CN109945277A - An energy-saving system using electric heat pump to deeply recover waste heat from flue gas of thermal power plant for central heating - Google Patents
An energy-saving system using electric heat pump to deeply recover waste heat from flue gas of thermal power plant for central heating Download PDFInfo
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 195
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 147
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 166
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 120
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 116
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims 9
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 235000019504 cigarettes Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000008400 supply water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036760 body temperature Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
- Y02A30/60—Planning or developing urban green infrastructure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/52—Heat recovery pumps, i.e. heat pump based systems or units able to transfer the thermal energy from one area of the premises or part of the facilities to a different one, improving the overall efficiency
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Abstract
一种采用电动热泵深度回收热电厂烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统，属于热电厂锅炉烟气余热回收与利用技术领域。本发明利用烟气余热回收塔将高温烟气和循环水直接接触逆流换热，将电动热泵通过防腐高效水水板式换热器与循环水间接连接，热网回水进入电动热泵中通过防腐高效水水板式换热器与高温循环水间接换热，电动热泵利用电厂内部电能作为驱动热源，经防腐高效水水板式换热器和电动热泵加热后的热网回水温度若达到供水温度要求，则送至热网供水；若热网回水温度低于供水温度要求，则送至热网加热器进行进一步加热。本发明提高了能源利用率，实现烟气余热回收与脱硫一体化功能，并降低污染物排放，增强热电厂的供热能力，降低热电厂的环境影响。
The utility model relates to an energy-saving system that uses an electric heat pump to deeply recover the waste heat of flue gas in a thermal power plant for central heating, and belongs to the technical field of waste heat recovery and utilization of boiler flue gas in a thermal power plant. The invention utilizes the flue gas waste heat recovery tower to directly contact the high-temperature flue gas and the circulating water for countercurrent heat exchange, indirectly connects the electric heat pump with the circulating water through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger, and the return water from the heat network enters the electric heat pump to pass the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency method. The water-to-water plate heat exchanger exchanges heat indirectly with high-temperature circulating water, and the electric heat pump uses the internal electric energy of the power plant as the driving heat source. Then it will be sent to the heating network for water supply; if the return water temperature of the heating network is lower than the water supply temperature requirement, it will be sent to the heating network heater for further heating. The invention improves the energy utilization rate, realizes the integrated function of waste heat recovery and desulfurization of flue gas, reduces pollutant discharge, enhances the heating capacity of the thermal power plant, and reduces the environmental impact of the thermal power plant.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于燃煤热电厂锅炉烟气净化及烟气余热回收与利用技术领域，特别涉及到一种利用电动热泵技术将烟气余热用于集中供热，同时兼具脱硫功能的高效烟气余热回收系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of flue gas purification and flue gas waste heat recovery and utilization of boilers in coal-fired thermal power plants, and in particular relates to a high-efficiency flue gas waste heat recovery that utilizes electric heat pump technology to use flue gas waste heat for central heating, and simultaneously has a desulfurization function system.
背景技术Background technique
我国燃煤热电厂现阶段电站锅炉的设计排烟温度可达130℃～150℃左右，余热回收潜力巨大。利用以直接接触式换热器为主体的烟气余热回收塔对低温烟气喷淋冷凝，可以充分回收烟气中气化潜热。同时，在换热过程中烟气携带的SO2、SO3将溶解在喷淋循环水中，利用碱液对其进行处理，可达到脱硫目的，实现集烟气余热回收和脱硫功能一体的效果。可以有效解决余热回收系统常与脱硫装置(如脱硫塔)相互独立而导致设备总体占地面积大的问题，减少投资及运行费用。At present, the design exhaust temperature of power station boilers in coal-fired thermal power plants in my country can reach about 130 °C to 150 °C, and the potential for waste heat recovery is huge. Using the flue gas waste heat recovery tower with direct contact heat exchanger as the main body to spray and condense the low temperature flue gas, the latent heat of gasification in the flue gas can be fully recovered. At the same time, during the heat exchange process, the SO 2 and SO 3 carried by the flue gas will be dissolved in the spray circulating water, and the lye will be used to treat them, which can achieve the purpose of desulfurization and achieve the effect of integrating the functions of waste heat recovery and desulfurization of flue gas. It can effectively solve the problem that the waste heat recovery system is often independent of the desulfurization device (such as the desulfurization tower), which leads to the large area of the equipment and reduces investment and operating costs.
