CN112023639A - Device and method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of coal-fired power plant - Google Patents
Device and method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of coal-fired power plant Download PDFInfo
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- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which belong to the field of combustion equipment, and can remove smoke dust and VOC, reduce white smoke and reduce haze; the heat pump technology is adopted to recycle latent heat of low-temperature flue gas, so that energy is saved, the environment is protected, flue gas condensate water can be recycled, and a water-saving effect is achieved; the second pipeline is provided with a condensation pump and an absorption heat pump, and two ends of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the condenser and the condensation water pipeline; the absorption heat pump is communicated with the flue gas cooler to obtain heat from the flue gas cooler.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of combustion equipment, and particularly relates to a device and a method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant.
Background
The statements herein merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
In order to solve the phenomenon of white smoke emission of flue gas at the outlet of a wet desulphurization tower, a coal-fired power plant adopts a rotary flue gas heater (RGGH) or a tubular flue gas heater (MGGH), firstly extracts heat in high-temperature flue gas, and then uses the heat to heat wet flue gas after desulphurization, so that the temperature of the flue gas after wet desulphurization is increased, the relative moisture content of the white smoke is reduced by heating, the flue gas temperature cannot be changed into a saturated state in the process of changing into the ambient temperature, saturated water vapor in the flue gas is prevented from being separated out to form condensed water, and the phenomena of the white smoke and chimney rain are solved.
The inventor finds that most RGGH has pollutants escaping according to the actual operation condition, SO that a series of problems of excessive SO2 emission, heat exchange plate corrosion, dust and scale formation, flue gas blockage, large resistance, high operation and maintenance cost and the like are caused, when the faults are serious, the normal operation of the system is even influenced, the process is gradually eliminated, and most of the installed equipment is dismantled; the heat exchange principle of RGGH and MGGH is that the heat in the high temperature flue gas is extracted and is used for heating the wet flue gas after desulfurization, so that the temperature of the discharged flue gas is changed into the ambient temperature, the discharged flue gas is not in a saturated state, saturated water vapor in the flue gas is prevented from being separated out to form condensate water, the problem of white smoke is solved, a large amount of water vapor is carried away in the flue gas after desulfurization, the smoke dust and VOC in the flue gas can not be reduced, and the latent heat of vaporization in the flue gas is not utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a device and a method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which remove smoke dust and VOC, reduce white smoke and reduce haze; and the latent heat of the low-temperature flue gas is recycled by adopting a heat pump technology, so that the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the flue gas condensate water can be recycled, and the effect of saving water is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the technical scheme of the invention provides a flue gas treatment latent heat recycling device for a coal-fired power plant, which comprises a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is provided with a flue gas cooler and a condenser, and two ends of the first pipeline are respectively communicated with a flue gas outlet and a chimney; the second pipeline is provided with a condensation pump and an absorption heat pump, and two ends of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the condenser and the condensation water pipeline; the absorption heat pump is communicated with the flue gas cooler to obtain heat from the flue gas cooler.
In a second aspect, the technical scheme of the invention also provides a method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, the device is used, flue gas of the coal-fired power plant enters a flue gas cooler through an inlet flue, the flue gas passes through the cooler and is treated by a wet desulphurization tower, unsaturated flue gas is changed into saturated flue gas, the saturated flue gas passes through a condenser and is cooled to separate out a large amount of condensed water, the flue gas condensed water is collected for recycling, and the cooled saturated wet flue gas enters a chimney again and is discharged to the atmosphere;
the condenser condenses the steam discharged by the steam turbine into water, then the water is condensed by the condenser pump to extract a part of condensed water, the condensed water is sent into the absorption heat pump to heat the condensed water, and the latent heat of vaporization released by the condensation of the flue gas by the condenser is sent to the absorption heat pump through the heat source water circulation pump, so that the extraction of the latent heat in the flue gas is completed.
