CN110851765A - Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state - Google Patents
Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for acquiring river roughness in a gradient flow state, which comprises the following steps: determining the type of the target river reach according to the winding condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water-blocking obstacles; acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient. According to the method for acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual change flow state, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the type of the target river reach is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains a water-blocking obstacle, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired according to the type of the target river reach, the water flow resistance composition of the river reach of the type and the mechanical balance principle, and the accuracy of the acquired river course roughness in the gradual change flow state can be improved. Furthermore, as the heavy hydraulic pilot calculation work in hydraulic calculation is reduced, the step of acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual flow state is simpler, the efficiency is higher, and the time consumption is shorter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy, in particular to a method for acquiring river course rate in a gradient flow state.
Background
The famous Manning formula is widely applied in the field of hydraulic engineering. The formula of Manning is V ═ 1/n R2/3S1/2Wherein V is the average flow velocity of the section, R is the hydraulic radius, S is the gradient of the canal bottom, and n is the roughness.
The roughness, also known as Manning coefficient and roughness coefficient, is a comprehensive characterization of roughness of river cross section and irregular edge wall shape, and is also a comprehensive parameter reflecting the influence on water flow resistance.
The basis of the manning formula is that the open channel water flow is in a constant uniform flow state, and the water flow which is relatively close to the uniform flow state in the natural open channel flow is often approximate to uniform flow in hydraulic calculation, such as wide and shallow gentle slope rivers including large rivers, river bottoms, bank slopes and the like which are relatively simple. However, the natural river has meandering, variable cross-sectional shapes, uneven river bottom and the like, which cause continuous changes of water depth and flow velocity along the way, and the water flow in the way is difficult to maintain a uniform flow state. Therefore, under the condition of relatively stable flow, the gradual flow is the common form of the natural river water flow, the water surface gradient cannot be directly substituted into a Manning formula for hydraulic calculation, and the influence caused by the on-way and local water head loss needs to be further considered.
The existing Manning formula or the correction formula or the improvement formula of the Manning coefficient has narrow application range and cannot be widely applied because of strong experience, or the parameter related to the formula is difficult to obtain. Various hydrodynamics books and hydrodynamics manuals have n-value tables made according to long-term engineering practice experience and experimental data, and can be used as reference for determining roughness. However, since the Manning formula is based on constant and uniform flow through the open channel, the starting point is the gravitational component F of the fluid infinitesimalGResistance to river FBThe mechanical balance between them. In complex channels, water-blocking barriers provide additional flow resistance FVAt the same time, the water flow state will change accordingly. Increasing the gradual flow condition, the fluid infinitesimal will generate an acceleration force term F in motionAThereby changing the mechanical equilibrium condition thereof to FG＝FB+FV+FAAnd the traditional Manning formula is directly adopted for calculation, so that the water-blocking barrier resistance term and the accelerating force term are ignored, and the Manning coefficient value obtained by looking up the table is necessarily deviated. Even if the Manning coefficient empirical values under different riverbed conditions and water-blocking barrier composite conditions are obtained through a large number of experiments to form a more complete Manning coefficient table, the problem that the acceleration force item is neglected cannot be solved, so that a large amount of hydraulic trial calculation work needs to be carried out to select a proper Manning coefficient value in the current hydraulic calculation. At present, a reference value of the roughness is obtained according to a table lookup of the riverbed conditions, and the roughness of a target river section is finally determined through a large amount of water conservancy trial calculation and matching of the measured water level.
Therefore, the river course roughness under the gradual change flow state obtained by the prior art is insufficient in precision and not strong in applicability, and the roughness is obtained in a complicated and time-consuming manner due to the fact that the hydraulic trial calculation work is heavy, so that errors of various hydraulic calculation results based on the Manning formula are large.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for acquiring river roughness in a gradual change flow state, which is used for solving or at least partially solving the defect of insufficient accuracy of the acquired river roughness in the gradual change flow state in the prior art.
