CN108479287A - A kind of device and method for eliminating fire coal boiler fume plume - Google Patents
A kind of device and method for eliminating fire coal boiler fume plume Download PDFInfo
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- CN108479287A CN108479287A CN201810366449.8A CN201810366449A CN108479287A CN 108479287 A CN108479287 A CN 108479287A CN 201810366449 A CN201810366449 A CN 201810366449A CN 108479287 A CN108479287 A CN 108479287A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 126
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 68
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012719 wet electrostatic precipitator Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/08—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of heaters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B30/00—Heat pumps
- F25B30/04—Heat pumps of the sorption type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F25D17/00—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces
- F25D17/02—Arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; Arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. air, within refrigerated spaces for circulating liquids, e.g. brine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2258/00—Sources of waste gases
- B01D2258/02—Other waste gases
- B01D2258/0283—Flue gases
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chimneys And Flues (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及燃煤锅炉烟气的余热利用与综合处理的技术领域,具体涉及一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的装置及方法。The invention relates to the technical field of waste heat utilization and comprehensive treatment of coal-fired boiler flue gas, in particular to a device and method for eliminating the smoke plume of coal-fired boiler flue gas.
背景技术Background technique
随着经济和社会的快速发展,对化石能源的大量使用除导致能源危机外,亦造成严峻的环境压力。故实现节能减排是解决当前能源和环境危机的有效方法之一。With the rapid development of economy and society, the extensive use of fossil energy not only leads to energy crisis, but also causes severe environmental pressure. Therefore, realizing energy saving and emission reduction is one of the effective ways to solve the current energy and environmental crisis.
目前吸收式热泵已广泛应用于燃气锅炉余热回收领域,可将排烟温度降低至30℃左右,回收大量烟气余热,节约燃气。但在空气湿度相对较大的区域以及遇到阴雨雪等天气时,即使是30℃的锅炉排烟,于烟囱出口附近依旧可见大量的烟气烟羽。At present, the absorption heat pump has been widely used in the field of gas boiler waste heat recovery, which can reduce the exhaust gas temperature to about 30 ℃, recover a large amount of flue gas waste heat, and save gas. However, in areas with relatively high air humidity and in rainy and snowy weather, even if the boiler exhausts at 30°C, a large amount of smoke plume can still be seen near the chimney outlet.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的在于克服上述不足,提供一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的装置及方法,该装置对烟气进行深度处理,消除燃煤锅炉排烟烟羽现象,同时回收大量烟气余热,降低燃煤锅炉排烟中的粉尘和硫含量,实现燃煤锅炉超洁净排放。The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above disadvantages and provide a device and method for eliminating the smoke plume of a coal-fired boiler. , reduce the dust and sulfur content in the exhaust of coal-fired boilers, and achieve ultra-clean emissions from coal-fired boilers.
本发明的目的是这样实现的:The purpose of the present invention is achieved like this:
一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的装置,燃煤和新风通过燃煤和新风进口管进入燃煤锅炉,燃煤锅炉产生的锅炉排烟经锅炉排烟管依次进入除尘器、烟气冷却器、烟气冷凝器和烟气再热器;A device for eliminating the smoke plume of coal-fired boilers. The coal-fired and fresh air enter the coal-fired boiler through the coal-fired and fresh air inlet pipes. The boiler exhaust smoke generated by the coal-fired boiler enters the dust collector and flue gas cooling through the boiler exhaust pipe in turn. device, flue gas condenser and flue gas reheater;
所述烟气冷却器的循环水通过循环水管进入第一板式换热器,经蒸汽补热器流入烟气再热器后,再回到烟气冷却器中;The circulating water of the flue gas cooler enters the first plate heat exchanger through the circulating water pipe, flows into the flue gas reheater through the steam heater, and then returns to the flue gas cooler;
所述烟气冷凝器的余热水通过余热水管依次进入第二板式换热器和吸收式热泵进行换热,再回到烟气冷凝器;The waste water of the flue gas condenser enters the second plate heat exchanger and the absorption heat pump in turn through the waste water pipe for heat exchange, and then returns to the flue gas condenser;
锅炉补水通过锅炉补水管依次进入第二板式换热器、吸收式热泵和第一板式换热器进行换热,再回到燃煤锅炉中。Boiler make-up water enters the second plate heat exchanger, absorption heat pump and first plate heat exchanger in turn through the boiler make-up water pipe for heat exchange, and then returns to the coal-fired boiler.
