CN110851765A - Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明实施例提供一种渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，包括：根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型；根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型，根据目标河段的类型、该类型河道的水流阻力构成和力学平衡原理，获取目标河段的糙率，能提高获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率的精度。进一步地，由于减少了水力计算中繁重的水力试算工作，获取渐变流流态下河道糙率的步骤更简单、效率更高、耗时更短。
An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining the roughness of a river channel under a gradual flow state, including: determining the type of the target river segment according to the meandering condition of the target river segment and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles; According to the roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach, the roughness of the target river reach is obtained. According to the method for obtaining the roughness of the river channel under the gradient flow state provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the target river segment is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river segment and the situation that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles. The flow resistance composition and mechanical balance principle of this type of river channel can obtain the roughness of the target river section, which can improve the accuracy of the obtained channel roughness under the gradient flow regime. Further, since the heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in the hydraulic calculation is reduced, the steps to obtain the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime are simpler, more efficient, and less time-consuming.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及水利技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法。The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy, and more particularly, to a method for obtaining the roughness of a channel under a gradient flow regime.
背景技术Background technique
著名的曼宁公式在水利工程领域的应用非常广泛。曼宁公式为V＝(1/n)R2/3S1/2，其中，V为断面平均流速，R为水力半径，S为渠底坡度，n为糙率。The famous Manning formula is widely used in hydraulic engineering. Manning's formula is V=(1/n)R 2/3 S 1/2 , where V is the average flow velocity of the section, R is the hydraulic radius, S is the slope of the canal bottom, and n is the roughness.
糙率，又称曼宁系数、糙度系数，是河道断面的粗糙程度和边壁形状不规则的综合表征，也是反映对水流阻力影响的综合参数。Roughness, also known as Manning coefficient and roughness coefficient, is a comprehensive characterization of the roughness of the channel section and the irregular shape of the side wall, and is also a comprehensive parameter that reflects the impact on water flow resistance.
曼宁公式的基础是明渠水流表现为恒定均匀流状态，在水力计算中常将自然明渠流中较为接近均匀流状态的水流近似为均匀流，比如大江大河等宽浅缓坡河流、河底及岸坡比较简单的河流等。但天然河流蜿蜒曲折、断面形态多变、河底不均匀等均会造成沿程水深、流速的持续变化，道水流很难保持均匀流流流态。因而在流量较为稳定的情况下，渐变流才是天然河道水流的常见形态，不能直接用水面坡度代入曼宁公式进行水力计算，而需要进一步考虑沿程和局部水头损失所造成的影响。The basis of the Manning formula is that the water flow in the open channel is a constant and uniform flow state. In the hydraulic calculation, the water flow that is closer to the uniform flow state in the natural open channel flow is often approximated as a uniform flow, such as large rivers and other wide and shallow rivers with gentle slopes, river bottoms and bank slopes. Simpler rivers, etc. However, the meandering of natural rivers, the changeable cross-sectional shape, and the uneven river bottom will cause continuous changes in water depth and flow velocity along the way, and it is difficult for the water flow to maintain a uniform flow state. Therefore, when the flow rate is relatively stable, the gradient flow is the common form of natural river flow, and the water surface slope cannot be directly substituted into the Manning formula for hydraulic calculation, but the influence caused by the loss of water along the course and local water head needs to be further considered.
现有的曼宁公式或曼宁系数的修正公式或改进公式，由于经验性太强而适用范围较窄、无法广泛应用，或者是公式所涉及的参数获取难度较大。各类水力学书籍及水力手册中刊有根据长期工程实践经验和实验资料制成的n值表，可供确定糙率时参考。但由于曼宁公式是基于明渠恒定均匀流的，其出发点为流体微元的重力分量FG与河道阻力FB之间的力学平衡。复杂河道中，阻水障碍物提供了额外的水流阻力FV，与此同时，水流状态也将随之改变。增加渐变流条件，则流体微元在运动中将产生加速力项FA，从而使其力学平衡条件改变为FG＝FB+FV+FA，而直接采用传统曼宁公式进行计算则忽略了其中的阻水障碍物阻力项和加速力项，查表所获得的曼宁系数值也必然有所偏差。即使通过大量的实验获取不同河床条件+阻水障碍物复合条件下的曼宁系数经验值，形成更为完善的曼宁系数表，也无法解决加速力项被忽略的问题，造成当前水力计算需要进行大量的水力试算工作来选择合适的曼宁系数值。目前，是按照河床情况查表获取一个糙率的基准值，再经过大量的进行水利试算与测量水位相匹配进行率定，最终确定目标河段的糙率。The existing Manning formula or the revised formula or improved formula of the Manning coefficient are too limited in scope of application due to too strong experience, and cannot be widely used, or the parameters involved in the formula are difficult to obtain. Various hydraulic books and hydraulic manuals publish n value tables based on long-term engineering practice experience and experimental data, which can be used for reference when determining roughness. However, since the Manning formula is based on the constant uniform flow of the open channel, its starting point is the mechanical balance between the gravity component F G of the fluid micro-element and the channel resistance F B. In complex river channels, water blocking obstacles provide additional water flow resistance F V , and at the same time, the water flow state will also change accordingly. If the gradient flow condition is added, the fluid micro-element will generate the acceleration force term F A during the motion, so that its mechanical equilibrium condition is changed to F G = F B + F V + F A , and the traditional Manning formula is directly used for calculation. Neglecting the resistance term of the water blocking obstacle and the acceleration force term, the Manning coefficient value obtained by looking up the table is bound to be deviated. Even if the empirical values of the Manning coefficient under the composite conditions of different river bed conditions + water blocking obstacles are obtained through a large number of experiments, and a more complete Manning coefficient table is formed, the problem that the acceleration force term is ignored cannot be solved, resulting in the need for current hydraulic calculation. Extensive hydraulic trial work was performed to select an appropriate value for the Manning coefficient. At present, a roughness reference value is obtained by looking up the table according to the riverbed conditions, and then through a large number of water conservancy trial calculations and matching the measured water level for calibration, and finally the roughness of the target river section is determined.