The embodiment of the invention provides a method for acquiring river roughness in a gradient flow state, which comprises the following steps:
determining the type of a target river section according to the winding condition of the target river section and the condition that a river bed contains a water blocking obstacle;
acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach;
and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach includes:
and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river side wall roughness component, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach includes:
and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change flow river reach containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river reach boundary roughness component, a stone roughness component and a correction coefficient of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach includes:
and if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river channel side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component, a meandering roughness component and a correction coefficient of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to the components of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficients comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a weighted square sum of the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach and the roughness component of the side wall of the river according to the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach, the roughness component of the side wall of the river, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient;
and performing evolution on the weighted sum of squares to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to the components of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficients comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change flow river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of vegetation roughness component, river course side wall roughness component and stone roughness component of the target river reach;
and squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to the components of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficients comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual change river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of a vegetation roughness component, a river course side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component and a meandering roughness component of the target river reach;
and squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient includes:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area and the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area which is not covered by the vegetation of the target river reach;
and acquiring the first weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach, and acquiring the second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach and the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient includes:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion and the relative submergence of the vegetation coverage base area of the target river reach;
and acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient according to the proportion and the relative inundation degree of the vegetation coverage base area of the target river reach.
Preferably, the specific step of acquiring the correction coefficient includes:
acquiring the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach;
and acquiring the correction coefficient according to the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach.
According to the method for acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual change flow state, provided by the embodiment of the invention, the type of the target river reach is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains a water-blocking obstacle, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired according to the type of the target river reach, the water flow resistance composition of the river reach of the type and the mechanical balance principle, and the accuracy of the acquired river course roughness in the gradual change flow state can be improved. Furthermore, as the heavy hydraulic pilot calculation work in hydraulic calculation is reduced, the step of acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual flow state is simpler, the efficiency is higher, and the time consumption is shorter.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining river roughness in a gradual change flow state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for acquiring river roughness in a gradual change flow state according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In order to overcome the above problems in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining river roughness in a gradual flow state, which is based on the inventive concept that a target river reach is divided into different types according to a water blocking condition of the target river reach, each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness are obtained based on the mechanical balance of each type of river reach and elements affecting the roughness, the roughness of the target river reach is obtained according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness, high-precision calculation of the roughness can be achieved, and heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in hydraulic calculation is reduced.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for obtaining river roughness in a gradual change flow state according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the method includes: step S101, determining the type of the target river reach according to the winding condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles.
It should be noted that the river roughness obtaining method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for river in a gradual flow state. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the target river reach may be a river reach in a gradual flow state.
It will be appreciated that, whatever the type of channel, the channel has side walls which create resistance to water flow; rigid plants and stones on the riverbed of the river reach can also generate resistance to the water flow. The different meandering of the river section will create different resistance to the water flow. Straight channels, which do not include a serpentine, are generally free of resistance to water flow due to the serpentine; in a tortuous channel, there is resistance to water flow due to the tortuosity.
The rigid plants and the stones are water-blocking barriers.
The difference is different to the river reach, and its condition that meanders the condition and contain the barrier that blocks water is inequality, results in different to the influence of water resistance, and the constitution of water resistance is different, and the constitution of roughness is different, consequently, contains the barrier that blocks water according to the condition that meanders the condition and the riverbed of river reach, can be with the type that divide into different of river reach, according to different types, acquires the roughness respectively.
Specifically, the meandering condition of the target river section and the condition that the river bed contains the water blocking obstacle are acquired, and the type of the target river section can be determined according to the meandering condition of the target river section and the condition that the river bed contains the water blocking obstacle.
And S102, acquiring each component of the roughness of the target river reach and an auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach.
It can be understood that the types of the target river reach are different, the structures of the water flow resistance are different, and the structures of the roughness are different, so that each component of the roughness can be obtained based on the mechanical balance principle according to the structures of the water flow resistance.
According to the resistance of the side wall to the water flow, the roughness component of the side wall of the river channel can be obtained; according to the resistance of the rigid plants to water flow, the vegetation roughness component can be obtained; according to the resistance of the stone to the water flow, the roughness component of the stone can be obtained; the meandering rate component is obtained from the resistance to the water flow caused by the meandering of the river section.
Because vegetation, river course boundary wall, stone and the degree of meandering all exert an influence on the water resistance, can regard vegetation, river course boundary wall, stone and the degree of meandering as the roughness element.
Because different roughness elements are different to the influence degree of rivers resistance, can acquire the influence degree of different roughness elements to rivers resistance based on the mechanics equilibrium principle, according to the influence degree of each roughness element to rivers resistance, acquire the auxiliary coefficient.
And step S103, acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
Specifically, based on each component of the roughness of the target river reach and each auxiliary coefficient, the influence degree of the roughness element on the water flow resistance can be applied to each component of the corresponding roughness to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
The embodiment of the invention determines the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains the water-blocking barriers, acquires the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach, the water flow resistance composition of the river course of the type and the mechanical balance principle, and can improve the accuracy of the acquired river course roughness in the gradient flow state. Furthermore, as the heavy hydraulic pilot calculation work in hydraulic calculation is reduced, the step of acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual flow state is simpler, the efficiency is higher, and the time consumption is shorter.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river course side wall roughness component, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient of the target river reach.