The technical scheme reduces the clean flue gas temperature after wet desulphurization from 50 ℃ to 47 ℃, and according to the unit characteristics, steam turbine low-pressure condensed water is selected as a cooling medium to absorb the heat of flue gas vaporization latent heat, and the condensed water is led out from a main condensed water pipeline of a regenerative system and returns to the main condensed water pipeline after being heated in a heat pump. The heat pump is used as a part of a regenerative system of the steam turbine, the low-grade heat energy of the recycled flue gas is used for replacing the action of part of low-grade exhaust steam, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is exhausted, and the exhausted steam which is exhausted and extruded returns to the steam turbine to continuously do work. When the generated energy is not changed, the coal consumption of the unit can be reduced, the overall heat economy of the unit is improved, and the clean flue gas after wet desulphurization is condensed and cooled, so that the smoke dust and VOC are removed, the white smoke is reduced, and the haze is reduced; the heat pump technology is adopted to recycle the latent heat of the low-temperature flue gas, so that the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the flue gas condensate water can be recycled, and the effect of saving water is achieved.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the sensible heat of the flue gas, the water vapor in the wet flue gas and the latent heat of vaporization of the water vapor are recovered by a heat pump technology to be utilized, the phenomenon that the flue gas at the outlet of a wet desulphurization tower emits white smoke is solved, the smoke dust and VOC in the flue gas are reduced, the haze is reduced, the waste caused by the loss of the water in the wet flue gas is solved, and the problem that the latent heat of vaporization cannot be utilized is solved.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system configuration according to one or more embodiments of the invention.
In the figure: 1-inlet flue 2-flue gas cooler 3-absorption tower 4-condenser 5-heat source water circulating pump 6-absorption heat pump 7-waste heat recovery circulating pump 8-condenser condensed water 9-condensate pump 10-shaft seal fan 11-third low pressure heater 12-second low pressure heater 13-first low pressure heater 14-heat source driving circulating pump 15-chimney.
The spacing or dimensions between each other are exaggerated to show the location of the various parts, and the illustration is for illustrative purposes only.
Detailed Description
It is to be understood that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an", and/or "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the invention expressly state otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof;
for convenience of description, the words "up", "down", "left" and "right" in the present invention, if any, merely indicate correspondence with up, down, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but merely facilitate the description of the invention and simplify the description, rather than indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Term interpretation section: the terms "mounted," "connected," "fixed," and the like in the present invention are to be understood in a broad sense, and for example, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "fixed" may be fixed, detachable, or integrated; the two components can be connected mechanically or electrically, directly or indirectly through an intermediate medium, or connected internally or in an interaction relationship, and the terms used in the present invention should be understood as having specific meanings to those skilled in the art.
As introduced by the background art, aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a latent heat recycling device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which removes smoke dust and VOC, lightens white smoke and reduces haze; and the latent heat of the low-temperature flue gas is recycled by adopting a heat pump technology, so that the energy is saved, the environment is protected, the flue gas condensate water can be recycled, and the effect of saving water is achieved.
Example 1
In a typical embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the embodiment discloses a latent heat recycling device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which includes a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is provided with a flue gas cooler 2 and a condenser 4, and two ends of the first pipeline are respectively communicated with a flue gas outlet and a chimney 15; the second pipeline is provided with a condensing pump 9 and an absorption heat pump 6, and two ends of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with a condenser and a condensed water pipeline; the absorption heat pump 6 is communicated with the flue gas cooler 2.
And a waste heat recovery circulating pump 7 is also arranged between the absorption heat pump 6 and the condensing pump 9 of the second pipeline. The rear end of the condensation pump 9 is also communicated with a shaft seal fan 10 and a plurality of low-pressure heaters.
More specifically, the rear end of the condensate pump 9 is sequentially connected with a shaft seal fan 10, a third low-pressure heater 11, a second low-pressure heater 12 and a first low-pressure heater 13, wherein a pipeline between the third low-pressure heater 11 and the shaft seal fan 10 is communicated with the waste heat recovery circulating pump 7, and a pipeline between the first low-pressure heater 13 and the second low-pressure heater 12 is communicated with the absorption heat pump 6. The shaft seal fan 10 and the third low-pressure heater 11 are condensed water pipes.
The first pipeline is also provided with an absorption tower 3, and the absorption tower 3 is positioned between the flue gas cooler 2 and the condenser 4.
A loop is formed between the flue gas condensing tower and the absorption heat pump 6, and a heat source cold circulating pump is arranged between the flue gas condensing tower and the absorption heat pump 6. A heat source driving circulating pump 14 is arranged between the absorption heat pump 6 and the flue gas cooler 2.
The first pipeline in this embodiment is used for treating flue gas generated by power plant combustion, the second pipeline is used for treating exhaust gas of the steam turbine, the flue gas generated by power plant combustion usually includes high-temperature smoke dust and various pollution gases, the exhaust gas of the steam turbine is steam after work is done inside the steam turbine, and the essence is steam after water heating and temperature raising and pressure raising.