优选的,所述烟气冷却器和烟气冷凝器之间还依次设有风机、脱硫塔和湿电除尘器。Preferably, a fan, a desulfurization tower and a wet electrostatic precipitator are arranged in sequence between the flue gas cooler and the flue gas condenser.
优选的,所述吸收式热泵以蒸汽或燃气作为驱动热源,通过热泵蒸汽或燃气进口管进入吸收式热泵。Preferably, the absorption heat pump uses steam or gas as a driving heat source, and enters the absorption heat pump through the heat pump steam or gas inlet pipe.
优选的,所述蒸汽补热器在第一板式换热器的出口循环水水温不足以将烟气过热度提高至设计要求时开启。Preferably, the steam reheater is turned on when the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the first plate heat exchanger is not enough to increase the superheat of the flue gas to the design requirement.
优选的,所述烟气冷却器进行烟气和循环水的逆流式换热,可将烟气温度降低35-40℃。Preferably, the flue gas cooler performs countercurrent heat exchange between flue gas and circulating water, which can reduce the temperature of flue gas by 35-40°C.
优选的,所述烟气冷凝器进行烟气和余热水的逆流式换热,可将烟气温度降低15-20℃。Preferably, the flue gas condenser performs countercurrent heat exchange between flue gas and waste hot water, which can reduce the temperature of flue gas by 15-20°C.
优选的,所述第二板式换热器将锅炉水与吸收了烟气余热的余热水进行换热,所述第一板式换热器将锅炉水与吸收了烟气余热的循环水进行换热,可将锅炉补水温度提高50-55℃。Preferably, the second plate heat exchanger exchanges boiler water with waste hot water that has absorbed waste heat from flue gas, and the first plate heat exchanger exchanges boiler water with circulating water that has absorbed waste heat from flue gas If it is hot, the temperature of boiler make-up water can be increased by 50-55°C.
一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的方法,所述方法包括如下步骤:A method for eliminating smoke plumes of coal-fired boilers, said method comprising the steps of:
1)低温锅炉补水经循环泵组依次流经第二板式换热器、吸收式热泵及第一板式换热器后,与吸收了烟气余热的循环水和余热水进行换热后,进入燃煤锅炉;1) The supplementary water of the low-temperature boiler flows through the second plate heat exchanger, the absorption heat pump and the first plate heat exchanger successively through the circulating pump group, and exchanges heat with the circulating water and waste hot water that have absorbed the waste heat of the flue gas. Coal-fired boiler;
2)余热水于烟气冷凝器中吸收烟气余热后,依次流经第二板式换热器和吸收式热泵,加热锅炉补水,换热降温的余热水进入烟气冷凝器中吸收烟气余热;2) After the waste hot water absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas in the flue gas condenser, it flows through the second plate heat exchanger and the absorption heat pump in turn to heat the boiler to make up water, and the waste water after heat exchange and cooling enters the flue gas condenser to absorb the flue gas. Gas waste heat;
3)循环水于烟气冷却器中吸收烟气余热后,进入第一板式换热器加热锅炉补水,随后经蒸汽补热器流入烟气再热器,加热烟气冷凝器出口的低温饱和烟气,将烟气状态提升至过热状态,进而消除烟气烟羽现象。3) After the circulating water absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas in the flue gas cooler, it enters the first plate heat exchanger to heat the boiler to make up water, and then flows into the flue gas reheater through the steam heater to heat the low-temperature saturated flue gas at the outlet of the flue gas condenser. Gas, raise the state of the flue gas to the superheated state, and then eliminate the phenomenon of flue gas plume.
