CN106529108A - Method for calculating manning roughness coefficient of aquatic plant-contained river channel - Google Patents
Method for calculating manning roughness coefficient of aquatic plant-contained river channel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for measuring a manning roughness coefficient of a river channel based on constant and non-uniform flows. The method comprises the following steps of setting a constraint condition; calculating a weight component of a control body along a flow direction; calculating dynamic water pressures withstood by river cross sections of an upstream and a downstream of the control body; calculating wetted perimeters of the river cross sections; calculating a comprehensive resistance value; establishing a momentum equation; and solving a comprehensive manning roughness coefficient. According to the method for measuring the comprehensive manning roughness coefficient of a natural river channel under the condition of the constant and non-uniform flows provided through theoretical analysis, various resistance values, such as a boundary resistance value of a river channel bed surface and an additional resistance value of plants, which are withstood by a water flow are comprehensively considered, the characteristics of the non-uniform flows of the water flow of the natural river channel are fully considered so that a measurement result accords with a real situation, and the manning roughness coefficient calculated according to the theory is accurate and meets the demand of practical design.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river course containing water plant, are a kind of water conservancy project computational methods, are
A kind of water conservancy project method for River Design.
Background technology
In recent years, with the enhancing of environmental consciousness, worldwide river ecological protection and recovery technique quickly grow,
Increasing ecological river construction project is carried out.Important component part of the water plant as river ecosystem,
The important content of ecological river construction is become.Water plant can provide habitat and food source for biology, suppress silt
Settling flux, is effectively improved water quality, while bank plant can also prevent water erosion riverbank, maintains stabilization of river bed and river to wriggle
Degree.Compared with traditional river drum river course, the presence of water plant causes streamflow resistance to increase, and flood discharge capacity is reduced, greatly
Change the resistance to water-flow characteristic in river course.Therefore, the research of the drag characteristic of streamflow containing water plant is to ecological river
Flood control capacity, ecological revetment revetment design and riverside landscape design it is all significant.
Although having had many scholars to conduct in-depth research which resistance to water-flow problem containing water plant river course,
But as aquatic plant species, stand density and distribution situation are sufficiently complex, the resistance to water-flow problem containing water plant river course is big
Bias toward mechanism Journal of Sex Research, the manning roughness formula that different researchers are proposed from different perspectives is still suffered from engineer applied necessarily more
Limitation, needs the parameter of calibration a lot, it is difficult to apply in Practical Project.
The content of the invention
In order to overcome problem of the prior art, the present invention to propose a kind of calculating side of the manning roughness of river course containing water plant
Method.The present invention is by the campaign containing the tank for flooding flexible water plant current and dimensional analysis, have studied plant and endure
Found degree, flood relatively height and relative impact of the tangled vegetation to roughness, obtain and be generally applicable to leading to containing water plant river course
With the empirical equation of comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient, each parameter explicit physical meaning of formula, in practical application, parameter information is easily obtained
Take, base reference can be provided for the design of environmental flood carrying capacity, engineering practical value is high.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：A kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river course containing water plant, the side
The step of method, is as follows：
The step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river course：For looking into from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual
, or by the basic Manning roughness coefficient n in empirically determined river course0；
Determine the step of your moral number of current Fu：For determining depth of water h and flow velocity U according to design requirement, and according to the depth of water and
Flow velocity determines your moral number Fr of current Fu；
The step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：For river course field investigation in the wild and estimation water plant
Average vertical height hv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant are relatively close
Degree N；
Determine the step of water plant endures dynamics：For being investigated by field condition or according to the soft of flow condition and plant
Toughness using empirical equation estimate, determine river course scene in various water plants degree of standing upright δi；
The step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：For being obtained by hydraulic test or prototype measurement
The stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of water planti；
The step of calculating：For calculating the Manning roughness coefficient containing water plant river course according to formula：
Further, the computing formula of the degree of standing upright of described water plant is：
δi=γiFrωi。
Further, the computing formula of the degree of standing upright of described water plant is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.7。
Further, described stalk rigidity dimensionless factor αiThe value between 1.0-2.0, takes to flexible big plant
1.1-1.5, the plant big to rigidity, takes 1.5-2.0.