In this embodiment, two kinds of waste gases are treated simultaneously, and energy consumption in the treatment process can be reduced by using the characteristics of the two kinds of waste gases.
Specifically, in the second pipeline, a circulation pipeline is formed between the condensing pump 9 and the absorption heat pump 6, the condensing pump 9 through which the exhaust steam discharged from the exhaust end of the steam turbine passes completes gas-liquid separation, after the gas-liquid separation is completed, the gas continues to move forward to reach the condenser 4 of the first pipeline, after the flue gas passes through the condensing pump 9, the latent heat of vaporization released by the condensation of the water vapor is sent to the absorption heat pump 6, most of the heat is absorbed by the absorption working medium in the heat pump, and the extraction of the latent heat in the flue gas is completed; and a condenser is also arranged at the starting end of the second pipeline, the condenser condenses the exhaust steam discharged by the steam turbine into water, the water is sent to a shaft seal fan 10 through a condensing pump 9, the shaft seal fan 10 prevents the outer steam blocking and leaking of shaft seal steam from outwards bleeding, the heat pump directly heats condensed water 8, the effect of partial low-pressure exhaust steam is replaced, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is squeezed, and the squeezed exhaust steam returns to the steam turbine to continuously do work.
In addition, the liquid also pumps a part of condensed water 8 in front of the third low-pressure heater 11 and behind the second low-pressure heater 12 through a waste heat recovery circulating pump 7 and sends the condensed water into the absorption heat pump 6;
sensible heat extracted by the flue gas cooler 2 in the first pipeline is sent to the absorption heat pump 6 through the heat source driving circulating pump 14 to serve as a driving heat source, the absorption heat pump 6 absorbs sensible heat of unsaturated flue gas and latent heat of saturated flue gas through the heat transfer working medium circulating system, then the condensed water 8 is heated, the condensed water 8 returns to the front of the first low-pressure heater 13, exhaust steam of the steam turbine is exhausted, and the exhausted steam is returned to the steam turbine to continue acting. In the process, the transfer and utilization of latent heat and sensible heat in the flue gas are completed, and the flue gas is recycled for reuse, so that the effect of partial low-steam addition and exhaust steam is replaced, and the coal consumption is saved.
Example 2
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method for recycling latent heat of flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which is characterized by using the apparatus for recycling latent heat of flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, comprises the steps of:
flue gas of a coal-fired power plant enters a flue gas cooler 2 through an inlet flue 1, unsaturated flue gas is changed into saturated flue gas after the flue gas passes through the cooler and is treated, the saturated flue gas passes through a condenser 4, a large amount of condensed water is separated out through cooling, the flue gas condensed water is collected for recycling, and the cooled saturated wet flue gas enters a chimney 15 again and is discharged into the atmosphere;
the condenser condenses the steam turbine exhaust into water, the water is condensed by the condenser 9 to heat the condensed water 8, a part of the condensed water 8 is extracted and sent to the absorption heat pump 6, and the latent heat of vaporization released by the condensation of the steam is sent to the absorption heat pump 6 through the heat source water circulating pump 5 after the steam turbine exhaust passes through the condenser 4, so that the extraction of the latent heat in the flue gas is completed; meanwhile, the condensed water 8 is heated and then returns to the front of the first low-pressure heater 13, exhaust steam of the steam turbine is exhausted, and the exhausted steam which is exhausted and extruded returns to the steam turbine to continuously do work.
Sensible heat extracted by the flue gas cooler 2 is sent to the absorption heat pump 6 through the heat source driving circulating pump 14 to be used as a driving heat source of the heat pump, the absorption heat pump 6 absorbs sensible heat of unsaturated flue gas and latent heat of saturated flue gas through the heat transfer working medium circulating system, and then the condensed water 8 is reheated.