另一方面，热电联产机组按照“以热定电”的方式运行，这导致机组存在热电耦合问题：在电力负荷低谷期机组发电量过剩，而在电力负荷高峰期发电量不足，不利于解决电力负荷峰谷差现象，造成机组失去调峰能力，无法满足我国现阶段热电调峰的要求。目前热电厂中以吸收式热泵机组为主的热泵供热系统在运行时受到汽轮机抽汽参数的制约，且制热效率较低，无法有效实现热电解耦。将电动热泵应用于余热回收领域有一定的优势，首先，电动热泵的制热效率要远高于吸收式热泵；其次，吸收式热泵技术回收余热的效果受到机组抽汽参数的限制，而电动热泵直接以电能为驱动能源，运行更加容易控制；第三，电动热泵可以消耗电能，具有成为电厂调峰手段的潜力。利用电动热泵消耗电厂低谷电能，将回收的烟气余热用于加热热网回水，则可增加热电厂的热电调峰能力。On the other hand, the cogeneration unit operates in the way of "setting electricity by heat", which leads to the problem of thermoelectric coupling: the generating capacity of the unit is excessive during the low power load period and insufficient during the power load peak period, which is not conducive to solving the problem. The peak-to-valley difference of power load causes the unit to lose its peak shaving capability and cannot meet the current thermal and electrical peak shaving requirements in my country. At present, the heat pump heating system mainly based on absorption heat pump units in thermal power plants is restricted by the steam extraction parameters of the steam turbine during operation, and the heating efficiency is low, which cannot effectively realize the thermo-decoupling. The application of electric heat pump in the field of waste heat recovery has certain advantages. First, the heating efficiency of electric heat pump is much higher than that of absorption heat pump; Using electric energy as the driving energy, the operation is easier to control; third, the electric heat pump can consume electric energy and has the potential to become a means of peak regulation in power plants. Using the electric heat pump to consume the power plant's low valley power, and using the recovered flue gas waste heat to heat the return water of the heating network can increase the thermal power peak regulation capacity of the thermal power plant.
鉴于上述问题，设计一种利用烟气余热回收塔结合电动热泵深度回收烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统。该系统可以有效提高热电厂烟气余热利用率，增强热电厂供热能力，可以实现一定程度上的电力调峰和供热调峰，并减少污染物的排放，兼具经济效益和环境效益。In view of the above problems, an energy-saving system is designed that utilizes a flue gas waste heat recovery tower combined with an electric heat pump to deeply recover flue gas waste heat for central heating. The system can effectively improve the utilization rate of waste heat from the flue gas of the thermal power plant, enhance the heating capacity of the thermal power plant, achieve a certain degree of power peak regulation and heat supply peak regulation, and reduce the emission of pollutants, which has both economic and environmental benefits.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明的目的在于提出一种采用电动热泵深度回收热电厂烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统。The purpose of the present invention is to propose an energy-saving system that uses an electric heat pump to deeply recover the waste heat of flue gas in a thermal power plant for central heating.
本发明的技术方案：Technical scheme of the present invention:
一种采用电动热泵深度回收热电厂烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统，包括燃煤锅炉1、汽轮机2、凝汽器3、热网加热器4、凝结水箱5、凝结水输送泵6、除尘器7、烟气余热回收塔8、烟囱9、余热回收循环水泵10、防腐高效水水板式换热器11、电动热泵12、NaOH储存罐13、NaOH制备装置14、NaOH溶液泵15、止回阀16、烟气入口阀门17、冷凝液集水池21、烟气旁路管道阀门37、多个阀门及连接管道；An energy-saving system that uses an electric heat pump to deeply recover the waste heat of the flue gas of a thermal power plant for central heating, including a coal-fired boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a condenser 3, a heating network heater 4, a condensate tank 5, and a condensate transfer pump 6, Dust collector 7, flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, chimney 9, waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10, anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11, electric heat pump 12, NaOH storage tank 13, NaOH preparation device 14, NaOH solution pump 15, stop Return valve 16, flue gas inlet valve 17, condensate sump 21, flue gas bypass pipe valve 37, multiple valves and connecting pipes;