Specifically, a straight gradual flow river channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation refers to a straight river channel without meanders and containing only non-submerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel does not contain rigid non-submerged vegetation, nor rocks.
A gradual flow riverway that contains only rigid submerged vegetation means a riverway that is straight, has no sinuous bends, and contains only submerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel does not contain rigid submerged vegetation, nor rocks.
For both types of target river reach, the water flow resistance is mainly composed of the resistance caused by the riverway side walls and the resistance caused by rigid vegetation.
According to the resistance of the side wall to the water flow, the roughness component of the side wall of the river channel can be obtained. For the constant and uniform flow of the open channel, only the resistance of the edge wall to the water flow exists, so the roughness of the edge wall of the river channel can be used as the roughness of the edge wall of the river channel by inquiring a roughness coefficient table of a common river channel by a common table look-up method. Common river channel roughness coefficient tables include the natural river roughness table compiled by Holton (Holton) in the united states.
The water flow resistance caused by rigid vegetation can be acquired according to the mechanical balance principle; according to the water flow resistance caused by the rigid vegetation, the vegetation roughness component can be obtained by utilizing a pre-constructed model.
The pre-constructed model can be constructed based on the existing empirical formula and can also be calibrated through experiments.
For both types of target river segments, the auxiliary coefficients include a first weighting coefficient and a second weighting coefficient.
Because the vegetation and the riverway side wall have different contributions to the water flow resistance, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient can be obtained according to the coverage condition of the rigid vegetation on the riverbed of the target river reach.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component and the river channel side wall roughness component of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained for the straight gradual change river channel which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or the gradual change river channel which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, the roughness of the target river reach can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, the steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness has higher precision.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach include: and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river course side wall roughness component and a stone roughness component of the target river reach, and a correction coefficient.
Specifically, a straight gradual flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a channel that is straight without meanders and contains unsubmerged rigid vegetation and rocks. This type of waterway does not contain rigid submerged vegetation.
For a straight gradual change river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, the water flow resistance is formed by the resistance caused by stones in addition to the resistance caused by the side wall of the river channel and the resistance caused by rigid vegetation, so that the water flow resistance caused by the stones can be obtained according to the principle of mechanical balance; the stone roughness component is obtained in response to the flow resistance caused by the stone.
As no acknowledged coefficient table or empirical formula for obtaining the stone roughness component exists at present, the condition of a target river section can be simulated through a glass water tank experiment, and the stone roughness component can be calibrated.
For this type of target river segment, the auxiliary coefficients comprise correction coefficients.
For a straight gradual change flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, the water-blocking obstacles contained in the straight gradual change flow river channel are complex, so that the total resistance caused by each roughness element can be mapped into a total resistance reference area; from the total resistance reference area, a correction factor can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach and the correction coefficient are obtained for the straight gradual change river channel containing the complex water-blocking barrier, and the roughness of the target river reach can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the correction coefficient, so that the steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness has higher precision.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach include: and if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river channel side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component, a meandering roughness component and a correction coefficient of the target river reach.
In particular, a serpentine gradual flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a channel where there is a serpentine and which contains unsubmerged rigid vegetation and rocks. This type of waterway does not contain rigid submerged vegetation.
For the meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, the water flow resistance is formed by the resistance caused by the meandering of the river channel in addition to the resistance caused by the side wall of the river channel, the resistance caused by rigid vegetation and the resistance caused by stones, so that the meandering roughness component can be obtained according to the meandering degree of the target river reach.
The degree of meandering can be reflected by the number of meanders and the curvature of each meander. Therefore, the meandering rate component can be obtained in accordance with the number of meanders of the target river section and the curvature of each meander.
Since there is no known coefficient table or empirical formula for obtaining the meandering rate component, the meandering rate component can be determined by simulating the situation of the target river section through a glass flume experiment.
For this type of target river segment, the auxiliary coefficients comprise correction coefficients.