The essence of the wet desulphurization process is that the high-temperature flue gas flows in the desulphurization tower and is continuously cooled and humidified, the moisture in the slurry exchanges heat with the high-temperature flue gas and is evaporated, the temperature of the high-temperature flue gas is continuously reduced, the relative humidity is continuously increased, and when the temperature of the flue gas is about 50 ℃, the adiabatic saturation point of the flue gas is reached. Heat is divided into sensible heat and latent heat. The concept of sensible heat is: the substance does not generate phase change (solid, liquid and gas conversion) to absorb or release heat, the temperature of the substance rises after the heat is added, the quantity of the added heat can be displayed on the temperature, namely the heat which causes the temperature change without changing the form of the substance is called sensible heat, and the sensible heat calculation formula Q is m c (t)2-t1) Q is mass specific heat (temperature difference). The concept of latent heat is: latent heat is the heat absorbed or released by a substance undergoing a phase change process. Latent heat of vaporization means the amount of heat required to change 1Kg of saturated water to 1Kg of dry saturated steam. This heat, which does not change the temperature of the substance and causes a change in the state of the substance (also called a phase change), is called latent heat. The amount of latent heat is often expressed in terms of the amount of heat absorbed or released per unit mass of the substance or per mole of substance at the time of phase change, and the latent heat of vaporization is expressed by the symbol r in kJ/kg. With 300MW unit asFor example, when the inlet flue gas temperature of the desulfurizing tower is 130 ℃, the water vapor discharged along with the flue gas per hour exceeds 60t, so that not only is a large amount of water resource wasted, but also a large amount of heat is absorbed by the water vapor; if 50 ℃ water vapor is condensed to form 50 ℃ liquid water per kilogram, 2383kJ of latent heat is released, compared with 1 ℃ of cooling (or heating) of flue gas per kilogram, only 1.056kJ of heat can be released (or absorbed), so that the form of latent heat of vaporization contains a large amount of energy although the discharge temperature of wet flue gas is not high. Meanwhile, a large amount of moisture is taken away by the emission of saturated wet flue gas, the phenomenon of 'white smoke' at the outlet of the chimney 15 is serious, and 'chimney 15 rain' has great influence on the surrounding environment.
The flue gas of the coal-fired power plant enters a flue gas cooler 2 through an inlet flue 1, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced after the flue gas passes through the cooler, the flue gas enters an absorption tower 3 again, the flue gas is subjected to slurry spraying cooling in the absorption tower 3, unsaturated flue gas is changed into saturated flue gas, the moisture content in the flue gas is increased, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced after the saturated flue gas passes through a condenser 4, the absolute moisture content in the flue gas is reduced, a large amount of condensed water is separated out by cooling the saturated wet flue gas, the smoke dust and VOC in the flue gas are reduced, the flue gas condensed water is collected for recycling, the flue gas condensed water has a lower pH value through detection, but the contents of calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions, sulfate radicals and suspended matters are lower, and the flue gas condensed water can be used as; the saturated wet flue gas after being cooled enters the chimney 1515 again and is discharged into the atmosphere, and the saturation line is avoided in the mixing process of the temperature of the saturated flue gas and the atmosphere, so that the aim of whitening is fulfilled.
On the working medium side, the condenser condenses the steam discharged by the steam turbine into water, and the water is sent to a shaft seal fan 10 through a condensing pump 9, the shaft seal fan 10 prevents the outer leakage of shaft seal steam from outwards bubbling, the condensed water 8 is directly heated, a thermodynamic equilibrium system diagram of a power plant is checked, a part of the condensed water 8 in front of a third low-pressure heater 11 and behind a second low-pressure heater 12 can be extracted through a waste heat recovery circulating pump 7 through thermodynamic calculation of the whole system and sent to an absorption heat pump 6, the latent heat of vaporization released by steam condensation is sent to the absorption heat pump 6 through a heat source water circulating pump 5 after the flue gas passes through a condenser 4, most of the heat is absorbed by an absorption working medium in a heat pump, the extraction of latent heat in the flue gas is completed, the sensible heat extracted by a flue gas cooler 2 is sent to the absorption heat pump 6 through a heat source driving circulating pump 14 as a driving heat source of the heat pump, the absorption heat pump 6 absorbs the sensible heat, and the condensed water 8 is reheated, and the condensed water 8 is heated and then returns to the first low-pressure heater 13, so that the transfer and utilization of latent heat and sensible heat in the flue gas are completed in the process, the flue gas is recycled, and the effect of partially adding low exhaust steam is replaced, and the coal consumption is saved.