因此，现有技术获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率精度不足，适用性也不强，由于水力试算工作非常繁重，导致糙率的获取步骤也比较复杂、耗时较长，导致基于曼宁公式的各种水利计算结果的误差较大。Therefore, the channel roughness obtained by the prior art has insufficient accuracy and poor applicability under the gradient flow regime. Because the hydraulic trial calculation is very heavy, the roughness acquisition steps are also complicated and time-consuming. The errors of various water conservancy calculation results of the Ning formula are relatively large.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
本发明实施例提供一种渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，用以解决或者至少部分地解决现有技术存在的获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率精度不足的缺陷。Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for acquiring channel roughness in a gradient flow regime, so as to solve or at least partially solve the defect of insufficient accuracy of the channel roughness obtained in the gradient flow regime in the prior art.
本发明实施例提供一种渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，包括：An embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining the roughness of a channel under a gradient flow regime, including:
根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定所述目标河段的类型；Determine the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles;
根据所述目标河段的类型，获取所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；According to the type of the target reach, obtain each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target reach;
根据所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取所述目标河段的糙率。According to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target reach, the roughness of the target reach is obtained.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段的类型，获取所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include:
若所述目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数。If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradient-flow channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation, obtain the vegetation roughness component and the channel wall roughness of the target river reach components, and a first weight factor and a second weight factor.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段的类型，获取所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include:
若所述目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量，以及修正系数。If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient channel with complex water blocking obstacles, obtain the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach, and correct coefficient.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段的类型，获取所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps of obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include:
若所述目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量，以及修正系数。If the type of the target river reach is a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, obtain the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river reach Roughness component, and correction factor.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取所述目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific steps of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach include:
若所述目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，则根据所述目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数，获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量的加权平方和；If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradient-flow channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation, then according to the vegetation roughness component of the target reach and the channel wall roughness component, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, to obtain the weighted sum of squares of the vegetation roughness component and the channel side wall roughness component of the target river reach;
对所述加权平方和进行开方，获取所述目标河段的糙率。Root the weighted sum of squares to obtain the roughness of the target reach.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取所述目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific steps of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach include:
若所述目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量的平方和；If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient channel with complex water blocking obstacles, obtain the sum of squares of the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach ;
对所述平方和与所述修正系数的乘积进行开方，获取所述目标河段的糙率。The square root of the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient is performed to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
优选地，所述根据所述目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取所述目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific steps of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach include:
若所述目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量的平方和；If the type of the target river reach is a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, obtain the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river reach sum of squares of roughness components;
对所述平方和与所述修正系数的乘积进行开方，获取所述目标河段的糙率。The square root of the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient is performed to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
优选地，获取所述第一权重系数和第二权重系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific steps of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient include:
若所述目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和未被植被覆盖底面积的比例；If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradual flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation, obtain the ratio of the bottom area covered by vegetation and the ratio of the bottom area not covered by vegetation in the target river reach;
根据获取所述目标河段的未被植被覆盖底面积的比例，获取所述第一权重系数，并根据所述目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和未被植被覆盖底面积的比例，获取所述第二权重系数。Obtain the first weighting coefficient according to the ratio of the unvegetated bottom area of the target river reach, and obtain the the second weight coefficient.
优选地，获取所述第一权重系数和第二权重系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific steps of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient include:
若所述目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，则获取所述目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和相对淹没度；If the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradual flow channel containing rigid submerged vegetation, obtain the ratio of the vegetation-covered bottom area and the relative inundation degree of the target river reach;
根据所述目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和相对淹没度，获取所述第一权重系数和第二权重系数。The first weighting coefficient and the second weighting coefficient are obtained according to the ratio of the vegetation-covered bottom area and the relative inundation degree of the target river reach.
优选地，获取所述修正系数的具体步骤包括：Preferably, the specific step of obtaining the correction coefficient includes:
获取所述目标河段的糙率元素的总阻力参考面积、平均水力半径和河段内的流体体积；Obtain the total resistance reference area, average hydraulic radius and fluid volume in the reach of the roughness element of the target reach;
根据所述目标河段的糙率元素的总阻力参考面积、平均水力半径和河段内的流体体积，获取所述修正系数。The correction coefficient is obtained according to the total resistance reference area, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the reach of the roughness element of the target reach.
本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型，根据目标河段的类型、该类型河道的水流阻力构成和力学平衡原理，获取目标河段的糙率，能提高获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率的精度。进一步地，由于减少了水力计算中繁重的水力试算工作，获取渐变流流态下河道糙率的步骤更简单、效率更高、耗时更短。According to the method for obtaining the roughness of the river channel under the gradient flow state provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the target river segment is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river segment and the situation that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles. The flow resistance composition and mechanical balance principle of this type of river channel can obtain the roughness of the target river section, which can improve the accuracy of the obtained channel roughness under the gradient flow regime. Further, since the heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in the hydraulic calculation is reduced, the steps to obtain the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime are simpler, more efficient, and less time-consuming.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
图1为根据本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法的流程示意图；1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining a channel roughness under a gradient flow regime provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为根据本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取装置的结构示意图；2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for obtaining channel roughness under a gradual flow regime provided according to an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为根据本发明实施例提供的电子设备的实体结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a physical structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
为了克服现有技术的上述问题，本发明实施例提供一种渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，其发明构思是，根据目标河段的阻水情况，将目标河段分为不同的类型，基于每种类型河段的力学平衡和影响糙率的元素，获取糙率的各分量和辅助系数，根据糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率，能实现糙率的高精度计算，减少水力计算中繁重的水力试算工作。In order to overcome the above problems of the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for obtaining the roughness of a river channel under a gradual flow regime. The inventive concept is to divide the target river segment into different Type, based on the mechanical balance of each type of river reach and the elements affecting roughness, obtain each component and auxiliary coefficient of roughness, and obtain the roughness of the target river section according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of roughness, which can achieve roughness. The high-precision calculation can reduce the heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in the hydraulic calculation.