本发明的有益效果是:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
1、消除锅炉烟气白色烟羽:该方案利用回收的烟气余热加热降温脱水后的饱和烟气,使其过热化进而消除烟气烟羽,且正常工况下无需额外消耗能量;1. Eliminate the white plume of boiler flue gas: This scheme uses the recovered flue gas waste heat to heat the dehydrated saturated flue gas, superheat it and eliminate the flue gas plume, and no additional energy consumption is required under normal working conditions;
2、回收烟气余热:该装置利用烟气冷却器和烟气冷凝器回收锅炉烟气中的潜热和显热;2. Recovery of flue gas waste heat: the device uses the flue gas cooler and flue gas condenser to recover the latent and sensible heat in the boiler flue gas;
3、节能:该装置回收的烟气余热用于加热锅炉补水;3. Energy saving: the waste heat of the flue gas recovered by the device is used for heating the boiler to replenish water;
4、节水:可将该装置产生的烟气冷凝水用于脱硫塔补水;4. Water saving: the flue gas condensed water generated by the device can be used for desulfurization tower replenishment;
5、环保:该装置中采用烟气冷凝器可进一步降低烟气中的粉尘和硫含量,达到锅炉排烟超洁净排放。5. Environmental protection: The use of a flue gas condenser in the device can further reduce the dust and sulfur content in the flue gas, and achieve ultra-clean emission of boiler exhaust fume.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
其中:1、燃煤和新风进口管,2、燃煤锅炉,3、锅炉排烟管,4、除尘器,5、烟气冷却器,6、风机,7、脱硫塔,8、湿电除尘器,9、烟气冷凝器,10、烟气再热器,11、烟囱,12、蒸汽补热器,13、循环泵组,14、余热水管,15、循环水管,16、燃煤锅炉热水或蒸汽出口管,17、锅炉补水管,18、第一板式换热器,19、热泵蒸汽或燃气进口管,20、吸收式热泵,21、第二板式换热器。Among them: 1. Coal-fired and fresh air inlet pipe, 2. Coal-fired boiler, 3. Boiler exhaust pipe, 4. Dust collector, 5. Flue gas cooler, 6. Fan, 7. Desulfurization tower, 8. Wet electric dust collector 9. Flue gas condenser, 10. Flue gas reheater, 11. Chimney, 12. Steam reheater, 13. Circulating pump unit, 14. Waste water pipe, 15. Circulating water pipe, 16. Coal-fired boiler heat Water or steam outlet pipe, 17, boiler water supply pipe, 18, first plate heat exchanger, 19, heat pump steam or gas inlet pipe, 20, absorption heat pump, 21, second plate heat exchanger.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参见图1,本发明涉及一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的装置,燃煤和新风通过燃煤和新风进口管1进入燃煤锅炉2,燃煤锅炉2产生的锅炉排烟经锅炉排烟管3依次进入除尘器4、烟气冷却器5、烟气冷凝器9和烟气再热器10;Referring to Fig. 1, the present invention relates to a device for eliminating the flue gas plume of a coal-fired boiler. The coal-fired and fresh air enter the coal-fired boiler 2 through the coal-fired and fresh air inlet pipe 1, and the boiler exhaust smoke produced by the coal-fired boiler 2 passes through the boiler exhaust. The flue pipe 3 enters the dust collector 4, the flue gas cooler 5, the flue gas condenser 9 and the flue gas reheater 10 in turn;
所述烟气冷却器5的循环水通过循环水管15进入第一板式换热器18,经蒸汽补热器12流入烟气再热器10后,再回到烟气冷却器5中;所述烟气冷却器5进行烟气和循环水的逆流式换热,可将烟气温度降低35-40℃。The circulating water of the flue gas cooler 5 enters the first plate heat exchanger 18 through the circulating water pipe 15, flows into the flue gas reheater 10 through the steam reheater 12, and then returns to the flue gas cooler 5; The flue gas cooler 5 performs countercurrent heat exchange between flue gas and circulating water, which can reduce the flue gas temperature by 35-40°C.
所述烟气冷凝器9的余热水通过余热水管14依次进入第二板式换热器21和吸收式热泵20进行换热,再回到烟气冷凝器9;所述烟气冷凝器9进行烟气和余热水的逆流式换热,可将烟气温度降低15-20℃。The waste water in the flue gas condenser 9 enters the second plate heat exchanger 21 and the absorption heat pump 20 through the waste water pipe 14 for heat exchange, and then returns to the flue gas condenser 9; The countercurrent heat exchange of flue gas and waste hot water can reduce the flue gas temperature by 15-20°C.
锅炉补水通过锅炉补水管17依次进入第二板式换热器21、吸收式热泵20和第一板式换热器18进行换热,再回到燃煤锅炉2中。所述第二板式换热器21将锅炉水与吸收了烟气余热的余热水进行换热,所述第一板式换热器18将锅炉水与吸收了烟气余热的余热水和循环水进行换热,可将锅炉补水温度提高50-55℃。The boiler replenishment water enters the second plate heat exchanger 21 , the absorption heat pump 20 and the first plate heat exchanger 18 sequentially through the boiler replenishment water pipe 17 for heat exchange, and then returns to the coal-fired boiler 2 . The second plate heat exchanger 21 exchanges heat between the boiler water and the waste hot water that has absorbed the waste heat of the flue gas, and the first plate heat exchanger 18 exchanges the boiler water with the waste water that has absorbed the waste heat of the flue gas. The water conducts heat exchange, which can increase the temperature of the boiler make-up water by 50-55°C.
