Multi-stage waste heat comprehensive utilization device and method for power plant
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of waste heat recycling and energy conservation and environmental protection of power plants, and relates to a multistage waste heat comprehensive utilization device and method for a power plant.
Background
The power plant is used as a primary energy consumer, the generating efficiency of the traditional large-scale unit is less than 50%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of energy under the heat supply working condition is still less than 60%. Among the lost energy, the energy carried away by the low-temperature circulating water or air accounts for more than 30% of the total energy consumption. The waste heat utilization is related to the important problems of energy conservation and emission reduction, comprehensive utilization of resources, ecological environment protection and the like of a power plant. At present, the research on the utilization of the waste heat of the power plant mainly focuses on high-temperature flue gas easy to recover and circulating water with high low-grade heat storage capacity, and the research on other working media with recovery values is less.
In the operation process of the steam turbine generator set, heat conducted to the bearing by steam and heat generated by rotation of the bearing need to be taken away through a lubricating oil system, lubricating oil enters the bearing bush for heat exchange at the temperature of about 40 ℃, and the oil return temperature can reach over 60 ℃. The flow of a lubricating oil system of a large-scale unit reaches 200m3Above/h, this heat is transferred to the cooling water system through the heat exchanger, causing heat loss.
The deaerator of the power plant has the function of spraying steam into water through the bubbling pipe and heating feed water to remove oxygen in the water. A part of steam and non-condensable gas mixed with oxygen are discharged into the atmosphere through a steam discharge pipe, the steam discharge amount of a large-scale unit deaerator during operation can reach 180-300 kg/h, the temperature reaches 180 ℃, a large amount of water steam and contained heat are wasted, and obvious white smoke plume is formed to cause visual pollution.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a multi-stage waste heat comprehensive utilization device and method for a power plant, which can solve the problem of white smoke plume of exhaust steam of a deaerator, reduce the temperature of lubricating oil, improve the temperature of condensate water and realize heat recovery.
In order to achieve the aim, the multi-stage waste heat comprehensive utilization device for the power plant comprises a condensation water pipeline of an induced draft fan, a condenser, an absorption heat pump absorber, an absorption heat pump condenser, a water side pipeline of a unit low-pressure heater, a lubricating oil supply pipeline, a lubricating oil supply three-way valve, a lubricating oil cooler, an absorption heat pump evaporator, a deaerator exhaust three-way valve, a deaerator exhaust pipeline, an absorption heat pump generator, an expansion valve and a solution heat exchanger;
the outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the condenser, and the other path is communicated with the water side pipeline of the low-pressure heater of the unit through the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump absorber and the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump condenser in sequence;
the lubricating oil supply pipeline is communicated with a first opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve, a second opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve is communicated with an inlet of the lubricating oil cooler, a third opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve is communicated with the lubricating oil cooler through the heat release side of the absorption heat pump evaporator, and an outlet of the lubricating oil cooler is communicated with an external steam turbine oil inlet pipeline;
the outlet of the deaerator is communicated with the first opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve, the second opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is communicated with the deaerator emptying pipeline, and the third opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is communicated with the deaerator emptying pipeline through the heat release side of the absorption heat pump generator;
the working medium outlet of the absorption heat pump generator is communicated with the working medium side of the absorption heat pump evaporator through the working medium side of the absorption heat pump condenser and the expansion valve, and the working medium outlet of the absorption heat pump evaporator is communicated with the working medium inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber;
the solution outlet of the absorption heat pump generator is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber through the heat release side of the solution heat exchanger, and the solution outlet of the absorption heat pump absorber is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump generator through the heat absorption side of the solution heat exchanger.
The outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is communicated with the condenser through a bypass stop valve.
The outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is communicated with the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump absorber through an inlet stop valve.
The heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump condenser is communicated with a water side pipeline of the low-pressure heater of the unit through an outlet stop valve.
The heat release side of the absorption heat pump evaporator is communicated with the lubricating oil cooler through a lubricating oil supply stop valve.
The heat release side of the absorption heat pump generator is communicated with a deaerator emptying pipeline through a deaerator steam exhaust stop valve.