图1为根据本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法的流程示意图。如图1所示，该方法包括：步骤S101、根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型。FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of a method for obtaining a channel roughness in a gradient flow regime according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1 , the method includes: step S101 , determining the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles.
需要说明的是，本发明实施例提供的河道糙率的获取方法，适用于渐变流流态下的河道。因此，本发明实施例中，目标河段可以为渐变流流态下的河段。It should be noted that the method for obtaining the channel roughness provided by the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to the channel under the gradient flow regime. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the target river reach may be a river reach in a gradient flow regime.
可以理解的是，不论什么类型河道，该河道均存在边壁，边壁会对水流产生阻力；河段河床上的刚体植物和石块，也会对水流产生阻力。河段的蜿蜒情况不同会对水流产生不同的阻力。不包括蜿蜒的顺直河道，通常不存在由于蜿蜒对水流产生的阻力；而蜿蜒曲折的河道，则存在由于蜿蜒曲折产生的对水流产生的阻力。It is understandable that no matter what type of river channel, there are side walls in the channel, and the side walls will cause resistance to the water flow; rigid plants and stones on the riverbed of the river reach will also cause resistance to the water flow. Different meandering conditions of the river section will produce different resistance to the water flow. Excluding meandering straight rivers, there is usually no resistance to water flow due to meandering; while meandering rivers have resistance to water flow caused by meandering.
刚体植物和石块均为阻水障碍物。Rigid plants and rocks are both water-blocking obstacles.
不同对河段，其蜿蜒情况和包含阻水障碍物的情况不相同，导致对水流阻力的影响不同，水流阻力的构成不同，糙度的构成不同，因此，根据河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，可以将河段的分为不同的类型，根据不同的类型，分别获取糙度。Different pairs of river sections have different meandering conditions and conditions containing water blocking obstacles, resulting in different effects on water flow resistance, different composition of water flow resistance, and different composition of roughness. Therefore, according to the meandering conditions and When the river bed contains water blocking obstacles, the river section can be divided into different types, and the roughness can be obtained according to different types.
具体地，获取目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，可以确定目标河段的类型。Specifically, the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles are obtained, and the type of the target river reach can be determined according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles.
步骤S102、根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数。Step S102 , according to the type of the target reach, obtain each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target reach.
可以理解的是，目标河段的类型不同，水流阻力的构成不同，糙度的构成不同，因此，可以根据水流阻力的构成，基于力学平衡原理，获取糙率的各分量。It can be understood that the types of the target river reach are different, the composition of water flow resistance is different, and the composition of roughness is different. Therefore, each component of roughness can be obtained according to the composition of water flow resistance and based on the principle of mechanical balance.
根据边壁对水流产生的阻力，可以获取河道边壁糙率分量；根据刚体植物对水流产生的阻力，可以获取植被糙率分量；根据石块对水流产生的阻力，可以获取石块糙率分量；根据河段的蜿蜒曲折产生的对水流产生的阻力，可以获取蜿蜒度糙率分量。According to the resistance of the side wall to the water flow, the roughness component of the river channel can be obtained; according to the resistance of the rigid plants to the water flow, the vegetation roughness component can be obtained; according to the resistance of the stones to the water flow, the stone roughness component can be obtained ; According to the resistance to the water flow caused by the meandering of the river reach, the meandering roughness component can be obtained.
由于植被、河道边壁、石块和蜿蜒度均对水流阻力产生影响，可以将植被、河道边壁、石块和蜿蜒度作为糙度元素。Vegetation, channel walls, rocks and meandering can be used as roughness elements because vegetation, channel walls, stones and meandering all have an effect on the water flow resistance.
由于不同糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度不同，可以基于力学平衡原理，获取不同糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度，根据每一糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度，获取辅助系数。Since different roughness elements have different influences on water flow resistance, the influence degree of different roughness elements on water flow resistance can be obtained based on the principle of mechanical balance, and the auxiliary coefficient can be obtained according to the influence degree of each roughness element on water flow resistance.
步骤S103、根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。Step S103 , obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient.
具体地，基于目标河段糙率的各分量，以及各辅助系数，可以将糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度作用到相应的糙率的各分量，获取目标河段的糙率。Specifically, based on each component of the roughness of the target reach and each auxiliary coefficient, the degree of influence of the roughness element on the flow resistance can be applied to each component of the corresponding roughness to obtain the roughness of the target reach.
本发明实施例根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型，根据目标河段的类型、该类型河道的水流阻力构成和力学平衡原理，获取目标河段的糙率，能提高获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率的精度。进一步地，由于减少了水力计算中繁重的水力试算工作，获取渐变流流态下河道糙率的步骤更简单、效率更高、耗时更短。In the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the target river reach is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water blocking obstacles, and the target river reach is obtained according to the type of the target reach, the composition of the water flow resistance of this type of river, and the principle of mechanical balance. The roughness of the river reaches can improve the accuracy of the roughness of the river under the obtained gradient flow regime. Further, since the heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in the hydraulic calculation is reduced, the steps to obtain the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime are simpler, more efficient, and less time-consuming.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数。Based on the content of the above embodiment, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps for obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation Or just a gradient flow channel with rigid submerged vegetation, the vegetation roughness component and the channel wall roughness component of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained.
