CN107471685B - 用于车辆的车顶模块和制造车顶模块的方法 - Google Patents

用于车辆的车顶模块和制造车顶模块的方法 Download PDF

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CN107471685B
CN107471685B CN201710381621.2A CN201710381621A CN107471685B CN 107471685 B CN107471685 B CN 107471685B CN 201710381621 A CN201710381621 A CN 201710381621A CN 107471685 B CN107471685 B CN 107471685B
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roof module
frame
mould
polyurethane
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CN107471685A (zh
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M·柯克纳
M·路德维格
J·罗德尔
M·瓦罗赫
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Skylight System Germany Co ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60JWINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/02Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C44/12Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or reinforcements
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C69/00Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
    • B29C69/02Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/20Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
    • B29C70/202Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D25/00Superstructure or monocoque structure sub-units; Parts or details thereof not otherwise provided for
    • B62D25/06Fixed roofs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62DMOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D29/00Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof
    • B62D29/04Superstructures, understructures, or sub-units thereof, characterised by the material thereof predominantly of synthetic material
    • B62D29/043Superstructures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C44/00Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
    • B29C44/20Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of indefinite length
    • B29C44/32Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements
    • B29C44/332Incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. linings, inserts or reinforcements the preformed parts being three-dimensional structures
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C59/00Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C59/02Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2075/00Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/25Solid
    • B29K2105/253Preform
    • B29K2105/256Sheets, plates, blanks or films
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2309/00Use of inorganic materials not provided for in groups B29K2303/00 - B29K2307/00, as reinforcement
    • B29K2309/08Glass
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29LINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/30Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
    • B29L2031/3002Superstructures characterized by combining metal and plastics, i.e. hybrid parts
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60YINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
    • B60Y2410/00Constructional features of vehicle sub-units
    • B60Y2410/12Production or manufacturing of vehicle parts
    • B60Y2410/122Plastic parts manufactured by moulding

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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车辆的车顶模块(10),包括RTM框架(12)和至少部分覆盖该框架(12)且由聚氨酯制成的A级覆盖层(14)。本发明还涉及一种用于制造车顶模块的方法,其借助于以下步骤:首先,将纤维垫放入第一模具。然后,将反应性树脂体系引入闭合的模具并且树脂固化,从而形成坯件。将坯件放入第二模具,随后在开启状态下将聚氨酯引入第二模具。聚氨酯膨胀,其中至少部分形成A级表面。

