CN110857062B - 用于制造挡板构件的方法、人员运输工具以及挡板构件 - Google Patents

用于制造挡板构件的方法、人员运输工具以及挡板构件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110857062B
CN110857062B CN201910638056.2A CN201910638056A CN110857062B CN 110857062 B CN110857062 B CN 110857062B CN 201910638056 A CN201910638056 A CN 201910638056A CN 110857062 B CN110857062 B CN 110857062B
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natural
calibrated
heated
natural fiber
composite board
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CN110857062A (zh
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P·皮尼亚尔
Y·比谢
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Motherson Innovations Co Ltd
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Motherson Innovations Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R13/00—Elements for body-finishing, identifying, or decorating; Arrangements or adaptations for advertising purposes
    • B60R13/02—Internal Trim mouldings ; Internal Ledges; Wall liners for passenger compartments; Roof liners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • B29D99/001—Producing wall or panel-like structures, e.g. for hulls, fuselages, or buildings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
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    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/04—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres from fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/06—Making particle boards or fibreboards, with preformed covering layers, the particles or fibres being compressed with the layers to a board in one single pressing operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N3/00—Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08—Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/18—Auxiliary operations, e.g. preheating, humidifying, cutting-off
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B27N7/00—After-treatment, e.g. reducing swelling or shrinkage, surfacing; Protecting the edges of boards against access of humidity
    • B27N7/005—Coating boards, e.g. with a finishing or decorating layer
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C45/14778—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. injection moulding around inserts or for coating articles the article consisting of a material with particular properties, e.g. porous, brittle
    • B29C45/14786—Fibrous material or fibre containing material, e.g. fibre mats or fibre reinforced material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0017—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with blow-moulding or thermoforming
