集水池29中添加脱硫剂；The desulfurizing agent delivery pump 17 is used to add desulfurizing agent to the sump 29;
风机18和脱硫副产品输送泵19设置在氧化池30上，集水池29内的副产品通过氧化池30氧化处理后经脱硫副产品输送泵19排出；风机18加速脱硫副产品沉淀；The fan 18 and the desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19 are arranged on the oxidation tank 30, and the by-products in the sump 29 are oxidized by the oxidation tank 30 and then discharged through the desulfurization by-product delivery pump 19; the fan 18 accelerates the desulfurization by-product precipitation;
脱硫塔12内经过脱硫和热质交换后降温的干净烟气进入烟囱13内；The clean flue gas cooled after desulfurization and heat and mass exchange in the desulfurization tower 12 enters the chimney 13;
锅炉1的烟道内首先设置气水换热器10，与热网回水换热后，经过除尘器 11除尘，再进入脱硫塔12进行脱硫处理；In the flue of the boiler 1, an air-water heat exchanger 10 is first arranged, and after exchanging heat with the return water of the heating network, the dust is removed by the dust collector 11, and then enters the desulfurization tower 12 for desulfurization treatment;
气水换热器10连接吹灰控制器28；The air-water heat exchanger 10 is connected to the soot blowing controller 28;
第四阀门26设置于第三三通阀门25和第四三通阀门27之间，当吸收式热泵14进行检修时，关闭第三三通阀门25和第四三通阀门27，热网回水直接通过第四阀门26进入后续流程；The fourth valve 26 is set between the third three-way valve 25 and the fourth three-way valve 27. When the absorption heat pump 14 is overhauled, the third three-way valve 25 and the fourth three-way valve 27 are closed, and the return water of the heating network Directly enter the follow-up process through the fourth valve 26;
第三阀门23设置于第一三通阀门22和第二三通阀门24之间，当气水换热器10进行检修时，关闭第一三通阀门22和第二三通阀门24，热网回水直接通过第三阀门23进入后续流程。The third valve 23 is arranged between the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 24. When the air-water heat exchanger 10 is overhauled, the first three-way valve 22 and the second three-way valve 24 are closed, and the heating network The return water directly enters the subsequent process through the third valve 23 .
本发明的有益效果：本发明提出的系统能够对热电厂烟气余热进行充分的全年化综合梯级利用，增大热电厂的供热能力，有效降低了热电厂的能耗，提高了能源利用效率，降低了热电厂的环境影响。Beneficial effects of the present invention: the system proposed by the present invention can fully utilize the waste heat of the flue gas of the thermal power plant for a full year and comprehensively cascade, increase the heat supply capacity of the thermal power plant, effectively reduce the energy consumption of the thermal power plant, improve energy utilization efficiency, reduce environmental impact of thermal power plants.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是脱硫塔集水池和氧化池一体的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统。Figure 1 is a year-round comprehensive cascade utilization system of flue gas waste heat integrated with the desulfurization tower sump and oxidation pool.
图2是脱硫塔集水池和氧化池分开设置的烟气余热全年化综合梯级利用系统。Figure 2 is a year-round comprehensive cascade utilization system of flue gas waste heat that is set separately from the desulfurization tower water collection pool and oxidation pool.