For the meandering gradual flow riverway containing the complex water-blocking barriers, the water-blocking barriers contained in the meandering gradual flow riverway are complex, so that the total resistance caused by each roughness element can be mapped into a total resistance reference area; from the total resistance reference area, a correction factor can be obtained.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component, the riverway edge wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river section and the correction coefficient are obtained for the meandering gradual change river channel containing the complex water-blocking barrier, and the roughness of the target river section can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the riverway edge wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, the meandering roughness component and the correction coefficient.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a weighted square sum of the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach and the roughness component of the side wall of the river according to the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach, the roughness component of the side wall of the river, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient; and squaring the weighted square sum to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
thus is provided with
Wherein n represents a roughness; n isvRepresenting a vegetation roughness component; n isbThe components are channel edge roughness coefficient components, α and β respectively represent a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient.
Accordingly, the Manning formula is modified to
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component and the river channel side wall roughness component of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained for the straight gradual change river channel which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or the gradual change river channel which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, the roughness of the target river reach can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, the steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness has higher precision.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change flow river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of vegetation roughness component, river course side wall roughness component and stone roughness component of the target river reach; and (4) squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
thus is provided with
Wherein n represents a roughness; n isvRepresenting a vegetation roughness component; n isbIs the coefficient component of the roughness of the edge wall of the river; n issRepresenting the stone roughness component, ξ representing the correction factor.
Accordingly, the Manning formula is modified to
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach and the correction coefficient are obtained for the straight gradual change river channel containing the complex water-blocking barrier, and the roughness of the target river reach can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the river channel side wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the correction coefficient, so that the steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness has higher precision.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient includes: if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of a vegetation roughness component, a river channel side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component and a meandering roughness component of the target river reach; and (4) squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
In particular, the amount of the solvent to be used,
thus is provided with
Wherein n represents a roughness; n isvRepresenting a vegetation roughness component; n isbIs the coefficient component of the roughness of the edge wall of the river; n issRepresenting a stone roughness component; n ismRepresenting the meandering rate component, ξ representing the correction factor.
Accordingly, the Manning formula is modified to
According to the embodiment of the invention, the vegetation roughness component, the riverway edge wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river section and the correction coefficient are obtained for the meandering gradual change river channel containing the complex water-blocking barrier, and the roughness of the target river section can be obtained based on the vegetation roughness component, the riverway edge wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, the meandering roughness component and the correction coefficient.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient includes: and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual flow river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area and the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area which is not covered by the vegetation of the target river reach.
Specifically, for a straight gradual flow river channel which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation, the vegetation covers the bottom area, which refers to the total area of the part covered by the rigid non-submerged vegetation on the riverbed of the target river reach; the base surface is not covered by vegetation and refers to the total area of the portion of the riverbed of the target river section that is not covered by rigid non-submerged vegetation.
It will be appreciated that for a straight and gradual flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation, the sum of the proportion of vegetation-covered basal area to the proportion of vegetation-uncovered basal area of the target section is 1.
And acquiring a first weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach, and acquiring a second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach and the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation.
Specifically, for a straight gradual flow river channel which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation, the calculation formulas of the first weight coefficient α and the second weight coefficient β are respectively
α＝1/rb
Wherein r isbRepresents the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation; r isvRepresenting the proportion of the base area covered by the vegetation;
the ratio of the river width to the wet period represents the section shape of the river.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained according to the proportion of the bottom area covered by the vegetation, so that the relative degree of resistance caused by the side wall of the river and the rigid vegetation can be more accurately reflected, and the roughness with higher precision can be obtained.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient includes: and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion and the relative submergence of the vegetation coverage basal area of the target river reach.
Specifically, for a straight gradual flow river channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation, the vegetation covers the bottom area, which refers to the total area of the part covered by the rigid submerged vegetation on the river bed of the target river reach.
Relative degree of flooding SrIs calculated by the formula Sr＝h/Hv
Wherein h represents the water depth of the target river reach; hvRepresents the average above-ground height of the plants.
And acquiring a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient according to the proportion and the relative inundation degree of the vegetation coverage base area of the target river reach.
Specifically, for a straight gradual flow river channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation, the calculation formulas of the first weight coefficient α 'and the second weight coefficient β' are respectively
α'＝1/(1-rv/Sr)
Wherein r isvRepresenting the proportion of the base area covered by the vegetation; srRepresenting relative flooding;
the ratio of the river width to the wet period represents the section shape of the river.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained according to the proportion and the relative submergence degree of the bottom area covered by the vegetation, so that the relative degree of resistance caused by the side wall of the river and the rigid vegetation can be more accurately reflected, and the roughness with higher precision can be obtained.
Based on the content of the above embodiment, the specific step of obtaining the correction coefficient includes: and acquiring the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach.