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
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    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B60N3/04—Arrangements or adaptations of other passenger fittings, not otherwise provided for of floor mats or carpets
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    • B60R21/02—Occupant safety arrangements or fittings, e.g. crash pads
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于遮盖人员运输工具(14)、尤其是车辆(15)的内部空间(12)的挡板构件(10)，其中所述挡板构件(10)具有：经挤压的天然纤维复合元件(16)，其包括至少一个从人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)可感知的可见侧(18)，所述可见侧形成具有天然纤维(22)的结构(21)的天然纤维表面(20)；以及涂敷到天然纤维表面(20)上的并且包围天然纤维(22)的漆保护层(26)，所述漆保护层这样构成，使得所述天然纤维(22)的结构(21)可被感觉到。此外本发明涉及用于制造这样的挡板构件(10)的方法以及包括这样的挡板构件(10)的人员运输工具(14)。

Description

用于制造挡板构件的方法、人员运输工具以及挡板构件
技术领域
本发明涉及用于遮盖人员运输工具的内部空间的挡板构件、用于制造这样的挡板构件的方法以及包括这样的挡板构件的人员运输工具。
背景技术
人员运输工具尤其是实施为车辆，但也可以是船、飞机、列车或类似物。当在下文中关于车辆解释本发明时，所述实施方式同样也适用于其他人员运输工具、如船、飞机、列车或类似物。
在人员运输工具的所有设计中，内部空间或多或少被耗费地遮盖，以便提供吸引人的内部空间造型。尤其是在车辆中，内部空间造型发挥很大作用并且是重要卖点。在遮盖内部空间时使用挡板构件，所述挡板构件例如从内侧遮盖车辆的车门。所述挡板构件也可以形成仪表板或行李舱挡板或侧挡板或是其一部分。
出于不同的原因，尤其出于审美或生态原因，可希望的是，用具有由天然纤维构成的结构的天然纤维表面装备可见侧、亦即从人员运输工具的内部空间可感知的且尤其是可看到且可感觉到的一侧。然而，天然纤维尤其是相对于人造纤维和其他的用于挡板构件的表面结构对物理、化学和机械影响、如紫外线辐射、刮痕或磨损具有减少的耐抗性。此外，天然纤维通常不斥水，从而干燥过程在湿透时长时间持续并且经常留下水渍。此外可由于湿透形成霉并且表面特性可能改变。
EP 2 563 570 B1公开了一种挡板构件，其可见侧以具有由天然纤维构成的结构的天然纤维表面装备。为了出于上述原因保护天然纤维，使用多层的保护层，该保护层由与用于天然纤维的结合基体相同的材料制成。保护层被加热并且与天然纤维熔合。然而，该制造过程复杂且耗费。天然纤维表面的光学均一性依赖于多种因素，尤其依赖于天然纤维复合元件的材料均一性、温度分布的均一性、局部的材料密度和局部的材料浸渍能力。
发明内容
本发明的一种实施形式的任务是，给出一种用于遮盖人员运输工具的内部空间的挡板构件，利用其以简单且低成本的方式可行的是，这样制造挡板构件的可见侧的天然纤维表面，使得保护天然纤维以防物理、化学和机械影响。此外，本发明的一种设计的任务是，提供成本低廉的用于制造这样的挡板构件的方法以及包括这样的挡板构件的人员运输工具。
该任务利用按照本发明的用于遮盖人员运输工具的内部空间的挡板构件、用于制造按照本发明的挡板构件的方法和人员运输工具来解决。
本发明的一种实施形式涉及一种用于遮盖人员运输工具、尤其是车辆的内部空间的挡板构件，其中，该挡板构件具有：经挤压的天然纤维复合元件，其包括至少一个从车辆的内部空间可感知的可见侧，所述可见侧形成具有由天然纤维构成的结构的天然纤维表面；以及涂敷到天然纤维表面上的且包围天然纤维的漆保护层，所述漆保护层构成为使得由天然纤维构成的结构可被感觉到。
尤其是不同于在EP 2 563 570 B1中公开的保护天然纤维以防外部影响的方式，按照本发明可行的是，使用漆保护层。所述漆保护层能够比例如在EP 2 563 570 B1中使用的多层保护层以明显更均匀且明显更小的层厚度涂敷。对于保护天然纤维所需的漆体积明显小于对于多层保护层所需的体积。此外天然纤维的特性在明显更大的范围中得到维持，尤其是在光学和触觉方面。漆保护层可以透明地构成，从而由天然纤维预定的颜色保持可见。漆保护层可以染色，以便加强天然纤维的颜色。为了使在EP 2 563 570 B1中使用的多层保护层充分胶着在天然纤维复合元件上，多层保护层必须由与天然纤维复合元件相同的材料构成。在按照建议的漆保护层中不存在这样的材料限制。由此显著提高设计可能性。此外能够在使用按照建议的漆保护层的情况下实现天然纤维表面的非常均一的形象。能够利用按照建议的漆保护层相比于由现有技术已知的保护层更简单地实施颜色变化和颜色适配。
按照另一种实施形式，漆保护层是防紫外线、抗磨损、斥水和/或抗刮伤的。关于紫外线辐射、磨损和湿气的外部影响构成对于天然纤维的最大负担，在利用对应设计的漆保护层的实施形式中可以特别效果显著地抑制所述负担。
在一种扩展构成的实施形式中，天然纤维复合元件可以具有用于天然纤维的由热塑性塑料、如聚丙烯(PP)或由热固性塑料构成的结合基体。这样的结合基体广泛使用并且能够实现以简单且低成本的方式制造挡板构件。由聚丙烯构成的天然纤维复合元件也称为NFPP(天然纤维加强的聚丙烯)。热固性塑料的示例是环氧化物树脂、聚氨酯树脂和丙烯酸树脂。