Description

用于车辆的车顶模块和制造车顶模块的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于机动车辆的车顶模块以及制造用于机动车辆的车顶模块的方法。
背景技术
现有技术中已知的许多车顶模块被设计成复合塑料部件。由于它们重量轻、形状简单并且材料性能可调性更好,这些复合部件时常替代传统的由玻璃或钣金制成的车辆车顶模块或车身外部覆层。
这样的车顶模块作为预安装组件提供,然后与车体结构的其它部分连接(例如特别是通常在两个A柱、两个B柱和两个C柱之间延伸的纵向和横向支柱),是特别有优势的。
发明内容
本发明的目的是创制一种车顶模块,其特点在于具有改良的性能,例如特别是具有更高强度、更轻重量和/或更高质量的表面。
为了实现该目的,根据本发明提供的用于机动车辆的车顶模块,其包括RTM框架和至少部分覆盖框架且由聚氨酯制成的A级覆盖层。为了解决该目的,还另外提供了一种制造车顶模块的方法,其借助于以下步骤:首先,将纤维垫放入第一模具。然后,将反应性树脂体系引入至闭合的模具且树脂固化,从而形成坯件。将坯件放入第二模具,随后在开启状态下将聚氨酯引入第二模具。聚氨酯膨胀,其中至少部分形成A级表面。
本发明是以RTM框架和聚氨酯泡沫包覆的组合所获得的优良性能的发现为依据的。一方面,框架具有高硬度的特点。另一方面,在已安装的车顶模块的外部可视区域中,可通过相对少的努力获得A级表面,不需要为了该目的将单独的附接部件安装在框架上,虽然现有技术中通常是这种情况。这样带来了重量上的优势。此外,聚氨酯A级表面的质量非常高,因为它可通过自修复表面实现。如果需要,A级表面也可以抛光。
这里的术语RTM框架表示由所谓的RTM方法制造的框架。RTM代表“树脂传递模塑”且还被称为“树脂注射方法”。在该方法中,将未浸渍纤维垫放入模具中,并在模具闭合后,将反应性树脂体系引入模具的模具型腔中。树脂体系完全浸渍纤维垫并且固化。随后,从模具中移出坯件。
对于RTM法,可以想到各种反应性树脂体系。然而,最优选的是聚氨酯,因为它的性质可以带来很好的结果。
RTM框架优选包括特别是可以包括玻璃纤维的纤维垫。这提供了很高的部件强度。
框架的纤维含量在40%至60%之间。特别优选的玻璃纤维含量是45%。
纤维垫优选多层。这提供了对与部件负荷相对应的各个层中的纤维的对准,从而优化框架的刚度。
根据本发明优选的实施例,纤维垫至少在A级覆盖层的区域中没有缝合线。为了适当覆盖纤维垫的不同层,原则上,这样的缝合线是有优势的。然而,已经发现,在纤维垫完全没有缝合线时,A级覆盖层的表面质量更好。
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了设置在RTM框架和覆盖层之间的膜。该膜特别是由热塑性材料制成,用作RTM框架和覆盖层之间的隔热件和助粘剂,因此,一方面提高了A级覆盖层的表面质量,并且另一方面,在覆盖层和框架之间获得了更好的连接。
为了使覆盖层适应消费者的各种期望,可以对引入至第二模具的聚氨酯着色。然后,不再需要对已完成的车顶模块进行涂漆。
根据本发明的一个方面,在纤维垫放入第一模具之前,提供了预压纹的纤维垫。因此,在实施RTM方法时,还可以获得更复杂的框架几何结构,而没有引起任何问题。
附图说明
本发明根据各个在附图中示出的实施例描述如下,其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的车顶模块的立体图;
图2a-2c示出了制造坯件的各种方法步骤;
图3示意性示出了制造坯件所使用的纤维垫的横截面;
图4a-4c示出了制造A级覆盖层的各个步骤;
图5a-5c示出了根据本发明的第二实施例的各个视图中的车顶模块。
具体实施方式
图1示意性示出了根据第一实施例的车顶模块10。在此,该车顶模块包括RTM框架12,该RTM框架在某些部件或部分上设有A级覆盖层14。
车顶模块10设置成安装在机动车辆上。特别地,车顶模块与车体结构相连接。根据车顶模块的设计,其可以形成车体顶部表面的一部分或整个车顶表面。例如,车顶模块可设置在两个A柱或两个B柱之间。
框架12包括前横支柱16和后横支柱18。它们通过两个侧支柱20相互连接。所有支柱均一体形成。
支柱16,18,20具有合适的构型,以使盖体(未示出)可以安装在其上。特别地,盖体可以是透明的。
根据实施例的不同,盖体可以固定连接至框架12,特别是胶合在其上。在这种情况下,框架12的支柱构造成提供期望的盖体连接表面。
透明盖体还可以是滑顶系统的可调盖体。在这种情况下,支柱16,18,20构造成提供滑动车顶机构、遮光装置、线缆通道固定器、水通道和/或其它组件构型的期望固定点。
在如图1所示的实施例中,A级覆盖层14设计成在前支柱16的整个宽度上延伸的内衬。在车顶模块10的安装状态下,A级覆盖层14因此邻接车辆挡风玻璃的上边缘。
A级覆盖层14不是独立部件,而是直接发泡在框架12上。A级覆盖层的表面具有类似涂漆的钣金表面的结构,所以原则上,A级覆盖层不经任何进一步后处理即可以成为车身的外表面部分。
参照图2a至图2c,框架12的制造阐释如下。
使用模具30来制造框架12,该模具包括两个模具部分32,34。在两个模具部分32,34之间放置纤维垫36。该纤维垫被设计成多层(参见图3),其中各个层的纤维方向相对于未来的部件负荷是可调的。特别地,它是多层玻璃纤维垫。
纤维垫(还称为“预成型件”)已经带有框架12的基本几何形状。在如图1所示的示例性实施例中,纤维垫36因此具有呈矩形框架状的大中央切口。
当将纤维垫放入第一模具30中时,纤维垫36通常被预先压纹,以使它的构型类似于已完成的框架12的构型。此外,纤维垫可以设置多个图3所示的缝合线38,从而帮助各个纤维层的搭接。
没有被树脂浸渍的预压纹纤维垫36设置在模具的两个部分32,34之间,并且模具是闭合的(参见图2a)。
随后,将反应性树脂体系引入第一模具30(参见图2b)中,反应性树脂体系优选是聚异氰酸酯。
在模具30中,树脂体系浸渍纤维垫(树脂体系从如图2b所示的中心浇口散布在模具的模具型腔中并且由此浸渍纤维垫)并且固化。
随后,开启模具30(参见图2c),移出框架的坯件。
在第二模具40中,将A级覆盖层14施加在坯件(参见图4a至4c)上。
第二模具40由两个部分42,44组成。相比于第一模具30,第二模具40不具有浇口区。
在第一步骤中,将坯件12’放入开启的第二模具40中。随后,将反应性树脂体系施加在坯件12’将要被设置覆盖层14的区域上。这通过示意性示出的喷头46来表示。随后,第二模具闭合(参见图4b)并且反应性树脂体系固化。这是一种发泡方法,其确保存在于将要产生的覆盖层14的区域中的第二模具的光滑模具表面被印制为A级表面。
根据未示出的设计变型,提出了将作为坯件12’和在坯件上发泡的覆盖层14的隔热件和助粘剂的膜放入第二模具中。特别地,该膜可以由热塑性材料制成。
在图5a至图5b中示出了第二实施例10。可以看到,框架12设计成比第一实施例中长得多。在此,框架从例如邻接挡风玻璃的A柱52开始沿着车体结构的纵向梁50延伸跨过B柱54进入C柱56之间的区域。除了前支柱16和后支柱18之外,框架12还设有中间支柱19。
前盖体21和后盖体22安装在框架12上。如示例性实施例所示,前盖体21在车辆的纵向可移动,而后盖体22固定安装在框架12上并且因此位于车顶模块10上。
原则上,也可以可移动地安装后盖体。
在前盖体21之前,框架12还设有A级覆盖层14。车身的车顶表面58位于框架的后横支柱18之后。
尽管在第二实施例中,覆盖层14仅在前边缘示出,但是,进一步的,覆盖层当然还可以位于车身的后盖体和车顶表面之间。同样地,可以仅在车顶模块的后边缘使用覆盖层。