具体地，单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，指顺直不存在蜿蜒，且仅包含未被淹没的刚性植被的河道。该类型河道的不包含刚性非淹没植被，也不包含石块。Specifically, a straight-to-straight-gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation refers to a straight-straight channel without meandering and only contains non-submerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel does not contain rigid non-submerged vegetation, nor does it contain rocks.
单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，指顺直不存在蜿蜒，且仅包含被淹没的刚性植被的河道。该类型河道的不包含刚性淹没植被，也不包含石块。A gradient-flow channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation refers to a channel that has no meanders and only contains submerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel does not contain rigid submerged vegetation, nor does it contain rocks.
对于上述两种类型的目标河段，水流阻力主要由河道边壁导致的阻力和刚性植被导致的阻力构成。For the above two types of target river reaches, the water flow resistance is mainly composed of the resistance caused by the channel wall and the resistance caused by the rigid vegetation.
根据边壁对水流产生的阻力，可以获取河道边壁糙率分量。对于明渠恒定均匀流，仅存在边壁会对水流的阻力，因此，河道边壁糙率分量，可以将通过通常的查表方法，查询常见的河槽的糙率系数表获取的糙率，作为河道边壁糙率分量。常见的河槽的糙率系数表包括美国的霍尔顿(Holton)编制的天然河道糙率表。According to the resistance of the side wall to the water flow, the roughness component of the channel side wall can be obtained. For the constant and uniform flow of the open channel, there is only the resistance of the side wall to the water flow. Therefore, the roughness component of the channel side wall can be obtained by querying the roughness coefficient table of the common channel by the usual table lookup method as the channel. Side wall roughness component. The roughness coefficient table of common river channels includes the natural channel roughness table compiled by Holton in the United States.
可以根据力学平衡原理，获取刚性植被导致的水流阻力；根据刚性植被导致的水流阻力，可以利用预先构造的模型获取植被糙率分量。According to the principle of mechanical balance, the water flow resistance caused by rigid vegetation can be obtained; according to the water flow resistance caused by rigid vegetation, the vegetation roughness component can be obtained by using a pre-constructed model.
预先构造的模型，可以基于已有的经验公式构建，也可以通过实验率定。The pre-constructed models can be constructed based on existing empirical formulas, or can be calibrated through experiments.
对于上述两种类型的目标河段，辅助系数包括第一权重系数和第二权重系数。For the above two types of target reaches, the auxiliary coefficient includes a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient.
由于植被和河道边壁对水流阻力的贡献不同，因此，可以根据刚性植被在目标河段的河床上的覆盖情况，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数。Since vegetation and river channel side walls have different contributions to water flow resistance, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient can be obtained according to the coverage of rigid vegetation on the river bed of the target river reach.
本发明实施例通过对于单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、第一权重系数和第二权重系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component and the channel side wall roughness component of the target river segment, as well as the first weight, for a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradient-flow channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation The coefficient and the second weight coefficient can be used to obtain the roughness of the target river section based on the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient. The steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness higher accuracy.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量，以及修正系数。Based on the content of the above embodiment, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps for obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles , the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach, as well as the correction coefficient, are obtained.
具体地，含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，指顺直不存在蜿蜒，且包含未被淹没的刚性植被和石块的河道。该类型河道的不包含刚性淹没植被。Specifically, a straight-to-straight-gradient-flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a straight-straight channel without meandering and contains unsubmerged rigid vegetation and rocks. This type of channel does not contain rigid submerged vegetation.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，水流阻力的构成除了河道边壁导致的阻力和刚性植被导致的阻力之外，还包括石块造成的阻力，因此，可以根据力学平衡原理，获取石块导致的水流阻力；根据石块导致的水流阻力，可以获取石块糙率分量。For a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles, the composition of the water flow resistance includes the resistance caused by the stones in addition to the resistance caused by the channel wall and the rigid vegetation. Therefore, according to the principle of mechanical balance, Obtain the water flow resistance caused by the stone; according to the water flow resistance caused by the stone, you can obtain the stone roughness component.
由于目前尚未有公认的用于获取石块糙率分量的系数表或经验公式，可以通过玻璃水槽实验，模拟目标河段的情况，率定石块糙率分量。Since there is no recognized coefficient table or empirical formula for obtaining stone roughness components, the roughness component of stones can be determined by simulating the situation of the target river section through glass water tank experiments.
对于该类型的目标河段，辅助系数包括修正系数。For this type of target reach, the auxiliary coefficients include correction coefficients.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，其包含的阻水障碍物比较复杂，因此，可以将各糙率元素造成的总阻力映射为总阻力参考面积；根据总阻力参考面积，可以获取修正系数。For a straight-to-straight gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, the water blocking obstacles contained are relatively complex. Therefore, the total resistance caused by each roughness element can be mapped to the total resistance reference area; according to the total resistance reference area, you can Get the correction factor.
本发明实施例通过对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量，以及修正系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和修正系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river section for the straight-to-straight gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, and the correction coefficient, which can be based on the vegetation roughness component. The roughness component, the roughness component of the channel wall, the roughness component of the stone block and the correction coefficient are used to obtain the roughness of the target river section. The steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness is more accurate.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量，以及修正系数。Based on the content of the above-mentioned embodiment, according to the type of the target river reach, the specific steps for obtaining each component of the roughness of the target river reach and the auxiliary coefficient include: if the type of the target river reach is a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles , the vegetation roughness component, the channel side wall roughness component, the rock roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river reach, and the correction coefficient are obtained.