在一种扩展构成的实施形式，天然纤维可以由剑麻、黄麻、亚麻和/或类似物构成并且以缝合的或未缝合的无定向无纺布、织物或单向层的形式制造。包括漆保护层的挡板构件的构造可以是两层或多层的。按照建议的挡板构件可以以不同的变化制造，从而人员运输工具的内部空间可以非常不同地构造，但在所有变化中使用以漆保护层封装的天然纤维。
本发明的一种构成方案涉及用于制造按照先前实施形式之一的挡板构件的方法，其具有如下步骤：
-借助校准工具加热和校准天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫，
-借助涂敷装置将漆保护层施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上，
-将经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫放入包括上模具和下模具的模具中，
-通过上模具和/或下模具的运动闭合模具并且将经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫成形为挡板构件，其中
-所述成形的步骤在漆保护层已施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上时才进行。
备选地，所述方法可以如下构成：
-借助涂敷装置将漆保护层施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上，
-借助校准工具加热和校准天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫，
-将经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫放入包括上模具和下模具的模具中，
-通过上模具和/或下模具的运动闭合模具并且将经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫成形为挡板构件，其中
-所述成形的步骤在漆保护层已施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上时才进行。
利用按照建议的方法能够实现的技术效果和优点对应于针对当前挡板构件所讨论的技术效果和优点。总之要指出，不需要使用多层保护层来保护天然纤维以防外部影响和作用。而是按照建议可能使用相对薄的漆保护层，其尤其是使天然纤维的视觉和触觉特性尽可能不受触动。此外漆保护层能够非常均匀地涂敷，从而产生天然纤维表面的非常均一的形象。
为了将天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫置于希望的形状中，首先对其校准，其中将大量热尽可能快地进入材料的中心。为此天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫被加热和挤压。在校准之后，经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫设有漆保护层并且放入模具中，所述模具具有上模具和下模具。通过闭合模具，经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫置于希望的形状中。但也可能，在校准之前将漆保护层施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上。
基于漆保护层与经加热的天然纤维复合垫或经加热的天然纤维复合板接触的事实，漆也被加热。由此实现：漆基的成分、例如溶剂或水至少部分地已经在成形之前汽化并且因此不会不利影响成形过程。
在另一种构成方案中设置如下步骤：
-通过借助喷涂施设器的喷涂将漆保护层施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上。
喷涂施设器作为涂敷装置的使用出于技术角度可非常简单地实现并且确保漆保护层的均匀涂敷。此外喷涂施设器特别良好地适合于提供非常薄的漆保护层。
一种继续开发的构成方案预定如下步骤：
-通过借助层转移设备的层转移将漆保护层施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上。
在该构成方案中，漆保护层已经在其施加到天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫上之前完成制造。对此适合的是尤其是对应设计的膜片。所述膜片也允许将漆保护层特别均一地且层厚小地施加到天然纤维复合垫或天然纤维复合板上。不同于喷涂施设器的使用，在该构成方案中不需要设置可运动的装置，以便在天然纤维复合垫或天然纤维复合板上引导喷涂施设器。此外不需要这样大量生产漆，使得其可喷射。当然所述漆必须适合形成膜片。层转移设备可以例如具有一定数量的辊，利用所述辊将膜片施加到天然纤维复合垫或天然纤维复合板上。
按照一种扩展开发的构成方案设置如下步骤：
在闭合模具以成形用于挡板构件的经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的天然纤维复合垫之前，将漆保护层施加到模具的上模具和/或下模具上
在该构成方案中，在闭合模具以成形经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合板或经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合垫之前，将漆保护层施加到模具的上模具和/或下模具上。漆保护层在制造期间仅处于模具中，从而避免漆保护层与经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板或经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合垫一起运输至模具。在这里例如因灰尘产生的对漆保护层的外部影响在该构成方案中被避免或至少保持很小，从而产生的天然纤维表面可以特别均一地构成。