By using the flue gas treatment latent heat recycling device disclosed in embodiment 1, sensible heat of flue gas in front of the wet desulfurization tower is utilized, latent heat of vaporization of flue gas behind the wet desulfurization tower is absorbed, most of absorbed heat is used for heating low-pressure condensate water 8 of a steam turbine, the effect of part of low-grade heat energy of the recovered flue gas is utilized for replacing low-grade exhaust steam, exhaust steam of the steam turbine is squeezed, the squeezed exhaust steam returns to the steam turbine to continue to work, when the generated energy is not changed, the coal consumption of the unit can be reduced, the overall heat economy of the unit is improved, taking a coal-fired power generating unit 330MW as an example, when the temperature of flue gas at an inlet of an absorption tower 3 is 130 ℃, under the BMCR working condition, the standard coal consumption is reduced by Δ 0 being 2.746(g/kwh), and the full-load operation time of a boiler: 5500h is calculated, and the annual standard coal saving amount is as follows: b-2.746 × 315.566 × 103 × 5500 ÷ 10-6 ÷ 4766 (ton/year). The clean flue gas after wet desulphurization is condensed and cooled, the smoke dust and VOC are removed, the smoke dust removal efficiency is about 50%, white smoke is reduced, haze is reduced, the water evaporation capacity of a wet desulphurization tower is reduced after the flue gas is cooled by a flue gas cooler 2, the water consumption of desulphurization evaporation can be saved by about 14t/h, in addition, flue gas condensate water generated by the flue gas passing through a condenser 4 is recycled, the condensate water generated by the condenser 4 is about 13t/h, and the two items can save 148500t of water all the year round.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A latent heat recycling device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant is characterized by comprising a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is provided with a flue gas cooler and a condenser, and two ends of the first pipeline are respectively communicated with a flue gas outlet and a chimney; the second pipeline is provided with a condensation pump and an absorption heat pump, and two ends of the second pipeline are respectively communicated with the condenser and the condensation water pipeline; the absorption heat pump is communicated with the flue gas cooler to obtain heat from the flue gas cooler.
2. The latent heat recovery and utilization device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein a circulation pipeline is formed between the condensing pump and the absorption heat pump in the second pipeline, and the absorption heat pump through which the exhaust steam exhausted from the exhaust end of the steam turbine passes performs gas-liquid separation.
3. The latent heat recovery and utilization device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein a waste heat recovery circulating pump is further provided between the absorption heat pump and the condensation pump of the second pipeline.
4. The latent heat recovery apparatus for flue gas treatment of coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein the first pipeline is further provided with an absorption tower, and the absorption tower is located between the flue gas cooler and the condenser.
5. The latent heat recovery and utilization device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein a loop is formed between the flue gas condensation tower and the absorption heat pump, and a heat source cold circulation pump is arranged between the flue gas condensation tower and the absorption heat pump.
6. The latent heat recovery device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein a heat source driving circulation pump is provided between the absorption heat pump and the flue gas cooler.
7. The latent heat recovery and utilization device for flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, wherein the rear end of the condensation pump is further communicated with a shaft seal fan and a plurality of low-pressure heaters.
8. A method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant, which is characterized by using the device for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 1, and comprises the following steps:
the flue gas of the coal-fired power plant enters a flue gas cooler through an inlet flue, the flue gas passes through the cooler and is treated by a wet desulphurization tower, unsaturated flue gas is changed into saturated flue gas, the saturated flue gas passes through a condenser, a large amount of condensed water is separated out through cooling, the flue gas condensed water is collected for recycling, and the cooled saturated wet flue gas enters a chimney again and is discharged into the atmosphere;
the condenser condenses the steam turbine exhaust into water, the water is heated by the condenser pump, a part of condensed water is extracted and sent into the absorption heat pump, and the latent heat of vaporization released by the steam condensation is sent to the absorption heat pump through the heat source water circulating pump after the steam turbine exhaust passes through the condenser, so that the extraction of the latent heat in the flue gas is completed.
9. The method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 8, wherein the sensible heat extracted from the flue gas cooler is pumped to an absorption heat pump through a heat source driving circulation system to serve as a driving heat source of a heat pump, and the absorption heat pump absorbs the sensible heat of unsaturated flue gas and the latent heat of saturated flue gas through a heat transfer working medium circulation system to reheat the condensed water.
10. The method for recycling latent heat in flue gas treatment of a coal-fired power plant according to claim 8, wherein when the condensed water is heated, the condensed water is heated and then returns to the front of the smoke outlet of the steam turbine, the exhaust steam of the steam turbine is extruded, and the extruded exhaust steam returns to the steam turbine to continuously do work.
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