具体地，含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，指存在蜿蜒，且包含未被淹没的刚性植被和石块的河道。该类型河道的不包含刚性淹没植被。Specifically, a meandering gradient-flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a meandering channel that contains unsubmerged rigid vegetation and rocks. This type of channel does not contain rigid submerged vegetation.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，水流阻力的构成除了河道边壁导致的阻力、刚性植被导致的阻力和石块导致的阻力之外，还包括河道的蜿蜒曲折导致的阻力，因此，可以根据目标河段的蜿蜒程度，获取蜿蜒度糙率分量。For a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, the composition of the water flow resistance includes the resistance caused by the meandering of the channel in addition to the resistance caused by the channel wall, the resistance caused by rigid vegetation and the resistance caused by stones. , therefore, the meandering roughness component can be obtained according to the meandering degree of the target river reach.
蜿蜒程度，可以通过蜿蜒的数量和每一蜿蜒的曲率反映。因此，可以根据目标河段的蜿蜒的数量和每一蜿蜒的曲率，获取蜿蜒度糙率分量。The degree of meandering can be reflected by the number of meanders and the curvature of each meander. Therefore, the meander roughness component can be obtained according to the number of meanders in the target reach and the curvature of each meander.
由于目前尚未有公认的用于获取蜿蜒度糙率分量的系数表或经验公式，可以通过玻璃水槽实验，模拟目标河段的情况，率定蜿蜒度糙率分量。Since there is no recognized coefficient table or empirical formula for obtaining the meandering roughness component, the meandering roughness component can be calibrated by simulating the situation of the target river section through the glass water tank experiment.
对于该类型的目标河段，辅助系数包括修正系数。For this type of target reach, the auxiliary coefficients include correction coefficients.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，其包含的阻水障碍物比较复杂，因此，也可以将各糙率元素造成的总阻力映射为总阻力参考面积；根据总阻力参考面积，可以获取修正系数。For a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles, the water-blocking obstacles contained are relatively complex. Therefore, the total resistance caused by each roughness element can also be mapped to the total resistance reference area; according to the total resistance reference area, Correction factors can be obtained.
本发明实施例通过对于含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量，以及修正系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量、蜿蜒度糙率分量和修正系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, and the meandering roughness component of the target river segment for the meandering gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, and The correction coefficient can be used to obtain the roughness of the target river section based on the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, the meandering roughness component and the correction coefficient. The steps are simpler and more convenient. The accuracy of roughness is higher.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，则根据目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量的加权平方和；对加权平方和进行开方，获取目标河段的糙率。Based on the content of the above embodiment, according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach, the specific steps of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-straight gradient flow with rigid non-submerged vegetation only For a river channel or a gradient-flow channel that simply contains rigid submerged vegetation, the vegetation roughness component of the target river segment is obtained according to the vegetation roughness component and the channel wall roughness component of the target river segment, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient. and the weighted sum of squares of the roughness components of the channel side wall; take the square root of the weighted sum of squares to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
具体地，
其中，n表示糙率；nv表示植被糙率分量；nb为河道边壁糙率系数分量；α、β分别表示第一权重系数和第二权重系数。Among them, n represents the roughness; n v represents the vegetation roughness component; n b is the channel side wall roughness coefficient component; α and β represent the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, respectively.
相应地，曼宁公式被修正为
本发明实施例通过对于单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道或单纯含刚性淹没植被的渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量和河道边壁糙率分量，以及第一权重系数和第二权重系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、第一权重系数和第二权重系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component and the channel side wall roughness component of the target river segment, as well as the first weight, for a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation or a gradient-flow channel containing only rigid submerged vegetation The coefficient and the second weight coefficient can be used to obtain the roughness of the target river section based on the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient. The steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness higher accuracy.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量的平方和；对平方和与修正系数的乘积进行开方，获取目标河段的糙率。Based on the content of the above embodiment, according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach, the specific steps of obtaining the roughness of the target river reach include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient flow with complex water blocking obstacles If there is a river channel, obtain the square sum of the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river reach; take the square root of the product of the square sum and the correction coefficient to obtain the roughness of the target river reach.
具体地，
其中，n表示糙率；nv表示植被糙率分量；nb为河道边壁糙率系数分量；ns表示石块糙率分量；ξ表示修正系数。Among them, n is roughness; n v is vegetation roughness component; n b is channel side wall roughness coefficient component; n s is rock roughness component; ξ is correction coefficient.
相应地，曼宁公式被修正为 Accordingly, Manning's formula is modified as
本发明实施例通过对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量和石块糙率分量，以及修正系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和修正系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component and the stone roughness component of the target river section for the straight-to-straight gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, and the correction coefficient, which can be based on the vegetation roughness component. The roughness component, the roughness component of the channel wall, the roughness component of the stone block and the correction coefficient are used to obtain the roughness of the target river section. The steps are simpler and more convenient, and the obtained roughness is more accurate.
基于上述实施例的内容，根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量的平方和；对平方和与修正系数的乘积进行开方，获取目标河段的糙率。Based on the content of the above embodiment, according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach, the specific steps for obtaining the roughness of the target river reach include: if the type of the target river reach is a meandering gradient flow with complex water blocking obstacles For the river channel, obtain the square sum of the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component and the meandering roughness component of the target river reach; take the square root of the product of the square sum and the correction coefficient to obtain the target roughness of the river reach.
具体地，
其中，n表示糙率；nv表示植被糙率分量；nb为河道边壁糙率系数分量；ns表示石块糙率分量；nm表示蜿蜒度糙率分量；ξ表示修正系数。Among them, n is roughness; n v is vegetation roughness component; n b is channel side wall roughness coefficient component; n s is rock roughness component; n m is meandering roughness component; ξ is correction coefficient.