The solution outlet of the absorption heat pump absorber is communicated with the heat absorption side of the solution heat exchanger through a solution pump.
The heat release side of the solution heat exchanger is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber through a pressure reducing valve.
The multi-stage waste heat comprehensive utilization method of the power plant comprises the following steps:
steam output by the deaerator enters the absorption heat pump generator to be subjected to heat release and temperature reduction after passing through a deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve, and then is exhausted from an emptying pipeline;
condensed water output by a condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is heated by an absorption heat pump absorber and an absorption heat pump condenser in sequence and then enters a water side pipeline of a low-pressure heater of the unit through an outlet stop valve;
lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil supply pipeline passes through the lubricating oil supply three-way valve, then enters the absorption heat pump evaporator for cooling, and then enters the unit lubricating oil system through the lubricating oil cooler;
when the system needs to be shut down, the third opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is closed, the second opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is opened at the same time, then the deaerator steam exhaust stop valve is closed, then the condensed water bypass stop valve of the induced draft fan is opened, and the inlet stop valve is closed; opening a second opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve, closing a third opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve at the same time, and finally closing the lubricating oil supply stop valve;
after the device trips because of the fault, the third opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is closed earlier, the second opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve is opened simultaneously, the deaerator steam exhaust stop valve is closed, the draught fan condensate bypass stop valve is opened, the inlet stop valve is closed, and the parameters of the lubricating oil cooler are adjusted, so that the lubricating oil temperature at the outlet of the lubricating oil cooler is kept stable.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
when the multistage comprehensive utilization device and the multistage comprehensive utilization method for the waste heat of the power plant are specifically operated, the deaerator is used for exhausting steam to drive the absorption heat pump, the high-temperature return oil heat of a lubricating oil system is recovered, the obtained heat is sent to the absorption heat pump absorber and the condenser, and the condensed water of the draught fan is heated, so that the recycling of the deaerator exhaust steam and the waste heat of the return oil of the lubricating oil is realized, the temperature of the lubricating oil is reduced, the consumption of a cooling water system is reduced, the power consumption is saved, in addition, the deaerator exhaust steam releases heat, is cooled and condensed, and white smoke plume is eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is a condenser, 2 is a deaerator, 3 is an absorption heat pump generator, 4 is an absorption heat pump condenser, 5 is an absorption heat pump evaporator, 6 is an absorption heat pump absorber, 7 is a solution heat exchanger, 8 is a lubricating oil cooler, 9 is a draught fan condensed water bypass stop valve, 10 is an inlet stop valve, 11 is an outlet stop valve, 12 is a lubricating oil supply three-way valve, 13 is a lubricating oil supply stop valve, 14 is a deaerator exhaust three-way valve, 15 is a deaerator exhaust stop valve, 16 is an expansion valve, 17 is a pressure reducing valve, and 18 is a solution pump.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
referring to fig. 1, the power plant multistage waste heat comprehensive utilization device of the invention comprises a condensed water pipeline, a condenser 1, an absorption heat pump absorber 6, an absorption heat pump condenser 4, a unit low-pressure heater water side pipeline, a lubricating oil supply three-way valve 12, a lubricating oil cooler 8, an absorption heat pump evaporator 5, a deaerator 2, a deaerator exhaust three-way valve 14, a deaerator emptying pipeline, an absorption heat pump generator 3, an expansion valve 16 and a solution heat exchanger 7; the outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is divided into two paths, wherein one path is communicated with the condenser 1, and the other path is communicated with the water side pipeline of the low-pressure heater of the unit through the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 and the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump condenser 4 in sequence; the lubricating oil supply pipeline is communicated with a first opening of a lubricating oil supply three-way valve 12, a second opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve 12 is communicated with an inlet of a lubricating oil cooler 8, a third opening of the lubricating oil supply three-way valve 12 is communicated with the lubricating oil cooler 8 through the heat release side of the absorption heat pump evaporator 5, and an outlet of the lubricating oil cooler 8 is communicated with an external steam turbine oil inlet pipeline; the outlet of the deaerator 2 is communicated with the first opening of the deaerator exhaust three-way valve 14, the second opening of the deaerator exhaust three-way valve 14 is communicated with the deaerator exhaust pipeline, and the third opening of the deaerator exhaust three-way valve 14 is communicated with the deaerator exhaust pipeline through the heat release side of the absorption heat pump generator 3; a working medium outlet of the absorption heat pump generator 3 is communicated with a working medium side of the absorption heat pump evaporator 5 through a working medium side of the absorption heat pump condenser 4 and the expansion valve 16, and the working medium outlet of the absorption heat pump evaporator 5 is communicated with a working medium inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber 6; the solution outlet of the absorption heat pump generator 3 is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 through the heat release side of the solution heat exchanger 7, and the solution outlet of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump generator 3 through the heat absorption side of the solution heat exchanger 7.