In particular, the mean hydraulic radius R and the volume of fluid V within the river sectionolCan be obtained by a usual method.
For a straight gradual change flow river channel containing complex water-blocking barriers, roughness elements comprise vegetation, river channel side walls and stones, and the calculation formula of the total resistance reference area A of the roughness elements is as follows
A＝Av+Ab+As
Wherein A isvRepresenting a resistance reference area of vegetation; a. thebRepresenting the resistance reference area of the side wall of the river channel; a. thesRepresenting the reference area of resistance of the stone.
For a meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking barriers, roughness elements comprise vegetation, river channel side walls, stones and meandering degree, and the total resistance reference area A of the roughness elements is calculated by the formula
A＝Av+Ab+As+Am
Wherein A isvRepresenting a resistance reference area of vegetation; a. thebRepresenting the resistance reference area of the side wall of the river channel; a. thesRepresenting the reference area of resistance of the stone; a. themA resistance reference area representing a degree of meandering.
Resistance reference area A of vegetationvIs calculated by the formula
Av＝λdhBl
Wherein λ represents a vegetation density; d represents the average vegetation stem thickness; l represents the length of the target river section; and B represents.
Resistance reference area A of riverway side wallbIs calculated by the formula
Wherein B represents; l represents the length of the target river section; h represents the water depth of the target river section(ii) a d represents the average vegetation stem thickness; λ' represents the stone number density; s'rRepresenting the average submergence of the stone; d' represents the average particle size of the stone.
Average degree of stone flooding s'rIs s'r＝hs/d'。
Wherein h issRepresenting the average relative depth of submersion of the rock.
Reference area of resistance A of the stonesIs calculated by the formula
Wherein B represents; l represents the length of the target river section; λ' represents the stone number density; d' represents the average particle size of the stone.
Reference area of resistance of meanderingmIs calculated by the formula
Wherein l represents the length of the target river section; h represents the water depth of the target river reach; k represents the average curvature of each meandering of the target river.
And obtaining a correction coefficient according to the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach.
Specifically, for both the straight gradual change flow river channel containing the complex water-blocking obstacle and the winding gradual change flow river channel containing the complex water-blocking obstacle, the calculation formula of the correction factor ξ is the same
ξ＝AR/Vol
Wherein A represents the total resistance reference area of roughness elements, VolRepresenting the volume of fluid within the river segment; r represents the average hydraulic radius.
According to the embodiment of the invention, the correction coefficient is obtained according to the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element, so that more accurate correction coefficient can be obtained, and roughness with higher precision can be obtained based on the correction coefficient and each component of the roughness of the target river reach.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for acquiring river roughness in a gradual change flow state according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the content of the above embodiments, as shown in fig. 2, the apparatus includes a type determining module 201, a component obtaining module 202, and a roughness obtaining module 203, wherein:
a type determining module 201, configured to determine a type of the target river reach according to a winding condition of the target river reach and a condition that the river bed includes a water blocking obstacle;
a component obtaining module 202, configured to obtain, according to the type of the target river reach, each component of the roughness of the target river reach and an auxiliary coefficient;
and the roughness acquiring module 203 is used for acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
Specifically, the type determination module 201 obtains the meandering situation of the target river section and the situation where the river bed includes the water blocking obstacle, and the type of the target river section may be determined according to the meandering situation of the target river section and the situation where the river bed includes the water blocking obstacle.
The component obtaining module 202 can obtain the roughness component of the edge wall of the river channel according to the resistance of the edge wall to the water flow; according to the resistance of the rigid plants to water flow, the vegetation roughness component can be obtained; according to the resistance of the stone to the water flow, the roughness component of the stone can be obtained; the meandering rate component is obtained from the resistance to the water flow caused by the meandering of the river section.
The component obtaining module 202 may obtain the influence degrees of the different roughness elements on the water flow resistance based on a mechanical balance principle, and obtain the auxiliary coefficient according to the influence degree of each roughness element on the water flow resistance.
The roughness acquiring module 203 may apply the influence degree of the roughness element on the water flow resistance to each component of the corresponding roughness to acquire the roughness of the target river reach based on each component of the roughness of the target river reach and each auxiliary coefficient.
The specific method and process for implementing the corresponding functions of each module included in the device for acquiring river roughness in a gradual change flow state provided in the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail in the embodiments of the method for acquiring river roughness in a gradual change flow state, and will not be described herein again.
The acquiring device of river course roughness under the gradual change flow state is used for the acquiring method of river course roughness under the gradual change flow state in the embodiments. Therefore, the description and definition of the method for acquiring the river roughness under the gradient flow state in the foregoing embodiments can be used for understanding the execution modules in the embodiments of the present invention.