所述烟气冷却器5和烟气冷凝器9之间还依次设有风机6、脱硫塔7和湿电除尘器8。A fan 6 , a desulfurization tower 7 and a wet electrostatic precipitator 8 are arranged in sequence between the flue gas cooler 5 and the flue gas condenser 9 .
所述吸收式热泵20以蒸汽或燃气作为驱动热源,通过热泵蒸汽或燃气进口管进入吸收式热泵20,能产生20-30℃的余热水,可将烟气温度冷却至25-35℃,回收烟气中的显热和潜热。The absorption heat pump 20 uses steam or gas as the driving heat source, enters the absorption heat pump 20 through the heat pump steam or gas inlet pipe, can generate waste water at 20-30°C, and can cool the flue gas temperature to 25-35°C, Recover sensible heat and latent heat in flue gas.
所述燃煤锅炉2出口连接燃煤锅炉热水或蒸汽出口管16。The outlet of the coal-fired boiler 2 is connected to the hot water or steam outlet pipe 16 of the coal-fired boiler.
所述蒸汽补热器12在第一板式换热器18的出口循环水水温不足以将烟气过热度提高至设计要求时开启。The steam reheater 12 is turned on when the temperature of the circulating water at the outlet of the first plate heat exchanger 18 is not enough to raise the superheat degree of the flue gas to the design requirement.
所述烟气再热器10将饱和烟气温度加热至过热烟气,将烟气过热度提高至设计要求,以确保在严苛条件下消除烟气白色烟羽,处理后的烟气经烟囱11排出。The flue gas reheater 10 heats the temperature of the saturated flue gas to the superheated flue gas, increases the degree of superheat of the flue gas to the design requirement, so as to ensure the elimination of the white plume of the flue gas under severe conditions, and the treated flue gas passes through the chimney 11 discharge.
一种消除燃煤锅炉烟气烟羽的方法,流程如下所述:A method for eliminating smoke plumes of coal-fired boilers, the process is as follows:
1)低温锅炉补水经循环泵组13依次流经第二板式换热器21、吸收式热泵20及第一板式换热器18后,与吸收了烟气余热的循环水和余热水进行换热后,进入燃煤锅炉2;1) The supplementary water of the low-temperature boiler flows through the circulating pump unit 13 through the second plate heat exchanger 21, the absorption heat pump 20 and the first plate heat exchanger 18 in sequence, and exchanges with the circulating water and the waste hot water that have absorbed the waste heat of the flue gas After heating, enter the coal-fired boiler 2;
2)余热水于烟气冷凝器9中吸收烟气余热后,依次流经第二板式换热器21和吸收式热泵20,加热锅炉补水,换热降温的余热水进入烟气冷凝器9中吸收烟气余热;2) After the waste hot water absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas in the flue gas condenser 9, it flows through the second plate heat exchanger 21 and the absorption heat pump 20 in sequence to heat the boiler to replenish water, and the waste hot water for heat exchange and cooling enters the flue gas condenser 9 to absorb the waste heat of flue gas;
3)循环水于烟气冷却器5中吸收烟气余热后,进入第一板式换热器18加热锅炉补水,随后经蒸汽补热器12流入烟气再热器10,加热烟气冷凝器9出口的低温饱和烟气,将烟气状态提升至过热状态,进而消除烟气烟羽现象,经过上述两部换热后循环水流入烟气冷却器5中吸收烟气余热。3) After the circulating water absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas in the flue gas cooler 5, it enters the first plate heat exchanger 18 to heat the boiler to replenish water, and then flows into the flue gas reheater 10 through the steam heater 12 to heat the flue gas condenser 9 The low-temperature saturated flue gas at the outlet raises the state of the flue gas to a superheated state, thereby eliminating the flue gas plume phenomenon. After the above two heat exchanges, the circulating water flows into the flue gas cooler 5 to absorb the waste heat of the flue gas.
除上述实施例外,本发明还包括有其他实施方式,凡采用等同变换或者等效替换方式形成的技术方案,均应落入本发明权利要求的保护范围之内。In addition to the above-mentioned embodiments, the present invention also includes other implementations, and any technical solution formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement shall fall within the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
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