The beneficial effect comprise that：The present invention is by the series containing the tank for flooding flexible water plant current
Test and dimensional analysis, have studied plant degree of standing upright, flood relatively height and relative impact of the tangled vegetation to roughness, obtain general
All over the empirical equation for being applied to the general comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient containing water plant river course, each parameter physical significance of formula is bright
Really, in practical application, parameter information is easily obtained, and can provide base reference, engineering reality for the design of environmental flood carrying capacity
It is high with value, there is important promotional value for Ecological Civilization Construction is practiced.
Description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of one methods described of embodiments of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one：
The present embodiment is a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river course containing water plant, flow process such as Fig. 1 institutes of methods described
Show.The present embodiment is mainly used in actual ecological riverway recovery project or newly-designed ecological canal engineering.Described in the present embodiment
The step of method, is as follows：
(1) the step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river course：For from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual
In check in, or by the basic Manning roughness coefficient n in empirically determined river course0.The present embodiment is in existing Manning roughness coefficient base
Further refined on plinth, increased more influence factors so as to be better able to reflect actual canal situation.Therefore, it is first
First from handbook according to the material in riverbed find river course basic Manning roughness coefficient (i.e. non-planting aquatic plants when river course it is graceful
Peaceful roughness coefficien), because having run a period of time, which has the record of some hydraulic datas to some channels, therefore can be with root in addition
According to the basic Manning roughness coefficient before empirically determined its serike.
(2) determine the step of your moral number of current Fu：For determining depth of water h and flow velocity U according to design requirement, and according to the depth of water
Fu Rude number Fr are determined with current.When river course or channel is designed, water is designed with each is calculated by other constraintss
Power condition.Design hydraulics include many contents, and this step relates generally to depth of water h and flow velocity U of river course or channel, and according to
Water depth flow speed determines your moral number Fr of current Fu
(3) the step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：It is aquatic for river course field investigation in the wild and estimation
Average vertical height h of plantv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant phase
To density N.Due to the natural growth of wild plant, have which to adapt to the height and density of the natural growth of environment, its highly with it is close
Degree is relevant with the environment of local weather conditions and growth, accordingly, it would be desirable to aquatic in designing river course or channel surrounding environment
The growing height and density of plant is sampled and is estimated.
(4) determine the step of water plant endures dynamics：For by field condition investigation or according to flow condition and plant
Suppleness estimation, determine river course scene in various water plants degree of standing upright δi.Water plant degree of standing upright δiRefer to aquatic plant
The flexibility under water impact of thing.Due to its value changes less (0 ＜ δi≤ 1), it can by field study obtain or by
Formula δ=γ FrωCalculated according to the suppleness of flow condition and plant.Wherein, the parameter of γ, ω for plant stalk rigidity, this
A little parameters are different according to the species difference of plant.
(5) the step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：For by hydraulic test or prototype measurement
Obtain the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of water planti.The value one of the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of each channel water plant
As should pass through hydraulic test or prototype measurement and obtain, under the conditions of no data is governed, it is proposed that：αiTake between 1.0～2.0
Value, takes 1.1～1.5 to flexible big plant (elastic modelling quantity≤2000Mpa of stalk), the plant (bullet of stalk big to rigidity
Property modulus>2000Mpa), 1.5～2.0 are can use, important engineering preferably passes through hydraulic test calibration.
(6) the step of calculating：For calculating the Manning roughness coefficient containing water plant river course according to formula：
The principle of the present embodiment methods described is：
According to Dimensional Analysis Theory, every physics parameter of water plant river course synthesis Manning roughness coefficient will be affected,
Be given with implicit function form：
Φ(nv, n0, U, h, B, ρ, g, μ, hv, M, α, β)=0 (1)
In formula, nvIt is the synthesis Manning roughness coefficient of river course containing water plant；n0Based on (without water plant river course) it is graceful peaceful rough
Rate coefficient；U is river cross-section mean flow rate；H is river course mean depth；B is river width；Density of the ρ for water；G adds for gravity
Speed (takes 9.8m/s2)；μ is coefficient of dynamic viscosity；hvFor the average effective height after plant lodging；M is close for the growth of plant
Degree；α is the dimensionless factor for characterizing plant stalk rigidity, the dimensionless factor that β is sign plant tangled vegetation.