The embodiment of the invention determines the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains the water-blocking barriers, acquires the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach, the water flow resistance composition of the river course of the type and the mechanical balance principle, and can improve the accuracy of the acquired river course roughness in the gradient flow state. Furthermore, as the heavy hydraulic pilot calculation work in hydraulic calculation is reduced, the step of acquiring the river course roughness in the gradual flow state is simpler, the efficiency is higher, and the time consumption is shorter.
Fig. 3 is a schematic physical structure diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the content of the above embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the electronic device may include: a processor (processor)301, a memory (memory)302, and a bus 303; wherein, the processor 301 and the memory 302 complete the communication with each other through the bus 303; the processor 301 is configured to call computer program instructions stored in the memory 302 and executable on the processor 301 to execute the method for acquiring river roughness in a gradual flow state provided by the above embodiments of the method, for example, including: determining the type of the target river reach according to the winding condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water-blocking obstacles; acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, where the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the method for acquiring river roughness in a gradual flow state provided by the above-mentioned method embodiments, for example, the method includes: determining the type of the target river reach according to the winding condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water-blocking obstacles; acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
Furthermore, the logic instructions in the memory 302 may be implemented in software functional units and stored in a computer readable storage medium when sold or used as a stand-alone product. Based on such understanding, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention may be essentially implemented or make a contribution to the prior art, or may be implemented in the form of a software product stored in a storage medium and including instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the embodiments of the present invention. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, where the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions enable a computer to execute the method for acquiring river roughness in a gradual flow state provided in the foregoing method embodiments, for example, the method includes: determining the type of the target river reach according to the winding condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water-blocking obstacles; acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and the units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the present embodiment. One of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without inventive effort.
Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art will clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. It is understood that the above-described technical solutions may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the method of the above-described embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for acquiring river course roughness in a gradual flow state is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the type of a target river section according to the winding condition of the target river section and the condition that a river bed contains a water blocking obstacle;
acquiring each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach;
and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
2. The method for acquiring river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of acquiring each component of the target river reach roughness and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach comprises:
and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river side wall roughness component, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient of the target river reach.
3. The method for acquiring river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of acquiring each component of the target river reach roughness and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach comprises:
and if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change flow river reach containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river reach boundary roughness component, a stone roughness component and a correction coefficient of the target river reach.
4. The method for acquiring river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of acquiring each component of the target river reach roughness and the auxiliary coefficient according to the type of the target river reach comprises:
and if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual flow river channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring a vegetation roughness component, a river channel side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component, a meandering roughness component and a correction coefficient of the target river reach.
5. The method for acquiring river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 2, wherein the step of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the components and the auxiliary coefficients of the roughness of the target river reach comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring a weighted square sum of the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach and the roughness component of the side wall of the river according to the vegetation roughness component of the target river reach, the roughness component of the side wall of the river, a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient;
and performing evolution on the weighted sum of squares to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
6. The method for acquiring river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 3, wherein the specific step of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change flow river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of vegetation roughness component, river course side wall roughness component and stone roughness component of the target river reach;
and squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
7. The method for acquiring river roughness under gradual flow state as claimed in claim 4, wherein the specific step of acquiring roughness of the target river reach according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the target river reach roughness comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradual change river course containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the square sum of a vegetation roughness component, a river course side wall roughness component, a stone roughness component and a meandering roughness component of the target river reach;
and squaring the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
8. The method for obtaining river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid non-submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area and the proportion of the vegetation coverage base area which is not covered by the vegetation of the target river reach;
and acquiring the first weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach, and acquiring the second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area, which is covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach and the proportion of the basal area, which is not covered by the vegetation, of the target river reach.
9. The method for obtaining river roughness in a graded flow regime according to claim 2, wherein the step of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient comprises:
if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradual change river course which only contains rigid submerged vegetation, acquiring the proportion and the relative submergence of the vegetation coverage base area of the target river reach;
and acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient according to the proportion and the relative inundation degree of the vegetation coverage base area of the target river reach.
10. The method for acquiring river roughness under gradual flow regime according to claim 3 or 6, wherein the step of acquiring the correction factor comprises:
acquiring the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach;
and acquiring the correction coefficient according to the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach of the roughness element of the target river reach.
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| CN115222115B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-06-16 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Comprehensive roughness calculation method and system for plant-containing river channel |
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