所述烟气余热回收塔8内壁附有保温材料，主要由烟气入口段、填料层18、喷淋层19、除雾器20和烟气出口段组成；烟气入口段位于烟气余热回收塔8的下段，烟气出口段位于烟气余热回收塔8的顶部；除雾器20位于烟气余热回收塔8的上段、内部；填料层18位于烟气余热回收塔8的中段、内部；喷淋层19位于烟气余热回收塔8的上段、内部，喷淋层19位于除雾器20下方、填料层18上方；燃煤锅炉1产生的高温烟气经过除尘器7除尘过滤后，再经烟气入口阀门17控制，经烟气入口段进入烟气余热回收塔8内，高温烟气自下往上流动；循环水由喷淋层19内的喷淋装置自上而下喷洒，高温烟气经填料层18与喷淋水进行气液两相充分接触，高温烟气中的水蒸汽凝结放热，循环水吸收高温烟气热量进入烟气余热回收塔8塔底，回到塔底的冷凝水一部分作为循环水继续参与循环，另一部分经烟气余热回收塔8底部的阀门控制进入位于烟气余热回收塔8下方的冷凝液集水池21，实现烟气冷凝水的回收，达到节水效果；换热后的低湿烟气经除雾器20去除水雾，干烟气从烟气出口段排出，进入烟囱9，达到回收烟气冷凝余热的目的；The inner wall of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 is attached with thermal insulation material, which is mainly composed of a flue gas inlet section, a packing layer 18, a spray layer 19, a mist eliminator 20 and a flue gas outlet section; the flue gas inlet section is located in the flue gas waste heat recovery section. In the lower section of the tower 8, the flue gas outlet section is located at the top of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8; the mist eliminator 20 is located in the upper section and the interior of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8; the packing layer 18 is located in the middle section and the interior of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8; The spray layer 19 is located in the upper section and inside of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, and the spray layer 19 is located below the mist eliminator 20 and above the packing layer 18; Controlled by the flue gas inlet valve 17, it enters the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the flue gas inlet section, and the high-temperature flue gas flows from bottom to top; the circulating water is sprayed from top to bottom by the spray device in the spray layer 19, and the high temperature The flue gas is in full contact with the spray water through the packing layer 18. The water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas condenses and releases heat, and the circulating water absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and enters the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and returns to the bottom of the tower. A part of the condensed water continues to participate in the circulation as circulating water, and the other part is controlled by the valve at the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 to enter the condensate sump 21 located below the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 to realize the recovery of the flue gas condensed water and save energy. Water effect; the low-humidity flue gas after heat exchange is removed by the mist eliminator 20 to remove the water mist, and the dry flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet section and enters the chimney 9 to achieve the purpose of recovering the waste heat of flue gas condensation;
所述NaOH储存罐13和NaOH制备装置14连接，NaOH储存罐13内的碱液进入NaOH制备装置14，NaOH制备装置14制备好的脱硫NaOH溶液由NaOH溶液泵15经阀门和止回阀16共同控制，沿管道输入烟气余热回收塔8内，此时烟气中的大量S02气体已溶解在烟气余热回收塔8冷凝水中，冷凝水与NaOH发生中和反应从而达到脱硫的目的；The NaOH storage tank 13 is connected to the NaOH preparation device 14, the lye in the NaOH storage tank 13 enters the NaOH preparation device 14, and the desulfurized NaOH solution prepared by the NaOH preparation device 14 is jointly operated by the NaOH solution pump 15 through the valve and the check valve 16. Control, input into the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 along the pipeline, at this time a large amount of SO gas in the flue gas has been dissolved in the condensed water of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, and the condensed water and NaOH have a neutralization reaction to achieve the purpose of desulfurization;
所述电动热泵12通过防腐高效水水板式换热器11与烟气余热回收塔8塔底的循环水间接连接，循环水从烟气余热回收塔8底部经余热回收循环水泵10或不经余热回收循环水泵10送至防腐高效水水板式换热器11内，与电动热泵12的蒸发器侧出来的循环水换热，间接对热网回水进行加热，循环水输送管路上根据需求设有多个阀门；经换热冷却后的低温余热循环水沿管路回到烟气余热回收塔8中继续与烟气喷淋换热，低温余热循环水输送管路上根据需求设有多个阀门；热网回水经阀门控制进入电动热泵12中，与高温余热循环水通过防腐高效水水板式换热器11进行间接换热，电动热泵12利用电厂电能作为驱动能源；从电动热泵12中出来的热网回水进入热网加热器4中进行二次加热，直至水体温度被加热到符合运行要求的供水温度后送至热网；The electric heat pump 12 is indirectly connected to the circulating water at the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11. The recycling circulating water pump 10 is sent to the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11, and it exchanges heat with the circulating water from the evaporator side of the electric heat pump 12, and indirectly heats the return water of the heat network. Multiple valves; the low-temperature waste heat circulating water cooled by heat exchange returns to the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 along the pipeline to continue spraying heat exchange with the flue gas, and the low-temperature waste heat circulating water conveying pipeline is provided with multiple valves according to requirements; The return water of the heat network enters the electric heat pump 12 through the valve control, and conducts indirect heat exchange with the high-temperature waste heat circulating water through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11. The electric heat pump 12 uses the electric power of the power plant as the driving energy; The return water of the heating network enters the heating network heater 4 for secondary heating until the water body temperature is heated to the water supply temperature that meets the operating requirements and then sent to the heating network;
