CN106529108B - A kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant - Google Patents
A kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The step of assay method of the present invention relates to a kind of river manning roughness based on steady nonuniform flow, the method, is as follows：Set constraints；Calculate weight component of the control volume along flow direction；Calculate hydrodynamic force suffered by the control volume upstream and downstream cross-section of river；Calculate cross-section of river wetted perimeter；Calculate overall drag；Establish the equation of momentum；Solve comprehensive manning roughness.Natural river course integrates manning roughness assay method under the conditions of the steady nonuniform flow that the present invention is proposed by theory analysis, every resistance suffered by flow is considered comprehensively, such as river bed surface boundary resistance and plant additional drag, the non-uniform flow characteristic of natural river course flow is fully considered, so that measurement result more meets truth, it is more accurate according to the calculated Manning roughness coefficient of this theoretical institute, it is more in line with the needs of actual design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant, are a kind of water conservancy project computational methods, are
A kind of water conservancy project method for River Design.
Background technology
In recent years, with the enhancing of environmental consciousness, worldwide river ecological protection and recovery technique are quickly grown,
More and more ecological river construction projects are carried out.Important component of the water plant as river ecosystem,
Have become the important content of ecological river construction.Water plant can provide habitat and food source for biology, inhibit silt
Settling flux is effectively improved water quality, while bank plant can also prevent water erosion riverbank, and stabilization of river bed and river is maintained to wriggle
Degree.Compared with traditional river drum river, the presence of water plant makes streamflow resistance increase, and flood discharge capacity reduces, greatly
Ground changes the resistance to water-flow characteristic in river.Therefore, the research of the drag characteristic of streamflow containing water plant is to ecological river
Flood control capacity, ecological revetment revetment design and riverside landscape design be all of great significance.
Although the resistance to water-flow problem to the river containing water plant has had many scholars to conduct in-depth research it,
But since aquatic plant species, stand density and distribution situation are sufficiently complex, the resistance to water-flow problem in the river containing water plant is big
Bias toward mechanism Journal of Sex Research, there are still certain on engineer application for the manning roughness formula that different researchers propose from different perspectives more
Limitation needs the parameter of calibration very much, it is difficult to be applied in Practical Project.
Invention content
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention to propose a kind of calculating side of the manning roughness of river containing water plant
Method.The present invention by containing the sink for flooding flexible water plant flow campaign and dimensional analysis, have studied plant and endure
Vertical degree floods height and opposite influence of the tangled vegetation to roughness relatively, obtains and is generally applicable to the logical of the river containing water plant
With the empirical equation of comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient, each parameter explicit physical meaning of formula, parameter information is easy to obtain in practical application
It takes, base reference can be provided for the design of environmental flood carrying capacity, engineering practical value is high.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant, the side
The step of method, is as follows：
The step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river：For being looked into from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual
, or by the basic Manning roughness coefficient n in empirically determined river0；
Determine the step of your moral number of flow Fu：For determining depth of water h and flow velocity U according to design requirement, and according to the depth of water and
Flow velocity determines your moral number Fr of flow Fu；
The step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：For river field investigation in the wild and estimation water plant
Average vertical height hv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant are relatively close
Spend N；
Determine the step of water plant endures dynamics：For being investigated by field condition or according to the soft of flow condition and plant
Toughness is estimated using empirical equation, determines degree of the standing upright δ of the various water plants in river scenei；
The step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：For passing through hydraulic test or prototype measurement acquisition
The stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of water planti；
The step of calculating：Manning roughness coefficient for calculating the river containing water plant according to formula：
Further, the calculation formula of the degree of standing upright of the water plant is：
δi=γiFrωi。
Further, the calculation formula of the degree of standing upright of the water plant is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.7。
Further, the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor αiThe value between 1.0-2.0 takes flexible big plant
1.1-1.5, the plant big to rigidity, takes 1.5-2.0.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention passes through to the series containing the sink for flooding flexible water plant flow
Experiment and dimensional analysis have studied plant degree of standing upright, flood height relatively and opposite influence of the tangled vegetation to roughness, obtain general
All over the empirical equation for the general comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient for being suitable for the river containing water plant, each parameter physical significance of formula is bright
Really, parameter information is easy to obtain in practical application, can provide base reference for the design of environmental flood carrying capacity, engineering is real
It is high with value, there is important promotional value for practicing Ecological Civilization Construction.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of one the method for the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant, flow such as Fig. 1 institutes of the method
Show.The present embodiment is mainly used in practical ecological riverway recovery project or newly-designed ecological canal engineering.Described in the present embodiment
The step of method, is as follows：
(1) the step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river：For from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual
In check in, or by the basic Manning roughness coefficient n in empirically determined river0.The present embodiment is in existing Manning roughness coefficient base
It is further refined on plinth, increases more influence factors, it is made to be better able to reflection actual canal situation.Therefore, first
First from handbook according to the material in riverbed find river basic Manning roughness coefficient (i.e. non-planting aquatic plants when river it is graceful
Peaceful roughness coefficien), some channels have the record of some hydraulic datas, therefore can root because having run a period of time in addition
According to the basic Manning roughness coefficient before its empirically determined serike.