After formula (1) carries out nondimensionalization process：
In formula, hv/ h floods height for plant is relative, represents ratio of the average effective highly with mean depth after plant lodging
Value；The dimension of plant growth density M has its particularity, using relative tangled vegetation N=M/M of plantminAs characterizing, plant growth is close
The dimensionless expression formula of degree M, wherein MminFor the minimum plant strain number of unit area, and define Mmin=1 plant/m2；Fr is current Fu
Your moral number；Re is current Reynolds number.
Write the comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient in formula (2) as explicit function form, i.e.,：
Due to hvWith n0Corresponding current and geometrical condition are identical, with n0As nvDimensionless yardstick when, that is, think
The impact of all relevant with current characteristic parameter is contained, then the characteristic quantity related to current is no longer occurred in formula (3), thus
Following form can be simplified to：
In the synthesis Manning roughness coefficient n of river course containing water plantvFunction expression in, the f (h of appearancev/ h, N, α, β) can
Water plant " additional Manning roughness coefficient function " is defined as, the main independent variable of function f is that plant is relative floods height hv/h、
With respect to tangled vegetation N and plant haulm rigidity dimensionless factor α, plant tangled vegetation dimensionless factor β.Wherein plant is relative floods
Highly meet 0≤hv/ h≤1, with respect to tangled vegetation N >=0；α, β can be obtained by the test of flows with vegelation.Therefore, seek aqueous
The comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient in plant river course, is attributed to " the additional Manning roughness coefficient function " f for seeking all kinds of water plants
Uniform expression.
Comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient nvIt is relative with plant to flood height hvThe relation of/h：By the physics mould of flows with vegelation
Type is tested, and is drawn under different relative tangled vegetationsLinear relation equation be：
Comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient nvThe relation of tangled vegetation N relative with plant：By formula (6)～(8) as can be seen that nv/n0
WithMeet linear equation, the slope of the equation increases with respect to the increase of tangled vegetation N with plant.Thus, can obtain
" the additional Manning roughness coefficient function " for going out water plant is shown below：
From formula (6)～(8), for three kinds of relative tangled vegetations N：N1=142, N2=198, N3=269, it is correspondingFollowing equation should be met：
The height of plant is to affect one of key factor of resistance to water-flow.In the presence of flow rate of water flow, plant produces
Volt phenomenon, the lodging height Δ h of plantv=hv0- hv, i.e. lodging degree ξ=Δ hv/hv0=1- δ, define δ=hv/hv0To stand upright
Degree, hv0For the aerial average vertical height of plant, δ (0 ＜ δ≤1) is to characterize to lodge under water plant opposing flow action
Parameter.Plant degree of standing upright δ gradually successively decreases with the increase of current Fu your moral number Fr, and the rule is become by plant growth density M
The impact of change is less.The empirical equation of water plant degree of standing upright under floodage is obtained by test：
δ=0.33Fr—0.37 (13)
Formula (10)～(12) are taken the logarithm respectively and are fitted, is finally obtained：α=1.23, β=1/4 substitute into formula (9),
So far, drawn and different relative flooded height hv/ h with Bu Tong with respect to tangled vegetation N under the conditions of comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient experience
Formula is as follows：
Under the conditions of different plant tangled vegetations, tangled vegetation dimensionless factor β remains constant 1/4.Further inference, can
It is as follows to obtain the blanket general comprehensive Manning roughness coefficient empirical equation in river course containing water plant：
In formula, αi、δi、γi、ωiThe parameter of different floristics (i) bar stem rigidity is characterized respectively, they need to pass through
Hydraulic test is carried out to specific water plant or field inspection determines.
In sum, the general comprehensive of river course containing water plant Manning roughness coefficient empirical equation (15) is contained affects aqueous
Plant river course Manning roughness coefficient nvMajor parameter：The parameter of reflection floristics (i) bar stem rigidity, plant are relative to be flooded
Height hv/ h and plant are with respect to tangled vegetation N etc..Formula explicit physical meaning, form are simple, rational in infrastructure, with stronger practicality
Property and operability.
" manning roughness " described in the present embodiment is the abbreviation of " Manning roughness coefficient ".
Embodiment two：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment one, is calculating of the embodiment one with regard to the very dynamics of water plant.This enforcement
The computing formula of degree of standing upright of the water plant described in example is：
δi=γiFrωi。
The Fu Rude numbers that degree of the standing upright δ of water plant mainly has current determine that wherein γ is sign plant anti-current-rush
The coefficient of power, ω are the index for characterizing Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure, and γ and ω is dimensionless number, relevant with the species of plant, right
For fixed floristics be can calibration constant.What each alphabetical footnote i was represented is various plant water plants
Degree of standing upright.