相应地，曼宁公式被修正为
本发明实施例通过对于含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，获取目标河段的植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量和蜿蜒度糙率分量，以及修正系数，能基于植被糙率分量、河道边壁糙率分量、石块糙率分量、蜿蜒度糙率分量和修正系数，获取目标河段的糙率，步骤更简单、更方便，获取的糙率的精度更高。The embodiment of the present invention obtains the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, and the meandering roughness component of the target river segment for the meandering gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, and The correction coefficient can be used to obtain the roughness of the target river section based on the vegetation roughness component, the channel wall roughness component, the stone roughness component, the meandering roughness component and the correction coefficient. The steps are simpler and more convenient. The accuracy of roughness is higher.
基于上述实施例的内容，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和未被植被覆盖底面积的比例。Based on the content of the above-mentioned embodiment, the specific steps of obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient channel with rigid non-submerged vegetation, obtaining the vegetation coverage of the target river reach The proportion of the bottom area and the proportion of the bottom area not covered by vegetation.
具体地，对于单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，植被覆盖底面积，指目标河段的河床上，被刚性非淹没植被所覆盖的部分的总面积；未被植被覆盖底面，指目标河段的河床上，未被刚性非淹没植被所覆盖的部分的总面积。Specifically, for a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation, the bottom area covered by vegetation refers to the total area of the riverbed of the target river reach that is covered by rigid non-submerged vegetation; the bottom surface not covered by vegetation refers to The total area of the riverbed of the target reach that is not covered by rigid non-submerged vegetation.
可以理解的是，对于单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例与未被植被覆盖底面积的比例之和为1。It can be understood that, for a straight-to-straight gradient flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation, the sum of the ratio of the vegetation-covered base area to the unvegetated base area of the target river reach is 1.
根据获取目标河段的未被植被覆盖底面积的比例，获取第一权重系数，并根据目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和未被植被覆盖底面积的比例，获取第二权重系数。The first weighting coefficient is obtained according to the ratio of the unvegetated bottom area of the target river reach, and the second weighting coefficient is obtained according to the ratio of the vegetation-covered base area and the unvegetated base area of the target river reach.
具体地，对于单纯含刚性非淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，第一权重系数α和第二权重系数β计算公式分别为Specifically, for a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel containing only rigid non-submerged vegetation, the calculation formulas of the first weight coefficient α and the second weight coefficient β are respectively:
α＝1/rb α=1/r b
其中，rb表示未被植被覆盖底面积的比例；rv表示植被覆盖底面积的比例；
本发明实施例根据植被覆盖底面积的比例，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数，能更准确地反映河道边壁和刚性植被导致的阻力的相对程度，从而能获取精度更高的糙率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained according to the ratio of the bottom area covered by vegetation, which can more accurately reflect the relative degree of the resistance caused by the river channel side wall and the rigid vegetation, so as to obtain the roughness with higher precision. .
基于上述实施例的内容，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数的具体步骤包括：若目标河段的类型为单纯含刚性淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，则获取目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和相对淹没度。Based on the content of the above-mentioned embodiment, the specific steps for obtaining the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient include: if the type of the target river reach is a straight-to-straight gradient channel with rigid submerged vegetation, obtaining the vegetation cover bottom of the target river reach. Area ratio and relative inundation.
具体地，对于单纯含刚性淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，植被覆盖底面积，指目标河段的河床上，被刚性淹没植被所覆盖的部分的总面积。Specifically, for a straight-straight gradient-flow channel that simply contains rigid submerged vegetation, the bottom area covered by vegetation refers to the total area of the riverbed in the target river reach that is covered by rigid submerged vegetation.
相对淹没度Sr的计算公式为Sr＝h/Hv The calculation formula of the relative submergence degree S r is S r =h/H v
其中，h表示目标河段的水深；Hv表示植株的平均地上高度。Among them, h represents the water depth of the target river reach; H v represents the average above-ground height of the plants.
根据目标河段的植被覆盖底面积的比例和相对淹没度，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数。The first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained according to the ratio of the vegetation coverage bottom area and the relative inundation degree of the target river reach.
具体地，对于单纯含刚性淹没植被的顺直渐变流河道，第一权重系数α'和第二权重系数β'计算公式分别为Specifically, for a straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel that simply contains rigid submerged vegetation, the calculation formulas of the first weight coefficient α' and the second weight coefficient β' are respectively:
α'＝1/(1-rv/Sr)α'=1/(1-r v /S r )
其中，rv表示植被覆盖底面积的比例；Sr表示相对淹没度；
本发明实施例根据植被覆盖底面积的比例和相对淹没度，获取第一权重系数和第二权重系数，能更准确地反映河道边壁和刚性植被导致的阻力的相对程度，从而能获取精度更高的糙率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are obtained according to the ratio of the bottom area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree, which can more accurately reflect the relative degree of resistance caused by the river channel side wall and rigid vegetation, so that the accuracy can be more accurate. high roughness.
基于上述实施例的内容，获取修正系数的具体步骤包括：获取目标河段的糙率元素的总阻力参考面积、平均水力半径和河段内的流体体积。Based on the contents of the above embodiments, the specific steps of obtaining the correction coefficient include: obtaining the total resistance reference area, average hydraulic radius and fluid volume in the reach of roughness elements of the target reach.
具体地，平均水力半径R和河段内的流体体积Vol可以采用通常的方法获取。Specifically, the average hydraulic radius R and the fluid volume Vol in the river reach can be obtained by common methods.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道，糙率元素包括植被、河道边壁和石块，糙率元素的总阻力参考面积A的计算公式为For a straight-to-straight gradient flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, the roughness elements include vegetation, channel walls and stones, and the calculation formula of the total resistance reference area A of roughness elements is:
A＝Av+Ab+As A=A v +A b +A s
其中，Av表示植被的阻力参考面积；Ab表示河道边壁的阻力参考面积；As表示石块的阻力参考面积。Among them, Av represents the resistance reference area of vegetation; Ab represents the resistance reference area of the river channel wall; As represents the resistance reference area of the rock.