按照扩展构成的构成方案设置如下步骤：
-在已施加漆保护层之后，借助干燥设备干燥天然纤维复合板或天然纤维复合垫。
如提到的那样，为了提供均一的天然纤维表面而有利的是，漆基的成分、例如溶剂或水已经在成形过程之前汽化。更确切地说，这些成分已经通过如下方式汽化，即，经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合垫或经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合板的热量传输到漆保护层上。但所述热量不总是足以使所述成分完全汽化。然而为了确保漆保护层的成分尽可能完全汽化，使用干燥的步骤。一旦漆保护层已施加到天然纤维复合垫或天然纤维复合板上，亦即按照该方法的构成方案也已经在校准之前，可以实施所述干燥的步骤。
在另一种构成方案中，设置如下附加的步骤：
-在闭合模具时将功能元件喷射到挡板构件上。
功能元件可以是定位销、焊接圆顶和类似物，利用其可以将挡板构件固定在相邻设置的安装件上。功能元件可以在模具中制造，从而不需要附加的制造步骤。
本发明的一种设计涉及人员运输工具、尤其是车辆，该人员运输工具包括用于遮盖人员运输工具的内部空间的尤其是按照先前讨论的实施形式之一的挡板构件，其中，挡板构件利用按照先前讨论的构成方案之一的方法制造。能够利用按照建议的人员运输工具实现的技术效果和优点对应于对于当前的挡板构件讨论的技术效果和优点。总之要指出，不需要使用多层保护层来保护天然纤维以防外部影响和作用。而是按照建议可能使用相对薄的漆保护层，这尤其是使天然纤维的视觉和触觉特性尽可能不受触动。此外漆保护层能够非常均匀地涂敷，从而产生天然纤维表面的非常均一的形象。因此能够高价值地设计人员运输工具的内部空间。
附图说明
接着参考附图进一步解释本发明的示例性实施形式。在附图中
图1A示出按照本发明的挡板构件的一种实施形式的原理剖面图；
图1B示出在图1A中表征的区域A的不按比例的放大图；
图2A-2G示出按照本发明的用于制造挡板构件的方法的第一实施形式的不同步骤；
图3A-3G示出按照本发明的用于制造挡板构件的方法的第二实施形式的不同步骤；
图4A-4G示出按照本发明的用于制造挡板构件的方法的第三实施形式的不同步骤；
图5A-5F示出按照本发明的用于制造挡板构件的方法的第四实施形式的不同步骤；以及
图6分别借助原理图示出包括这样的挡板构件的人员运输工具的俯视图。
具体实施方式
图1A示出通过按照本发明的用于遮盖人员运输工具14、尤其是车辆15(参看图6)的内部空间12的挡板构件10的原理剖面图。图1B示出在图1A中表征的区域A的不按比例的放大图。挡板构件10具有包括可见侧18的经挤压的天然纤维复合元件16，天然纤维表面20设置在所述可见侧上。可见侧18在装入的状态中朝内部空间12指向。天然纤维表面20形成由天然纤维22构成的结构21，所述结构从人员运输工具14的内部空间12可感知并且尤其是可看到且可感觉到。
挡板构件10具有结合基体24，所述结合基体由热塑性塑料如聚丙烯(PP)构成，并且天然纤维22锚定在所述结合基体中。结合基体24形成挡板构件10的一层，其中，由天然纤维22构成的结构是可看出的和/或可触摸的。挡板构件10可以具有未示出的其他的层，以例如用于加强或按照设计技术装饰挡板构件10，例如利用天然纤维织物或天然纤维无纺布。
如尤其是由图1B可知，按照建议的挡板构件10具有漆保护层26，所述漆保护层涂敷到天然纤维表面20上并且包围天然纤维22。天然纤维22因此全面由漆保护层26封装，从而虽然由天然纤维22形成的结构21被保留且可被人感觉到，但是天然纤维22被保护以防外部影响如紫外线辐射和/或机械负载。
天然纤维22可以例如由剑麻(Sisal)、黄麻(Jute)、亚麻(Flachs)和/或类似物构成并且以缝合的或未缝合的无定向无纺布、织物或单向层的形式制造并且放入结合基体24中。
在图1A和1B示出的实施例中，天然纤维表面20在整个可见侧18上延伸。但也可能，将可见侧18的区域从天然纤维表面20取出，例如当在那里应该设置在这里未示出的装饰元件时取出。
在图2A至2G中示出按照本发明的用于制造例如如在图1A和1B中所示的挡板构件10的方法的第一实施例。挡板构件10的原材料由天然纤维复合板28或天然纤维复合垫30形成。在该天然纤维复合板28或天然纤维复合垫30上，如在图2A中所示，借助涂敷装置32、在该情况中借助喷涂施设器34将漆保护层26涂敷到挡板构件10的以后的可见侧18上。一旦以后的可见侧18完整地设有漆保护层26，则天然纤维复合板28或天然纤维复合垫30借助校准工具36校准(参看图2B)。在校准时，用压力P加载天然纤维复合板28或天然纤维复合垫30。同时以热量Q加热天然纤维复合垫30或天然纤维复合板28。基于所述加热，漆保护层26的漆基的至少一部分、尤其是溶剂或水汽化。
随后，设有漆保护层26的经校准的天然纤维复合板28或设有漆保护层26的经校准的天然纤维复合垫30放入模具38中，所述模具具有上模具40和下模具42。上模具40和下模具42可以彼此相向地和彼此远离地运动。如由图2C可知，在打开的状态中，上模具40和下模具42释放间隙44，所述间隙这样确定尺寸，使得经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30可以放入模具38中。
上模具40和下模具42分别具有修剪棱边46。经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30在初始状态中这样确定尺寸，使得当其放入模具38中时，其向外超过修剪棱边46伸出。