燃煤锅炉1与汽轮机2相连通，燃煤锅炉1产生的蒸汽进入汽轮机2中做功之后分为乏汽和抽汽两部分，乏汽进入凝汽器3；抽汽进入热网加热器4中，与热网回水换热冷凝后进入凝结水箱5；凝汽器3中的冷凝水和凝结水箱5中分离出来的冷凝水送至凝结水系统进行处理后作为锅炉回水再次回到燃煤锅炉1内使用；凝结水箱5的输出管路上设有凝结水输送泵6；The coal-fired boiler 1 is connected to the steam turbine 2. The steam generated by the coal-fired boiler 1 enters the steam turbine 2 and is divided into two parts: spent steam and extraction steam. The spent steam enters the condenser 3; the extraction steam enters the heating network heater 4. The condensed water in the condenser 3 and the condensed water separated from the condensed water tank 5 are sent to the condensed water system for processing and then returned to the coal-fired as boiler return water. Used in the boiler 1; the output pipeline of the condensate tank 5 is provided with a condensate delivery pump 6;
循环水从烟气余热回收塔8底部经余热回收循环水泵10或不经余热回收循环水泵10送至防腐高效水水板式换热器11内，与电动热泵12的蒸发器侧出来的循环水换热，循环水输送管路上根据需求设有多个阀门，阀门的设置方式：在余热回收循环水泵10两端分别设有阀门，在经余热回收循环水泵10外设置旁通管路，其上设有两阀门，该两阀门分别位于余热回收循环水泵10端部阀门的两端；即余热回收循环水泵10进行检修时，关闭其两端的阀门，由烟气余热回收塔8内出来的高温循环水直接通过旁通管路进入后续流程；The circulating water is sent from the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 to the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11 through the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10 or without the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10, and exchanges with the circulating water from the evaporator side of the electric heat pump 12. The heat and circulating water delivery pipelines are provided with multiple valves according to requirements. The valve setting method is as follows: valves are provided at both ends of the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10, and a bypass pipeline is set outside the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10. There are two valves, and the two valves are respectively located at both ends of the valve at the end of the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10; that is, when the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10 is overhauled, the valves at both ends are closed, and the high temperature circulating water from the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 is used. Enter the subsequent process directly through the bypass pipeline;
防腐高效水水板式换热器11的烟气余热回收塔8侧的进水管路与烟气余热回收塔8侧的出水管路之间设有阀门，当防腐高效水水板式换热器11进行检修时，关闭防腐高效水水板式换热器11的烟气余热回收塔8侧的进水管路上的阀门与烟气余热回收塔8侧的出水管路上的阀门，由烟气余热回收塔8内出来的高温循环水直接通过二者之间的阀门进入后续流程；There is a valve between the water inlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and the water outlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 of the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11. During maintenance, close the valve on the water inlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and the valve on the outlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 of the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11. The high-temperature circulating water that comes out enters the subsequent process directly through the valve between the two;
热网回水的进水管路上设有阀门，经电动热泵12加热后、通入到热网加热器4的出水管路上设有阀门，两阀门之间设有另一阀门；电动热泵12与防腐高效水水板式换热器11相连的进水管路和出水管路上均设有阀门；当电动热泵12进行检修时，除两阀门之间设有的另一阀门开启外，关闭其余四个阀门，热网回水直接通过另一阀门进入后续流程；There is a valve on the water inlet pipeline of the return water of the heating network, after being heated by the electric heat pump 12, there is a valve on the outlet pipeline leading to the heating network heater 4, and another valve is arranged between the two valves; the electric heat pump 12 is connected with the anti-corrosion Valves are provided on the water inlet and outlet pipes connected to the high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11; when the electric heat pump 12 is overhauled, the remaining four valves are closed except for the other valve provided between the two valves. The return water of the heating network directly enters the subsequent process through another valve;
烟气余热回收塔8顶部的烟气出口段连接的管路与高温烟气经烟气入口段进入烟气余热回收塔8的管路上设有烟气旁路管道阀门37，烟气旁路管道阀门37位于余热回收塔烟气入口阀门17外，烟气旁路管道阀门37在烟气余热回收塔8出现故障或者检修时开启，高温烟气经除尘器7除尘后直接进入烟囱9排入大气中。A flue gas bypass pipeline valve 37 is provided on the pipeline connecting the flue gas outlet section at the top of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and the high temperature flue gas entering the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the flue gas inlet section. The valve 37 is located outside the flue gas inlet valve 17 of the waste heat recovery tower. The flue gas bypass pipe valve 37 is opened when the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 fails or is overhauled. middle.