对于含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，糙率元素包括植被、河道边壁、石块和蜿蜒度，糙率元素的总阻力参考面积A的计算公式为For a meandering and gradual flow channel with complex water blocking obstacles, the roughness elements include vegetation, channel walls, stones and meandering degree. The calculation formula of the total resistance reference area A of roughness elements is:
A＝Av+Ab+As+Am A=A v +A b +A s +A m
其中，Av表示植被的阻力参考面积；Ab表示河道边壁的阻力参考面积；As表示石块的阻力参考面积；Am表示蜿蜒度的阻力参考面积。Among them, Av represents the resistance reference area of vegetation; Ab represents the resistance reference area of the river channel wall; As represents the resistance reference area of the stone block; Am represents the meandering resistance reference area.
植被的阻力参考面积Av的计算公式为The formula for calculating the resistance reference area Av of vegetation is:
Av＝λdhBlA v =λdhBl
其中，λ表示植被密度；d表示平均植被茎粗；l表示目标河段的长度；B表示。Among them, λ represents the vegetation density; d represents the average vegetation stem thickness; l represents the length of the target river reach; B represents.
河道边壁的阻力参考面积Ab的计算公式为The formula for calculating the resistance reference area A b of the channel side wall is:
其中，B表示；l表示目标河段的长度；h表示目标河段的水深；d表示平均植被茎粗；λ'表示石块数量密度；s'r表示石块平均淹没度；d'表示石块平均粒径。Among them, B means; l means the length of the target river reach; h means the water depth of the target river reach; d means the average vegetation stem thickness; λ ' means the number density of stones; Average particle size of the blocks.
石块平均淹没度s'r的计算公式为s'r＝hs/d'。The calculation formula of the average submergence degree s' r of rocks is s' r =h s /d'.
其中，hs表示石块平均相对淹没深度。Among them, h s represents the average relative submerged depth of rocks.
石块的阻力参考面积As的计算公式为The formula for calculating the resistance reference area A s of the stone is:
其中，B表示；l表示目标河段的长度；λ'表示石块数量密度；d'表示石块平均粒径。Among them, B represents; l represents the length of the target river reach; λ' represents the number density of rocks; d' represents the average particle size of rocks.
蜿蜒度的阻力参考面积Am的计算公式为The calculation formula of the resistance reference area A m of the meandering degree is:
其中，l表示目标河段的长度；h表示目标河段的水深；K表示目标河道各蜿蜒的平均曲率。Among them, l is the length of the target river reach; h is the water depth of the target river reach; K is the mean curvature of each meandering of the target river.
根据目标河段的糙率元素的总阻力参考面积、平均水力半径和河段内的流体体积，获取修正系数。The correction factor is obtained according to the total resistance reference area, average hydraulic radius and fluid volume in the reach of the roughness element of the target reach.
具体地，对于含复杂阻水障碍物的顺直渐变流河道和含复杂阻水障碍物的蜿蜒渐变流河道，修正系数ξ的计算公式均为Specifically, for the straight-to-straight gradient-flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles and the meandering-gradient-flow channel with complex water-blocking obstacles, the calculation formula of the correction coefficient ξ is
ξ＝AR/Vol ξ=AR/ Vol
其中，A表示糙率元素的总阻力参考面积，Vol表示河段内的流体体积；R表示平均水力半径。Among them, A represents the total resistance reference area of roughness element, Vol represents the fluid volume in the reach; R represents the average hydraulic radius.
本发明实施例根据糙率元素的总阻力参考面积、平均水力半径和河段内的流体体积，获取修正系数，能获取更准确的修正系数，从而能基于修正系数和目标河段糙率的各分量，获取精度更高的糙率。In the embodiment of the present invention, the correction coefficient is obtained according to the total resistance reference area of roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the fluid volume in the river reach, so that a more accurate correction coefficient can be obtained, so that the correction coefficient and the roughness of the target river reach can be obtained based on the correction coefficient. component to obtain roughness with higher precision.
图2为根据本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取装置的结构示意图。基于上述各实施例的内容，如图2所示，该装置包括类型确定模块201、分量获取模块202和糙率获取模块203，其中：FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for acquiring channel roughness under a gradient flow regime provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the contents of the above embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2 , the device includes a type determination module 201, a component acquisition module 202 and a roughness acquisition module 203, wherein:
类型确定模块201，用于根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型；The type determination module 201 is used for determining the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles;
分量获取模块202，用于根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；A component acquisition module 202, configured to acquire each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target reach according to the type of the target reach;
糙率获取模块203，用于根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。The roughness obtaining module 203 is used for obtaining the roughness of the target river reach according to each component and auxiliary coefficient of the roughness of the target river reach.
具体地，类型确定模块201获取目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，可以确定目标河段的类型。Specifically, the type determination module 201 obtains the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles, and can determine the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles .
分量获取模块202，可以根据边壁对水流产生的阻力，可以获取河道边壁糙率分量；根据刚性植物对水流产生的阻力，可以获取植被糙率分量；根据石块对水流产生的阻力，可以获取石块糙率分量；根据河段的蜿蜒曲折产生的对水流产生的阻力，可以获取蜿蜒度糙率分量。The component obtaining module 202 can obtain the roughness component of the river channel according to the resistance produced by the sidewall to the water flow; according to the resistance produced by the rigid plants to the water flow, can obtain the vegetation roughness component; according to the resistance produced by the stones to the water flow, can Obtain the stone roughness component; according to the resistance to the water flow caused by the meandering of the river section, the meandering roughness component can be obtained.