在经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30已放入打开的模具38中之后，模具38闭合，如在图2D中所示。为此上模具40和下模具42彼此相向运动。闭合模具38引起经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30首先成形为经成形的垫或板53。在此修剪棱边46这样共同作用，使得所述修剪棱边在闭合时从经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30分离出边缘件47。
上模具40和下模具42具有空隙48和突起50。此外模具38具有型芯或滑动件43。经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30与空隙48和突起50的走向适配，使得空隙48这样设计，即，其在模具38闭合时与经校准的天然纤维复合板28或经校准的天然纤维复合垫30进行接触。下模具42的一些空隙48这样设计，使得其在闭合模具38时形成型腔。滑动件43可以引入该型腔中。在图2E中示出的步骤中，该型腔以注塑材料填充，由此功能元件51、如定位和/或固定区段或肋条喷射或后注射到经变形的垫或经变形的板53的关于图2A至2G在下面的那侧上。在功能元件51完成制造之后产生挡板构件10。
如在图2F中所示，随后打开模具38并且拉回滑动件43。现在可以从模具38中取出挡板构件10。清除或回收边缘件47。在图2G中示出包括喷射的功能元件51的挡板构件10。在设置滑动件43的位置，相关的功能元件51具有空心区域52。
模压之前施加漆保护层26的一个优点在于，因湿气竖立的天然纤维22再次压平，以便因此获得平的表面。该优点也适用于按照本发明的方法的如下提出的实施例。
在图3A至3G中借助原理图示出按照本发明的方法的第二实施例。按照本发明的方法的第二实施例很大程度上等同于按照本发明的方法的第一实施例，但天然纤维复合板28或天然纤维复合垫30首先以上述方式校准，然后涂敷漆保护层26，这再次以喷涂施设器34进行(参看图3A和3B)。如开头所述，天然纤维复合垫30或天然纤维复合板28在校准时被加热，从而漆基至少部分地汽化。为了确保漆基完全或几乎完全汽化，按照第二实施例的方法具有借助干燥设备54、例如借助热空气鼓风机干燥在该情况中已经校准的和经加热的天然纤维复合板28或经加热的和经校准的天然纤维复合板28的步骤。在已涂敷漆保护层26之后，干燥的步骤也可以在校准之前已经实施。其余的步骤相同于对于按照本发明的方法的第一实施例论述的步骤。
在图4A至4G中再次借助原理图示出按照本发明的方法的用于制造挡板构件10的第三实施例。与按照第一和第二实施例的方法的重要区别在于，漆保护层26在使用已经提到的喷涂施设器34的情况下在该情况中施加到模具38的上模具40上(图4B)。上模具40在该情况中成形挡板构件10的以后的可见侧18。在上模具40已设有漆保护层26之后，经校准的天然纤维复合垫30或经校准的天然纤维复合板28(图4A)放入模具38中(参看图4C)。在图4D至4G中示出的其余步骤对应于按照第一和第二实施例的方法的步骤。要提到的是，在按照第三实施例的方法中可能的是，漆保护层26这样涂敷，使得其不延伸到在闭合模具38时产生的边缘件47上。从挡板构件10分离的边缘件47可以更简单地清除。此外需要的漆量可以减少到需要的程度。
在图5A至5F中同样借助原理图示出按照本发明的方法的第四实施例。在该情况中，漆保护层26不是借助喷涂施设器34、而是借助层转移设备56施加到挡板构件10的以后的可见侧18上，所述层转移设备在该情况中形成涂敷装置32。所述漆保护层26作为连续的膜片58存在，其利用层转移设备56施加到天然纤维复合垫30或天然纤维复合板28上。如由图5A可知，层转移设备56可以集成到校准工具36中，从而施加漆保护层26和校准的步骤可以在相同的地点并且几乎在相同的时间中进行。经校准的天然纤维复合垫30或经校准的天然纤维复合板28现在导入打开的模具38中，如在图5B中所示。接着的步骤对应于已针对按照本发明的方法的其余实施例描述的步骤。
在图6中示出人员运输工具14，其设计为车辆15。车辆15具有内部空间12，所述内部空间利用按照本发明的挡板构件10遮盖。挡板构件10的可见侧18在此朝内部空间12指向。
附图标记列表
10 挡板构件
12 内部空间
14 人员运输工具
15 车辆
16 天然纤维复合元件
18 可见侧
20 天然纤维表面
21 结构
22 天然纤维
24 结合基体
26 漆保护层
28 天然纤维复合板
30 天然纤维复合垫
32 涂敷装置
34 喷涂施设器
36 校准工具
38 模具
40 上模具
42 下模具
43型芯、滑动件
44 间隙
46 修剪棱边
47 边缘件
48 空隙
50 突起
51 功能元件
52 空心区域
53 变形的垫或变形的板
54 干燥设备
56 层转移设备
58 膜片
A 一部分
P压力
Q热量

Claims (14)

1.用于制造挡板构件(10)的方法，所述挡板构件用于遮盖人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)，其中，所述挡板构件(10)具有
经挤压的天然纤维复合元件(16)，其包括至少一个从人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)可感知的可见侧(18)，所述可见侧形成具有由天然纤维(22)构成的结构(21)的天然纤维表面(20)，以及
涂敷到天然纤维表面(20)上的且包围天然纤维(22)的漆保护层(26)，所述漆保护层这样构成，使得所述由天然纤维(22)构成的结构(21)能够被感觉到，
所述方法具有如下步骤：
-借助校准工具(36)加热并校准天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)，
-借助涂敷装置(32)将漆保护层(26)施加到经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)上，其中，漆在与经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)接触时被加热，其方式为，经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板的热量传输到漆保护层上，并且由此漆基的成分至少部分地已经在成形之前汽化，