本发明的有益效果：本发明利用电动热泵将烟气余热用于集中供热，并结合烟气余热回收塔和防腐高效水水板式换热器实现对低温烟气余热深度回收利用。本发明中的烟气余热回收塔采用烟气和水直接接触式换热技术，提高了传热传质效果，增强了换热能力，同时兼具脱硫功能，有效降低PM2.5排放，可以实现烟气余热回收和除尘脱硫一体化目的。本发明采用电动热泵回收烟气余热用于集中供热，吸收烟气余热后的高温余热循环水通过防腐高效水水板式换热器与电动热泵间接换热，避免循环水直接进入热泵内对其造成腐蚀。在与热网回水换热后，循环水回水温度最低可降至25℃左右，此时烟气温度为33℃左右，从而提高烟气余热回收塔的工作效率。热泵系统可以保证在热网任何运行工况下都可以实现高效的余热回收，将烟气余热回收塔与电动热泵相结合，有效解决了烟气余热回收领域存在的金属腐蚀以及低温冷源制备等问题。而在采暖季将烟气余热用于加热热网回水，增强了热电厂的供热能力，同时电动热泵可以消耗电厂内部过剩电能，提高热电厂热电比，增强电力调峰能力，实现一定程度上的热电解耦，为可再生能源如风电、光电等提供上网空间。Beneficial effects of the invention: The invention utilizes the electric heat pump to use the waste heat of flue gas for central heating, and combines the waste heat recovery tower of flue gas and the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger to realize the deep recovery and utilization of waste heat of low temperature flue gas. The flue gas waste heat recovery tower in the present invention adopts the direct contact heat exchange technology of flue gas and water, which improves the heat and mass transfer effect, enhances the heat exchange capacity, and simultaneously has the function of desulfurization, effectively reducing PM2. The purpose of integration of flue gas waste heat recovery and dust removal and desulfurization. The invention adopts the electric heat pump to recover the waste heat of the flue gas for central heating, and the circulating water of the high temperature waste heat after absorbing the waste heat of the flue gas exchanges heat indirectly with the electric heat pump through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger, so as to avoid the circulating water directly entering the heat pump. cause corrosion. After heat exchange with the return water of the heat network, the temperature of the return water of the circulating water can be reduced to about 25°C at a minimum, and the temperature of the flue gas is about 33°C at this time, thereby improving the working efficiency of the waste heat recovery tower of the flue gas. The heat pump system can ensure efficient waste heat recovery under any operating conditions of the heat network. The combination of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower and the electric heat pump can effectively solve the metal corrosion and low-temperature cold source preparation in the field of flue gas waste heat recovery. question. In the heating season, the waste heat of the flue gas is used to heat the return water of the heating network, which enhances the heating capacity of the thermal power plant. At the same time, the electric heat pump can consume the excess electric energy inside the power plant, improve the thermal power ratio of the thermal power plant, and enhance the power peak regulation capacity. Thermo-decoupling provides online space for renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的一种采用电动热泵深度回收热电厂烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统图。FIG. 1 is a diagram of an energy-saving system of the present invention that uses an electric heat pump to deeply recover the waste heat of flue gas from a thermal power plant for central heating.
图中：1燃煤锅炉；2汽轮机；3凝汽器；4热网加热器；5凝结水箱；6凝结水输送泵；7除尘器；8烟气余热回收塔；9烟囱；10余热回收循环水泵；11防腐高效水水板式换热器；12电动热泵；13NaOH储存罐；14NaOH制备装置；15NaOH溶液泵；16止回阀；17烟气入口阀门；18填料层；19喷淋层；20除雾器；21冷凝液集水池；22阀门a；23阀门b；24阀门c；25阀门d；26阀门e；27阀门f；28阀门g；29阀门h；30阀门i；31阀门j；32阀门k；32阀门l；33阀门m；34阀门n；35阀门o；36阀门p；37烟气旁路管道阀门。In the figure: 1 coal-fired boiler; 2 steam turbine; 3 condenser; 4 heat network heater; 5 condensate tank; 6 condensate transfer pump; 7 dust collector; 8 flue gas waste heat recovery tower; 9 chimney; 10 waste heat recovery cycle Water pump; 11 anti-corrosion high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger; 12 electric heat pump; 13 NaOH storage tank; 14 NaOH preparation device; 15 NaOH solution pump; 16 check valve; 17 flue gas inlet valve; 18 packing layer; 19 spray layer; 20 removal Fogger; 21 Condensate Sump; 22 Valve A; 23 Valve B; 24 Valve C; 25 Valve D; 26 Valve E; 27 Valve F; 28 Valve G; 29 Valve H; 30 Valve i; Valve k; 32 valve l; 33 valve m; 34 valve n; 35 valve o; 36 valve p; 37 flue gas bypass pipeline valve.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下结合附图和技术方案，进一步说明本发明的具体实施方式。The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and technical solutions.