分量获取模块202，可以基于力学平衡原理，获取不同糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度，根据每一糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度，获取辅助系数。The component obtaining module 202 can obtain the influence degree of different roughness elements on the water flow resistance based on the principle of mechanical balance, and obtain the auxiliary coefficient according to the influence degree of each roughness element on the water flow resistance.
糙率获取模块203，基于目标河段糙率的各分量，以及各辅助系数，可以将糙度元素对水流阻力的影响程度作用到相应的糙率的各分量，获取目标河段的糙率。The roughness obtaining module 203, based on each component of the roughness of the target reach and each auxiliary coefficient, can apply the influence of the roughness element on the water flow resistance to each component of the corresponding roughness to obtain the roughness of the target reach.
本发明实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取装置，用于执行本发明上述各实施例提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，该渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取装置包括的各模块实现相应功能的具体方法和流程详见上述渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法的实施例，此处不再赘述。The device for acquiring the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime provided by the embodiments of the present invention is used to execute the method for acquiring the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, where the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime is The specific method and process of each module included in the acquisition device for implementing the corresponding function can be found in the above-mentioned embodiment of the method for acquiring the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime, and details are not repeated here.
该渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取装置用于前述各实施例的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法。因此，在前述各实施例中的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法中的描述和定义，可以用于本发明实施例中各执行模块的理解。The device for obtaining the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime is used in the methods for obtaining the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime in the foregoing embodiments. Therefore, the descriptions and definitions in the method for obtaining the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime in the foregoing embodiments can be used for the understanding of the execution modules in the embodiments of the present invention.
本发明实施例根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型，根据目标河段的类型、该类型河道的水流阻力构成和力学平衡原理，获取目标河段的糙率，能提高获取的渐变流流态下河道糙率的精度。进一步地，由于减少了水力计算中繁重的水力试算工作，获取渐变流流态下河道糙率的步骤更简单、效率更高、耗时更短。In the embodiment of the present invention, the type of the target river reach is determined according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the riverbed contains water blocking obstacles, and the target river reach is obtained according to the type of the target reach, the composition of the water flow resistance of this type of river, and the principle of mechanical balance. The roughness of the river reaches can improve the accuracy of the roughness of the river under the obtained gradient flow regime. Further, since the heavy hydraulic trial calculation work in the hydraulic calculation is reduced, the steps to obtain the channel roughness under the gradient flow regime are simpler, more efficient, and less time-consuming.
图3为根据本发明实施例提供的电子设备的实体结构示意图。基于上述实施例的内容，如图3所示，该电子设备可以包括：处理器(processor)301、存储器(memory)302和总线303；其中，处理器301和存储器302通过总线303完成相互间的通信；处理器301用于调用存储在存储器302中并可在处理器301上运行的计算机程序指令，以执行上述各方法实施例所提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，例如包括：根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型；根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a physical structure of an electronic device provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. Based on the content of the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the electronic device may include: a processor (processor) 301 , a memory (memory) 302 and a
本发明另一实施例公开一种计算机程序产品，计算机程序产品包括存储在非暂态计算机可读存储介质上的计算机程序，计算机程序包括程序指令，当程序指令被计算机执行时，计算机能够执行上述各方法实施例所提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，例如包括：根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型；根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。Another embodiment of the present invention discloses a computer program product. The computer program product includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by a computer, the computer can execute the above The method for obtaining the roughness of the river channel under the gradient flow state provided by each method embodiment, for example, includes: determining the type of the target river segment according to the meandering condition of the target river segment and the situation that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles; The roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach are obtained according to the type of the reach; the roughness of the target reach is obtained according to the roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target reach.
此外，上述的存储器302中的逻辑指令可以通过软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本发明实施例的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM，Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM，Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。In addition, the above-mentioned logic instructions in the
本发明另一实施例提供一种非暂态计算机可读存储介质，非暂态计算机可读存储介质存储计算机指令，计算机指令使计算机执行上述各方法实施例所提供的渐变流流态下河道糙率的获取方法，例如包括：根据目标河段的蜿蜒情况和河床包含阻水障碍物的情况，确定目标河段的类型；根据目标河段的类型，获取目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数；根据目标河段糙率的各分量和辅助系数，获取目标河段的糙率。Another embodiment of the present invention provides a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions cause the computer to execute the gradient flow conditions provided by the above method embodiments. The method for obtaining the roughness ratio includes, for example: determining the type of the target river reach according to the meandering condition of the target river reach and the condition that the river bed contains water blocking obstacles; according to the type of the target river reach, obtaining the components and Auxiliary coefficient: According to each component of the roughness of the target reach and the auxiliary coefficient, the roughness of the target reach is obtained.
以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，其中作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部模块来实现本实施例方案的目的。本领域普通技术人员在不付出创造性的劳动的情况下，即可以理解并实施。The device embodiments described above are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place , or distributed to multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative effort.
通过以上的实施方式的描述，本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到各实施方式可借助软件加必需的通用硬件平台的方式来实现，当然也可以通过硬件。这样的理解，上述技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品可以存储在计算机可读存储介质中，如ROM/RAM、磁碟、光盘等，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行上述各个实施例或者实施例的某些部分的方法。From the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and certainly can also be implemented by hardware. With such understanding, the above-mentioned technical solutions can be embodied in the form of software products in essence or the parts that make contributions to the prior art, and the computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, magnetic disks , CD-ROM, etc., including several instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods of the above-mentioned various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.
最后应说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案，而非对其限制；尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换；而这些修改或者替换，并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that it can still be The technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments are modified, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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