图中：1锅炉；2汽轮机；3冷凝设备；4除氧水箱；5锅炉回水泵；6凝结水箱； 7低压加热器；8高压加热器；9减温减压器；10气水换热器；11除尘器； 12脱硫塔；13烟囱；14吸收式热泵；15脱硫浆液循环泵；16工艺水泵； 17脱硫剂输送泵；18风机；19脱硫副产品输送泵；20、21、23、26阀门；22、24、25、27三通阀门；28吹灰控制器；29集水池；30氧化池。In the figure: 1 boiler; 2 steam turbine; 3 condensing equipment; 4 deoxygenated water tank; 5 boiler return pump; 6 condensed water tank; 7 low pressure heater; 8 high pressure heater; ;11 dust collector; 12 desulfurization tower; 13 chimney; 14 absorption heat pump; 15 desulfurization slurry circulation pump; 16 process water pump; 17 desulfurization agent delivery pump; 18 fan; ; 22, 24, 25, 27 three-way valve; 28 soot blowing controller; 29 pool; 30 oxidation pool.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
图1所述系统中，在采暖季，三通阀门(22)、(24)、(25)和(27)与热网回水联通。温度为Th的供热回水先流经吸收式热泵(14)，回收脱硫塔(12) 内高温水的热量，温度上升ΔT1，之后经过初步升温的热网回水进入除尘器之前的高温烟气侧气水换热器(10)，通过吸收高温烟气的显热使得温度上升ΔT2。若(Th+ΔT1+ΔT2)≥Tg，即水温达到了当前采暖阶段的供水温度要求，则关闭阀门 20，此时集中供热系统热量完全由烟气余热供给。当室外气温降低，烟气余热量不足以满足供热需求时，即(Th+ΔT1+ΔT2)<Tg，则开启阀门20，启动热网加热器(7)，对热网回水进一步加热，但加热量仅需要满足温升Tg-(Th+ΔT1+ΔT2) 即可，因此可以大幅减少热网加热器的抽汽量。In the system described in Fig. 1, in the heating season, the three-way valves (22), (24), (25) and (27) are connected with the backwater of the heating network. The heating return water with a temperature of T h first flows through the absorption heat pump (14) to recover the heat of the high-temperature water in the desulfurization tower (12), and the temperature rises by ΔT 1 . The gas-water heat exchanger (10) on the flue gas side increases the temperature by ΔT 2 by absorbing the sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas. If (T h +ΔT 1 +ΔT 2 )≥Tg, that is, the water temperature reaches the water supply temperature requirement in the current heating stage, then the valve 20 is closed, and the heat of the central heating system is completely supplied by the waste heat of the flue gas. When the outdoor air temperature drops and the residual heat of the flue gas is insufficient to meet the heating demand, that is, (T h +ΔT 1 +ΔT 2 )<Tg, then open the valve 20, start the heating network heater (7), and return water to the heating network Further heating, but the heating amount only needs to meet the temperature rise Tg-(T h +ΔT 1 +ΔT 2 ), so the steam extraction amount of the heating network heater can be greatly reduced.
图1所述系统中，在非采暖季，若凝结水温度高于脱硫浆液温度，则三通阀(22)、(24)、(25)和(27)与凝结水联通。凝结水先流经吸收式热泵(14)，回收脱硫塔(12)内高温水的热量，之后经过初步升温的凝结水进入除尘器之前的高温烟气侧气水换热器(10)，通过吸收高温烟气的显热使得温度进一步上升。之后送回除氧器，由于锅炉给水获得了额外的温升，因此在锅炉内所需要的热量减少，提高了锅炉的效率。In the system described in Fig. 1, in the non-heating season, if the temperature of the condensed water is higher than the temperature of the desulfurized slurry, the three-way valves (22), (24), (25) and (27) communicate with the condensed water. The condensed water first flows through the absorption heat pump (14) to recover the heat of the high-temperature water in the desulfurization tower (12), and then the condensed water that has been preliminarily heated enters the high-temperature flue gas side gas-water heat exchanger (10) before the dust collector. The sensible heat of the high-temperature flue gas makes the temperature rise further. After that, it is sent back to the deaerator. Because the boiler feed water has an additional temperature rise, the heat required in the boiler is reduced, which improves the efficiency of the boiler.
由于热电厂运行方式和参数不同，若凝结水温度低于脱硫浆液温度，则关闭阀门(21)，采用直接的水水换热方式吸收脱硫内水的热量；如果两者温度相差不多，则关闭阀门(21)，打开阀门(26)，关闭三通阀门(25)和(27)与热泵的连接，这样凝结水将直接进入气水换热器(10)吸收高温烟气的热量，然后返回除氧器。Due to the different operating modes and parameters of thermal power plants, if the condensate temperature is lower than the desulfurization slurry temperature, close the valve (21), and use direct water-to-water heat exchange to absorb the heat of desulfurization internal water; if the two temperatures are similar, close the valve (21), open the valve (26), close the connection between the three-way valves (25) and (27) and the heat pump, so that the condensed water will directly enter the air-water heat exchanger (10) to absorb the heat of the high-temperature flue gas, and then return to the oxygenator.
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