一种采用电动热泵深度回收热电厂烟气余热用于集中供热的节能系统，包括燃煤锅炉1、汽轮机2、凝汽器3、热网加热器4、凝结水箱5、凝结水输送泵6、除尘器7、烟气余热回收塔8、烟囱9、余热回收循环水泵10、防腐高效水水板式换热器11、电动热泵12、NaOH储存罐13、NaOH制备装置14、NaOH溶液泵15、止回阀16、烟气入口阀门17、冷凝液集水池21、烟气旁路管道阀门37、多个阀门及连接管道；An energy-saving system that uses an electric heat pump to deeply recover the waste heat of the flue gas of a thermal power plant for central heating, including a coal-fired boiler 1, a steam turbine 2, a condenser 3, a heating network heater 4, a condensate tank 5, and a condensate transfer pump 6, Dust collector 7, flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, chimney 9, waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10, anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11, electric heat pump 12, NaOH storage tank 13, NaOH preparation device 14, NaOH solution pump 15, stop Return valve 16, flue gas inlet valve 17, condensate sump 21, flue gas bypass pipe valve 37, multiple valves and connecting pipes;
烟气余热回收塔8内壁附有保温材料，主要由烟气入口段、填料层18、喷淋层19、除雾器20和烟气出口段组成；烟气入口段位于烟气余热回收塔8的下段，烟气出口段位于烟气余热回收塔8的顶部；除雾器20位于烟气余热回收塔8的上段、内部；填料层18位于烟气余热回收塔8的中段、内部；喷淋层19位于烟气余热回收塔8的上段、内部，喷淋层19位于除雾器20下方、填料层18上方；燃煤锅炉1产生的高温烟气经过除尘器7除尘过滤后，再经烟气入口阀门17控制，经烟气入口段进入烟气余热回收塔8内，高温烟气自下往上流动；循环水由喷淋层19内的喷淋装置自上而下喷洒，高温烟气经填料层18与喷淋水进行气液两相充分接触，高温烟气中的水蒸汽凝结放热，循环水吸收高温烟气热量进入烟气余热回收塔8塔底，回到塔底的冷凝水一部分作为循环水继续参与循环，另一部分经烟气余热回收塔8底部的阀门控制进入位于烟气余热回收塔8下方的冷凝液集水池21，实现烟气冷凝水的回收，达到节水效果；换热后的低湿烟气经除雾器20去除水雾，干烟气从烟气出口段排出，进入烟囱9，达到回收烟气冷凝余热的目的；The inner wall of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 is provided with thermal insulation material, which is mainly composed of the flue gas inlet section, the packing layer 18, the spray layer 19, the mist eliminator 20 and the flue gas outlet section; the flue gas inlet section is located in the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 The lower section, the flue gas outlet section is located at the top of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8; the mist eliminator 20 is located in the upper section and inside of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8; the packing layer 18 is located in the middle section of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, inside; spray The layer 19 is located in the upper section and inside of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, and the spray layer 19 is located below the mist eliminator 20 and above the packing layer 18; Controlled by the gas inlet valve 17, it enters the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the flue gas inlet section, and the high-temperature flue gas flows from bottom to top; the circulating water is sprayed from top to bottom by the spray device in the spray layer 19, and the high-temperature flue gas Through the packing layer 18 and the spray water, the gas-liquid two-phase is fully contacted, the water vapor in the high-temperature flue gas condenses and releases heat, and the circulating water absorbs the heat of the high-temperature flue gas and enters the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, and returns to the condensation at the bottom of the tower. A part of the water continues to participate in the circulation as circulating water, and the other part is controlled by the valve at the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 to enter the condensate sump 21 located below the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 to realize the recovery of flue gas condensate water and achieve the effect of water saving ; The low-humidity flue gas after heat exchange is removed by the mist eliminator 20 to remove the water mist, and the dry flue gas is discharged from the flue gas outlet section and enters the chimney 9 to achieve the purpose of recovering the condensation waste heat of the flue gas;
NaOH储存罐13和NaOH制备装置14连接，NaOH储存罐13内的碱液进入NaOH制备装置14，NaOH制备装置14制备好的脱硫NaOH溶液由NaOH溶液泵15经阀门p36和止回阀16共同控制，沿管道输入烟气余热回收塔8内，此时烟气中的大量S02气体已溶解在烟气余热回收塔8冷凝水中，冷凝水与NaOH发生中和反应从而达到脱硫的目的；The NaOH storage tank 13 is connected to the NaOH preparation device 14, the lye in the NaOH storage tank 13 enters the NaOH preparation device 14, and the desulfurized NaOH solution prepared by the NaOH preparation device 14 is jointly controlled by the NaOH solution pump 15 through the valve p36 and the check valve 16 , input into the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 along the pipeline, at this time a large amount of SO gas in the flue gas has been dissolved in the condensed water of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8, and the condensed water and NaOH have a neutralization reaction to achieve the purpose of desulfurization;