Claims (12)

1.一种用于机动车辆的车顶模块(10),包括可滑动的盖体(21)、RTM框架(12)和至少部分覆盖所述框架(12)且由聚氨酯制成的A级覆盖层(14),其特征在于,所述RTM框架(12)包括前横支柱(16)和后横支柱(18),该前横支柱与后横支柱通过两个侧支柱(20)相互连接,所述前横支柱(16)、所述后横支柱(18)和所述两个侧支柱(20)相互一体形成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述RTM框架是聚氨酯部件。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述RTM框架包括纤维垫(36)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述纤维垫(36)包括玻璃纤维。
5.根据权利要求4所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述框架(12)的玻璃纤维含量在40%至60%之间。
6.根据权利要求3所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述纤维垫(36)是多层的。
7.根据权利要求3所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述纤维垫(36)至少在A级覆盖层的区域中没有缝合线(38)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述RTM框架(12)和所述覆盖层(14)之间设有膜。
9.根据权利要求8所述的车顶模块,其特征在于,所述膜由热塑性材料制成。
10.一种用于制造用于车顶模块的RTM框架(12)的方法,其中提供了下述步骤:
-将纤维垫(36)放入第一模具(30);
-将反应性树脂体系引入所述第一模具(30)中;
-所述树脂固化,从而形成坯件(12’),
-将所述坯件(12’)放入第二模具(40);
-将聚氨酯引入所述第二模具(40),
-所述聚氨酯膨胀,其中它至少部分形成A级表面。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,被引入所述第二模具(40)的所述聚氨酯是着色的。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维垫(36)在被放入所述第一模具(30)之前是预压纹的。
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