Embodiment three：
The present embodiment is the improvement of embodiment two, is calculating of the embodiment two with regard to the very dynamics of water plant.This enforcement
The computing formula of degree of standing upright of the water plant described in example is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.37。
In some cases, the degree of standing upright of water plant cannot be observed at the scene, therefore, it can the Jing by the present embodiment
Test formula acquisition.
Example IV：
The present embodiment is the improvement of above-described embodiment, is dimensionless of the above-described embodiment with regard to the stalk rigidity of water plant
The refinement of coefficient.Stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α described in the present embodimentiThe value between 1.0-2.0, to flexible big plant
(elastic modelling quantity≤2000Mpa of stalk) takes 1.1-1.5, the plant (elastic modelling quantity of stalk big to rigidity>2000Mpa), take
1.5-2.0。
Finally it should be noted that above only unrestricted to illustrate technical scheme, although with reference to preferable cloth
Put scheme to be described in detail the present invention, it will be understood by those within the art that, can be to the technology of the present invention
Scheme (sequencing of such as step, operational mode of formula etc.) is modified or equivalent, without deviating from the present invention
The spirit and scope of technical scheme.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river course containing water plant, it is characterised in that as follows the step of methods described：
The step of determining the basic Manning roughness coefficient in river course：For checking in from water force handbook or Engineering Design Manual,
Or by the basic Manning roughness coefficient n in empirically determined river course0；
Determine the step of your moral number of current Fu：For determining depth of water h and flow velocity U according to design requirement, and according to the depth of water and flow velocity
Determine your moral number Fr of current Fu；
The step of obtaining water plant relative altitude and density：It is flat with estimation water plant for river course field investigation in the wild
Equal vertical height hv0And in per unit water plant stand density M, so that it is determined that hv0/ h and plant relative density N；
Determine the step of water plant endures dynamics：For by field condition investigation or according to flow condition and the suppleness of plant
Using empirical equation estimate, determine river course scene in various water plants degree of standing upright δi；
The step of determining the stalk rigidity dimensionless factor of water plant：For obtaining aquatic by hydraulic test or prototype measurement
The stalk rigidity dimensionless factor α of planti；
The step of calculating：For calculating the Manning roughness coefficient containing water plant river course according to formula：
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the computing formula of the degree of standing upright of described water plant is：
δi=γiFrωi,
Wherein γ be characterize Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure coefficient, ω be characterize Genes For Plant Tolerance water flow impact pressure index, each word
Female footnote i represents the degree of standing upright of various water plants.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the computing formula of the degree of standing upright of described water plant is：
δ=0.33Fr-0.7。
4. the method according to one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described stalk rigidity dimensionless factor αi
Value between 1.0-2.0, takes 1.1-1.5 to flexible big plant, and the plant big to rigidity takes 1.5-2.0.
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| CN110851765A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-28 | 华北电力大学 | Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state |
| CN112433029A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for calculating tree roughness of beach land |
| CN113836703A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-24 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Method for calculating resistance coefficient of river channel containing submerged vegetation |
| CN115222115A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-21 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Comprehensive roughness calculation method and system for plant-containing river channel |
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| CN109932368A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-25 | 北京林业大学 | A kind of measurement method of flexibility vegetation group towing force coefficient |
| CN109932368B (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2021-06-18 | 北京林业大学 | Method for measuring dragging force coefficient of flexible vegetation group |
| CN110851765A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2020-02-28 | 华北电力大学 | Method for acquiring river course roughness in gradual flow state |
| CN112433029A (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2021-03-02 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for calculating tree roughness of beach land |
| CN112433029B (en) * | 2020-11-11 | 2022-06-03 | 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 | Method for calculating tree roughness of beach land |
| CN113836703A (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2021-12-24 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Method for calculating resistance coefficient of river channel containing submerged vegetation |
| CN113836703B (en) * | 2021-09-03 | 2023-10-17 | 中国长江三峡集团有限公司 | Calculation method for resistance coefficient of river channel containing submerged vegetation |
| CN115222115A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-10-21 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Comprehensive roughness calculation method and system for plant-containing river channel |
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