CN113807035B - Calculation method for riverbed erosion-deposition under action of plane vortex water flow - Google Patents

Calculation method for riverbed erosion-deposition under action of plane vortex water flow Download PDF

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CN113807035B
CN113807035B CN202111161505.2A CN202111161505A CN113807035B CN 113807035 B CN113807035 B CN 113807035B CN 202111161505 A CN202111161505 A CN 202111161505A CN 113807035 B CN113807035 B CN 113807035B
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假冬冬
高文廉
高骏
郝由之
杨俊�
吴磊
仓濯缨
陈长英
张红梅
王兴刚
张幸农
应强
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Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute of National Energy Administration Ministry of Transport Ministry of Water Resources
China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for calculating riverbed erosion-deposition under the action of plane vortex water flow, which comprises the steps of collecting riverway basic data of riverbed erosion-deposition under the action of plane vortex water flow to be calculated; establishing a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model; calculating the flow velocity distribution, the water depth, the plane vortex flow structure and the sediment transport information of the river channel flow; calculating the effective gravity acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; correcting and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; and calculating to obtain the riverbed erosion-deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow. The method can quickly and accurately calculate the riverbed scouring and silting value under the action of the plane vortex water flow, realizes the riverbed scouring and silting calculation when the effective gravity of the sediment is changed due to the action of the vortex water flow, is closer to the actual situation, and can provide technical support for comprehensive treatment and protection of the riverway.