电动热泵12通过防腐高效水水板式换热器11与烟气余热回收塔8塔底的循环水间接连接，循环水从烟气余热回收塔8底部由余热循环水泵10驱动依次经过阀门d25、阀门e26和阀门g28送至防腐高效水水板式换热器11内，与电动热泵12的蒸发器侧出来的循环水换热，间接对热网回水进行加热，经换热冷却后的低温余热循环水经阀门i30沿管路回到烟气余热回收塔8中继续与烟气喷淋换热；热网回水经阀门m33控制进入电动热泵12中，与高温余热循环水通过防腐高效水水板式换热器11进行间接换热，电动热泵12利用电厂电能作为驱动能源；从电动热泵12中出来的热网回水进入热网加热器4中进行二次加热，直至水体温度被加热到符合运行要求的供水温度后送至热网；The electric heat pump 12 is indirectly connected to the circulating water at the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11. The circulating water is driven by the waste heat circulating water pump 10 from the bottom of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and passes through the valve d25 and the valve in turn. e26 and valve g28 are sent to the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11, and exchange heat with the circulating water from the evaporator side of the electric heat pump 12, indirectly heat the return water of the heat network, and circulate the low-temperature waste heat after heat exchange and cooling. The water returns to the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 along the pipeline through the valve i30 and continues to exchange heat with the flue gas; the return water from the heat network is controlled by the valve m33 and enters the electric heat pump 12, and the high temperature waste heat circulating water passes through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water plate type The heat exchanger 11 conducts indirect heat exchange, and the electric heat pump 12 uses the electric power of the power plant as the driving energy; the heat network return water from the electric heat pump 12 enters the heat network heater 4 for secondary heating until the water temperature is heated to a level suitable for operation. The required water temperature is sent to the heating network;
燃煤锅炉1产生的蒸汽进入汽轮机2中做功之后分为乏汽和抽汽两部分，乏汽进入凝汽器3；抽汽进入热网加热器4中，与热网回水换热冷凝后进入凝结水箱5；凝汽器3中的冷凝水和凝结水箱5中分离出来的冷凝水送至凝结水系统进行处理后作为锅炉回水再次回到燃煤锅炉1内使用；凝结水箱5的输出管路上设有凝结水输送泵6；The steam generated by the coal-fired boiler 1 enters the steam turbine 2 and is divided into two parts: spent steam and extraction steam. The spent steam enters the condenser 3; Enter the condensed water tank 5; the condensed water in the condenser 3 and the condensed water separated from the condensed water tank 5 are sent to the condensed water system for processing and then returned to the coal-fired boiler 1 as boiler return water for use; the output of the condensed water tank 5 The pipeline is provided with a condensate delivery pump 6;
烟气余热回收塔8顶部的烟气出口段连接的管路与高温烟气经烟气入口段进入烟气余热回收塔8的管路上设有烟气旁路管道阀门37，烟气旁路管道阀门37位于余热回收塔烟气入口阀门17外，当余热回收塔检修时，关闭烟气入口阀门17，开启烟气旁路管道阀门37，从除尘器出来的烟气直接由烟囱9排出；A flue gas bypass pipeline valve 37 is provided on the pipeline connecting the flue gas outlet section at the top of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and the high temperature flue gas entering the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the flue gas inlet section. The valve 37 is located outside the waste heat recovery tower flue gas inlet valve 17. When the waste heat recovery tower is overhauled, close the flue gas inlet valve 17, open the flue gas bypass pipeline valve 37, and the flue gas from the dust collector is directly discharged from the chimney 9;
循环水输送管路上根据需求设有多个阀门，阀门的设置方式：在余热回收循环水泵10两端分别设有阀门d25和阀门e26，在经余热回收循环水泵10外设置旁通管路，其上设有阀门c24和阀门f27，两阀门分别位于阀门d25和阀门e26的两端；当余热回收循环水泵10进行检修时，关闭阀门d25和阀门e26，由烟气余热回收塔8内出来的高温循环水直接通过旁通管路进入后续流程；There are multiple valves on the circulating water delivery pipeline according to the requirements. The valve setting method: valve d25 and valve e26 are respectively provided at both ends of the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10, and a bypass pipeline is set outside the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10. There is a valve c24 and a valve f27 on it, and the two valves are located at the two ends of the valve d25 and the valve e26 respectively; when the waste heat recovery circulating water pump 10 is overhauled, the valve d25 and the valve e26 are closed, and the high temperature from the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 The circulating water enters the subsequent process directly through the bypass pipeline;