(3) the step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：For river field investigation in the wild and estimate aquatic
The average vertical height h of plantv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant phase
To density N.Due to the natural growth of wild plant, there is it to adapt to the height grown naturally and density of environment, height and close
Degree is related with local weather conditions and the environment of growth, and therefore, it is necessary to aquatic in design river or channel ambient enviroment
The growing height and density of plant are sampled and are estimated.
(4) the step of water plant endures dynamics is determined：For being investigated by field condition or according to flow condition and plant
Suppleness estimation, determine degree of the standing upright δ of the various water plants in river scenei.Water plant degree of standing upright δiIt refer to aquatic plant
The curvature under water impact of object.Since its value changes less (0 ＜ δi≤ 1), it can by field study obtain or by
Formula δ=γ FrωCalculated according to the suppleness of flow condition and plant.Wherein, γ, ω are the parameter of plant stalk rigidity, this
A little parameters are different and different according to the type of plant.
(5) the step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：For passing through hydraulic test or prototype measurement
Obtain the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of water planti.The value one of the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of each channel water plant
As should be obtained by hydraulic test or prototype measurement, under the conditions of no data is governed, it is proposed that：αiIt is taken between 1.0~2.0
Value takes 1.1~1.5, the plant (bullet of stalk big to rigidity to flexible big plant (elasticity modulus≤2000Mpa of stalk)
Property modulus>2000Mpa), 1.5~2.0 are can use, important engineering preferably passes through hydraulic test calibration.
(6) the step of calculating：Manning roughness coefficient for calculating the river containing water plant according to formula：
The principle of the present embodiment the method is：
According to Dimensional Analysis Theory, every physics parameter of water plant river synthesis Manning roughness coefficient will be influenced,
It is provided in the form of implicit function：
Φ(nv, n0, U, h, B, ρ, g, μ, hv, M, α, β) and=0 (1)
In formula, nvManning roughness coefficient is integrated to contain water plant river；n0Based on (no water plant river) it is graceful peaceful rough
Rate coefficient；U is river cross-section mean flow rate；H is river mean depth；B is river width；ρ is the density of water；G adds for gravity
Speed (takes 9.8m/s2)；μ is coefficient of dynamic viscosity；hvAverage effective height after lodging for plant；M is that the growth of plant is close
Degree；α is that dimensionless factor, the β of characterization plant stalk rigidity are the dimensionless factor for characterizing plant tangled vegetation.
After formula (1) carries out nondimensionalization processing：
In formula, hv/ h, which is that plant is opposite, floods height, indicates the ratio of average effective height and mean depth after plant lodging
Value；The dimension of plant growth density M has its particularity, using plant with respect to tangled vegetation N=M/MminIt is close as characterization plant growth
Spend the dimensionless expression formula of M, wherein MminFor the minimum plant strain number of unit area, and define Mmin=1 plant/m2；Fr is flow Fu
Your moral number；Re is flow Reynolds number.
Write the synthesis Manning roughness coefficient in formula (2) as explicit function form, i.e.,：
Due to hvWith n0Corresponding flow and geometrical condition are identical, with n0As nvDimensionless scale when, that is, think
Contain the influence of all characteristic parameters related with flow, then formula (3) will no longer occur with the relevant characteristic quantity of flow, thus
It can be simplified to following form：
In the synthesis Manning roughness coefficient n of river containing water plantvFunction expression in, the f (h of appearancev/ h, N, α, β) it can
It is defined as water plant " additional Manning roughness coefficient function ", the main independent variable of function f, which is that plant is opposite, floods height hv/h、
Opposite tangled vegetation N and plant haulm rigidity dimensionless factor α, plant tangled vegetation dimensionless factor β.Wherein plant is opposite floods
Height meets 0≤hv/ h≤1, opposite tangled vegetation N >=0；α, β can be obtained by the experiment of flows with vegelation.Therefore, seek aqueous
The synthesis Manning roughness coefficient in plant river is attributed to " the additional Manning roughness coefficient function " f for seeking all kinds of water plants
Uniform expression.
Comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient nvIt is opposite with plant to flood height hvThe relationship of/h：Pass through the physics mould of flows with vegelation
Type is tested, and is obtained under different opposite tangled vegetationsLinear relation equation be：
Comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient nvThe relationship of tangled vegetation N opposite with plant：By formula (6)~(8) as can be seen that nv/n0
WithMeet linear equation, the increase with plant with respect to tangled vegetation N of the slope of the equation and increase.It can obtain as a result,
" the additional Manning roughness coefficient function " for going out water plant is shown below：
By formula (6)~(8) as it can be seen that for three kinds of opposite tangled vegetation N：N1=142, N2=198, N3=269, it is correspondingFollowing equation should be met：
One of an important factor for height of plant is influence resistance to water-flow.Under the action of flow rate of water flow, plant generates
Lie prostrate phenomenon, the lodging height Δ h of plantv=hv0- hv, i.e. lodging degree ξ=Δ hv/hv0=1- δ define δ=hv/hv0To stand upright
Degree, hv0For the aerial average vertical height of plant, δ (0 δ≤1 ＜) is lodged under characterization water plant resistance flow action
Parameter.Plant degree of standing upright δ gradually successively decreases with the increase of flow Fu your moral number Fr, and the rule is become by plant growth density M
The influence of change is smaller.The empirical equation of water plant degree of standing upright under floodage is obtained by experiment：
δ=0.33Fr—0.37 (13)
Logarithm is taken respectively to formula (10)~(12) and is fitted, is finally obtained：α=1.23, β=1/4 substitute into formula (9),
So far, it has obtained and different opposite has flooded height hv/ h with Bu Tong with respect to the synthesis Manning roughness coefficient experience under the conditions of tangled vegetation N
Formula is as follows：
Under the conditions of different plant tangled vegetations, tangled vegetation dimensionless factor β remains constant 1/4.Further inference, can
It is as follows to obtain the blanket general comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient empirical equation in river containing water plant：
In formula, αi、δi、γi、ωiThe parameter of different floristics (i) bar stem rigidity is respectively characterized, they need to pass through
Hydraulic test is carried out to specific water plant or field inspection determines.
In conclusion the general comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient empirical equation of river containing water plant (15) contain influence it is aqueous
Plant river Manning roughness coefficient nvMajor parameter：Reflect that the parameter of floristics (i) bar stem rigidity, plant are flooded relatively
Height hv/ h and plant are with respect to tangled vegetation N etc..Formula explicit physical meaning, form is simple, reasonable for structure, has stronger practicality
Property and operability.
" manning roughness " described in the present embodiment is the abbreviation of " Manning roughness coefficient ".
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is calculating of the embodiment one about the very dynamics of water plant.This implementation
The calculation formula of degree of standing upright of water plant described in example is：
δi=γiFrωi。
Degree of the standing upright δ of water plant mainly has the Fu Rude numbers of flow to determine, wherein γ is characterization plant anti-current-rush
The coefficient of power, ω are the index for characterizing Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure, and γ and ω are dimensionless numbers, related with the type of plant, right
For fixed floristics be can calibration constant.What the footnote i of each letter was indicated is various plant water plants
Degree of standing upright.
Embodiment three：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is calculating of the embodiment two about the very dynamics of water plant.This implementation
The calculation formula of degree of standing upright of water plant described in example is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.37。
In some cases, the degree of standing upright of water plant can not be observed at the scene, therefore, warp that can be through this embodiment
Test formula acquisition.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is dimensionless of the above-described embodiment about the stalk rigidity of water plant
The refinement of coefficient.Stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α described in the present embodimentiThe value between 1.0-2.0, to flexible big plant
(elasticity modulus≤2000Mpa of stalk) takes 1.1-1.5, the plant (elasticity modulus of stalk big to rigidity>2000Mpa), it takes
1.5-2.0。
Finally it should be noted that above be merely illustrative of the technical solution of the present invention and it is unrestricted, although with reference to preferable cloth
The scheme of setting describes the invention in detail, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme (such as operational mode etc. of the sequencing of step, formula) is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the present invention
The spirit and scope of technical solution.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant, which is characterized in that the step of the method is as follows：
The step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river：For being checked in from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual,
Or the basic Manning roughness coefficient n by empirically determined river0；
Determine the step of your moral number of flow Fu：For determining depth of water h and flow velocity U according to design requirement, and according to the depth of water and flow velocity
Determine your moral number Fr of flow Fu；
The step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：For river field investigation in the wild and estimate the flat of water plant
Equal vertical height hv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant relative density N；
Determine the step of water plant endures dynamics：For by field condition investigation or according to the suppleness of flow condition and plant
It is estimated using empirical equation, determines degree of the standing upright δ of the various water plants in river scenei；
The step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：It is aquatic for being obtained by hydraulic test or prototype measurement
The stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of planti；
The step of calculating：Manning roughness coefficient for calculating the river containing water plant according to formula：
Wherein：H is river mean depth.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the calculation formula of the degree of standing upright of the water plant is：
δi=γiFrωi,
Wherein γ is the coefficient for characterizing Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure, and ω is the index for characterizing Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure, each word
Female footnote i indicates the degree of standing upright of various water plants.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the calculation formula of the degree of standing upright of the water plant is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.7。
4. according to the method described in one of claim 1-3, which is characterized in that the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor αi
Value between 1.0-2.0 takes 1.1-1.5 to flexible big plant, and the plant big to rigidity takes 1.5-2.0.
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| CN109932368B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-06-18 | 北京林业大学 | Method for measuring dragging force coefficient of flexible vegetation group |
| CN110851765B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2022-02-18 | 华北电力大学 | Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state |
| CN112433029B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-06-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for calculating tree roughness of beach land |
| CN113836703B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-10-17 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Calculation method for resistance coefficient of river channel containing submerged vegetation |
| CN115222115B (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2023-06-16 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Comprehensive roughness calculation method and system for plant-containing river channel |
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