-将经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)放入包括上模具(40)和下模具(42)的模具(38)中，
-通过上模具(40)和/或下模具(42)的运动闭合所述模具(38)并且将经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)成形为挡板构件(10)，其中
-所述成形的步骤在漆保护层(26)已施加到天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)上时才进行。
2.用于制造挡板构件(10)的方法，所述挡板构件用于遮盖人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)，其中，所述挡板构件(10)具有
经挤压的天然纤维复合元件(16)，其包括至少一个从人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)可感知的可见侧(18)，所述可见侧形成具有由天然纤维(22)构成的结构(21)的天然纤维表面(20)，以及
涂敷到天然纤维表面(20)上的且包围天然纤维(22)的漆保护层(26)，所述漆保护层这样构成，使得所述由天然纤维(22)构成的结构(21)能够被感觉到，
所述方法具有如下步骤：
-借助涂敷装置(32)将漆保护层(26)施加到天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)上，
-借助校准工具(36)加热并校准天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)，其中，漆在与经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)接触时被加热，其方式为，经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板的热量传输到漆保护层上，并且由此漆基的成分至少部分地已经在成形之前汽化，
-将经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)放入包括上模具(40)和下模具(42)的模具(38)中，
-通过上模具(40)和/或下模具(42)的运动闭合模具(38)并且将经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合板(28)或经加热的且经校准的天然纤维复合垫(30)成形为挡板构件(10)，其中
-所述成形的步骤在漆保护层(26)已施加到天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)上时才进行。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：
-通过借助喷涂施设器(34)的喷涂将漆保护层(26)施加到天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)上。
4.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：
-通过借助层转移设备(56)的层转移将漆保护层(26)施加到天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)上。
5.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：
-在闭合模具(38)以将经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合板(28)或经校准的且经加热的天然纤维复合垫(30)成形为挡板构件(10)之前，将漆保护层(26)施加到模具(38)的上模具(40)和/或下模具(42)上。
6.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：
-在已施加漆保护层(26)之后，借助干燥设备(54)干燥天然纤维复合板(28)或天然纤维复合垫(30)。
7.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于如下步骤：
-在闭合模具(38)时将功能元件(34)喷射到挡板构件(10)上。
8.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述人员运输工具为车辆(15)。
9.人员运输工具，该人员运输工具包括用于遮盖人员运输工具(14)的内部空间(12)的挡板构件(10)，其中，所述挡板构件(10)利用按照权利要求1至8之一所述的方法制造。
10.按照权利要求9所述的人员运输工具，其特征在于，所述人员运输工具是车辆(15)。
11.利用权利要求1至7之一所述的方法制造的挡板构件，其特征在于，所述漆保护层(26)防紫外线、抗磨损、斥水和/或抗刮伤。
12.按照权利要求11所述的挡板构件，其特征在于，所述天然纤维复合元件(16)具有用于天然纤维(22)的由热塑性塑料或由热固性塑料构成的结合基体(24)。
13.按照权利要求12所述的挡板构件，其特征在于，所述热塑性塑料是聚丙烯。
14.按照权利要求12所述的挡板构件，其特征在于，天然纤维(22)由剑麻、黄麻和/或亚麻构成并且以缝合的或未缝合的无定向无纺布、织物或单向层的形式制造。
CN201910638056.2A 2018-08-23 2019-07-16 用于制造挡板构件的方法、人员运输工具以及挡板构件 Active CN110857062B (zh)

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