防腐高效水水板式换热器11的烟气余热回收塔8侧的进水管路与烟气余热回收塔8侧的出水管路之间设有阀门g28、阀门h29和阀门i30，当防腐高效水水板式换热器11进行检修时，关闭阀门g28和阀门i30，由烟气余热回收塔8内出来的高温循环水直接通过阀门h29进入后续流程；Valve g28, valve h29 and valve i30 are provided between the water inlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 and the water outlet pipeline on the side of the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 of the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-to-water plate heat exchanger 11. When the water plate heat exchanger 11 is overhauled, close the valve g28 and the valve i30, and the high temperature circulating water from the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 directly enters the subsequent process through the valve h29;
热网回水的进水管路上设有阀门m33，经电动热泵12加热后、通入到热网加热器4的出水管路上设有阀门o35，两阀门之间设有阀门n34；阀门j31和阀门k32设置在电动热泵12和防腐高效水水板式换热器11之间的循环管路上；当电动热泵12进行检修时，关闭阀门j31、阀门k32、阀门m33和阀门o35，热网回水直接通过阀门n34进入后续流程。There is a valve m33 on the inlet pipe of the return water of the heating network. After being heated by the electric heat pump 12, there is a valve o35 on the outlet pipe leading to the heating network heater 4. There is a valve n34 between the two valves; the valve j31 and the valve k32 is arranged on the circulation pipeline between the electric heat pump 12 and the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11; when the electric heat pump 12 is overhauled, close the valve j31, the valve k32, the valve m33 and the valve o35, and the return water of the heat network directly passes through Valve n34 enters the subsequent process.
在采暖期，假设热网回水温度为Th、烟气余热回收塔8出来的循环水温度为Ttc，利用防腐高效水水板式换热器11和电动热泵12串联进行烟气余热回收：热网回水进入电动热泵12中，通过防腐高效水水板式换热器11与烟气余热回收塔8出来的循环水进行间接换热，此时热网回水温度上升ΔT1，电动热泵12消耗电厂内部电能作为驱动电能；若此时热网回水的温度(Th+ΔT1)大于符合运行要求的供水温度(Tg)，即(Th+ΔT1)≥Tg，则关闭阀门b23、开启阀门o35此时集中供热系统热量完全由烟气余热供给、无需热网加热器4加热供给；若热网回水的温度未达到符合运行要求的供水温度，即此时(Th+ΔT1)<Tg，则开启阀门b23和阀门o35，将热网回水送至热网加热器4进行进一步加热，但加热量仅需要满足温升Tg-(Th+ΔT1)即可，从而大幅减少热网加热器4的抽汽量，达到节能目的。During the heating period, it is assumed that the return water temperature of the heat network is Th and the temperature of the circulating water from the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 is T tc . The return water of the heat network enters the electric heat pump 12, and conducts indirect heat exchange with the circulating water from the flue gas waste heat recovery tower 8 through the anti-corrosion and high-efficiency water-water plate heat exchanger 11. At this time, the return water temperature of the heat network rises ΔT 1 , and the electric heat pump 12 Consume the internal electric energy of the power plant as the driving electric energy; if the temperature of the return water of the heat network (T h +ΔT 1 ) is greater than the water supply temperature (T g ) that meets the operating requirements, that is, (T h +ΔT 1 )≥T g , then it will be turned off Valve b23 and valve o35 are opened. At this time, the heat of the central heating system is completely supplied by the waste heat of the flue gas, without the heating and supply of the heating network heater 4; h +ΔT 1 )<T g , then open the valve b23 and valve o35, and send the return water of the heating network to the heating network heater 4 for further heating, but the heating amount only needs to meet the temperature rise T g -(T h +ΔT 1 ), thereby greatly reducing the steam extraction amount of the heating network heater 4 and achieving the purpose of energy saving.
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，并不用于限制本发明，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下，还可以做出若干改进和变型，这些改进和变型也应视为本发明的保护范围。The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, some improvements can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
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