Specifically, the outlet of the condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is communicated with the condenser 1 through a condensed water bypass stop valve 9 of the induced draft fan; the outlet of the condensed water pipeline is communicated with the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 through an inlet stop valve 10; the heat absorption side of the absorption heat pump condenser 4 is communicated with a water side pipeline of the unit low-pressure heater through an outlet stop valve 11; the heat release side of the absorption heat pump evaporator 5 is communicated with a lubricating oil cooler 8 through a lubricating oil supply stop valve 13; the heat release side of the absorption heat pump generator 3 is communicated with a deaerator emptying pipeline through a deaerator steam exhaust stop valve 15; the solution outlet of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 is communicated with the heat absorption side of the solution heat exchanger 7 through a solution pump 18; the heat release side of the solution heat exchanger 7 is communicated with the solution inlet of the absorption heat pump absorber 6 through a pressure reducing valve 17.
The multi-stage comprehensive utilization method of the waste heat of the power plant comprises the following steps:
the steam output by the deaerator 2 enters the absorption heat pump generator 3 to release heat and reduce temperature after passing through a deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve 14, and then is exhausted from an emptying pipeline to eliminate white smoke plume;
condensed water output by a condensed water pipeline of the induced draft fan is heated by an absorption heat pump absorber 6 and an absorption heat pump condenser 4 in sequence and then enters a water side pipeline of a low-pressure heater of the unit through an outlet stop valve 11;
the lubricating oil output by the lubricating oil supply pipeline enters the absorption heat pump evaporator 5 for cooling after passing through the lubricating oil supply three-way valve 12, and then passes through the lubricating oil supply stop valve 13 and the lubricating oil cooler 8 to be led to a lubricating oil system of the unit.
In addition, during operation, the temperature of the lubricating oil at the outlet of the lubricating oil cooler 8 can be adjusted supplementarily by adjusting the parameters of the lubricating oil cooler 8.
When the system needs to be shut down, the deaerator 2 is shut down to exhaust steam, lubricating oil and condensed water of the induced draft fan in sequence, specifically, a third opening of a deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve 14 is closed, a second opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve 14 is opened at the same time, a deaerator steam exhaust stop valve 15 is closed, then a condensed water bypass stop valve 9 of the induced draft fan is opened, and an inlet stop valve 10 is closed; the second opening of the three-way valve 12 for lubricating oil supply is opened, the third opening of the three-way valve 12 for lubricating oil supply is closed at the same time, and finally the stop valve 13 for lubricating oil supply is closed.
After the device trips because of the fault, the third opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve 14 is closed earlier, the second opening of the deaerator steam exhaust three-way valve 14 is opened simultaneously, the deaerator steam exhaust stop valve 15 is closed, the draught fan condensate bypass stop valve 9 is opened, the inlet stop valve 10 is closed, and the parameter of the lubricating oil cooler 8 is adjusted, so that the lubricating oil temperature at the outlet of the lubricating oil cooler 8 is kept stable.
Finally, the invention can be used for newly-built units and also can be used for reforming the existing units, and the lubricating oil cooler 8 can be stably and safely operated when the units are normally operated or the working condition is changed by changing the opening of the deaerator exhaust steam three-way valve 14 or assisting in adjusting the lubricating oil cooler 8.