Description

Calculation method for riverbed erosion-deposition under action of plane vortex water flow
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of hydraulic engineering river dynamics, and particularly relates to a calculation method for riverbed erosion-deposition under the action of plane vortex water flow.
Background
Planar vortex flow structures are quite common in natural watercourses and bodies of water, often caused by prominent natural rosettes or artificial structures. Actual observation shows that under the action of the plane vortex water flow, the water flow is added with the lifting force, the effective (equivalent) gravity of silt is changed along with the lifting force, the riverbed scouring range is often larger, and the riverbed scouring water flow is more complex and changeable than the general smooth water flow, so that the challenges are brought to the comprehensive treatment and protection of the riverway.
However, under the action of the plane vortex water flow, the river bed erosion and deposition mechanism is very complex, and the effective (equivalent) gravity can change due to the action of the vortex water flow, so that the existing river bed erosion and deposition calculation method cannot be applied, and a mature and accurate calculation method does not exist at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for calculating erosion and deposition of a riverbed under the action of plane vortex water flow aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of plane vortex water flow comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting channel basic data of riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of planar vortex water flow to be calculated;
step 2, according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and according to a river simulation theory, establishing a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model;
step 3, calculating the flow velocity distribution, the water depth, the plane vortex flow structure and the sediment transport information of the river channel according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and the plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional flow sediment movement mathematical model in the step 2;
step 4, according to the calculation result of the step 3, according to the movement stress analysis and the dynamic mechanism of the sediment under the action of vortex and the hydrodynamic motion theory, introducing the lifting force and the corresponding equivalent gravitational acceleration coefficient under the action of the plane vortex water flow, and calculating the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow;
step 5, correcting and calculating the settling velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow in the step 4 and a sediment settling theory;
step 6, correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow in the step 4 and the sedimentation velocity obtained by correction and calculation in the step 5 and according to the sediment transport capacity theory of the sediment;
and 7, calculating to obtain the riverbed scouring deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow according to the sedimentation velocity obtained by correction calculation in the step 5 and the sediment transport capacity obtained by correction calculation in the step 6 and the riverbed scouring deposition deformation theory.
In order to optimize the technical scheme, the specific measures adopted further comprise:
the river channel basic data in the step 1 comprise river channel terrain data and hydrologic data;
the hydrological data comprises flow, water level and sand supply process data.
And 2, establishing a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model based on the river terrain data, the river simulation theory and the anisotropic turbulence mode.
The formula of the turbulent vortex-viscosity coefficient of the anisotropic turbulent flow pattern used for calculating the x direction, the y direction and the z direction is as follows:
νtx＝cx×kt 2/ε
νty＝cy×kt 2/ε
νtz＝cz×kt 2/ε
in the formula: v istx、νty、νtzTurbulent vortex viscosity coefficients in x, y and z directions respectively; c. Cx、cy、czCalculating coefficients for the turbulence in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, and calibrating and determining; k is a radical oftIs kt-turbulence kinetic energy calculated by an epsilon turbulence model; epsilon is kt-the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation ratio calculated by the epsilon turbulence model.
And 3, calculating the water flow velocity u, the water depth h of the plane vortex area, the vortex water flow structure and the vortex velocity u according to the hydrological data serving as boundary data, the calculation result of the turbulent vortex viscosity coefficient and the plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model in the step 2ωAnd a sand content S.
Calculating the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow in the step 4, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000021
in the formula: gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; g is normal gravitational acceleration;
Figure BDA0003290070670000022
an equivalent gravity acceleration coefficient corresponding to the lifting force of the planar vortex water flow,
Figure BDA0003290070670000023
uωfor vortex velocity, λ is a rate-determining parameter.
And 5, correcting and calculating the settling velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000024
in the formula: omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow; k is a plane vortex water flow area sediment sedimentation rate coefficient; gamma raysActually measuring the volume weight of the sediment; gamma is the actually measured volume weight of the water body; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; d is the actually measured grain diameter of the sediment.
And 6, correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000031
in the formula: s* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; k is a coefficient for calibrating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment in the plane vortex flow area; u is the flow rate of water; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; h is the water depth of the plane vortex flow area; omegaVortex machineAnd (4) settling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow.
And 7, calculating to obtain the riverbed erosion-deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000032
in the formula: delta ZVortex machineThe value of the erosion and deposition of the riverbed under the action of the plane vortex water flow; rhobActually measuring the dry volume weight of the riverbed silt; omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow; s is the sediment content of the plane vortex water flow zone calculated by the mathematical model; s* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; Δ t is the calculation time length.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, when the effective (equivalent) gravity of the sediment is changed under the action of the vortex water flow, the sedimentation velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow and the sediment transport capacity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow are corrected and calculated according to the effective gravity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, then the riverbed scouring calculation is carried out, the riverbed scouring value under the action of the plane vortex water flow can be quickly and accurately calculated, the riverbed scouring calculation under the action of the vortex water flow when the effective (equivalent) gravity of the sediment is changed is realized, the defect that the traditional calculation method cannot be applied to the riverbed scouring calculation in the vortex area is overcome, the method is closer to the actual situation, and the technical support can be provided for comprehensive treatment and protection of a riverway.
The method establishes a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model based on the anisotropic turbulence mode, can accurately simulate the vortex water flow structure, and improves the final erosion and deposition calculation accuracy.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a mathematical model of the movement of the sediment in the water flow established by the invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the method for calculating the riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the plane vortex water flow comprises the following steps:
step 1, collecting channel basic data of riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of planar vortex water flow to be calculated;
in an embodiment, the channel foundation data includes channel terrain data and hydrology data;
the hydrological data comprises data of flow, water level, sand supply process and the like.
Step 2, according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and according to a river simulation theory, establishing a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model;
step 3, calculating the flow velocity distribution, the water depth, the plane vortex flow structure and the sediment transport information of the river channel according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and the plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional flow sediment movement mathematical model in the step 2;
in the embodiment, step 2, a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model is established based on an anisotropic turbulence mode according to river terrain data and a river simulation theory, as shown in fig. 2;
the formula of the turbulent vortex-viscosity coefficient of the anisotropic turbulent flow pattern used for calculating the x direction, the y direction and the z direction is as follows:
νtx＝cx×kt 2/ε
νty＝cy×kt 2/ε
νtz＝cz×kt 2/ε
in the formula: v istx、νty、νtzTurbulent vortex viscosity coefficients in x, y and z directions respectively; c. Cx、cy、czCalculating coefficients for the turbulence in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, and calibrating and determining; k is a radical oftIs kt-turbulence kinetic energy calculated by an epsilon turbulence model; epsilon is kt-the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation ratio calculated by the epsilon turbulence model.
And 3, calculating the water flow velocity u, the water depth h of the plane vortex area, the vortex water flow structure and the vortex velocity u according to the hydrological data serving as boundary data, the calculation result of the turbulent vortex viscosity coefficient and the plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model in the step 2ωAnd a sand content S.
With the conventional isotropic turbulence mode (i.e. the latter c)x、cy、czThe same value is used), the anisotropy of the invention takes on different values. The advantage of adopting anisotropy is that the turbulent vortex viscosity coefficient is taken as a parameter of anisotropy, and the vortex water flow structure can be accurately simulated.
Step 4, according to the calculation result of the step 3, according to the movement stress analysis and the dynamic mechanism of the sediment under the vortex action and the fluid mechanics movement theory, introducing the lifting force and the corresponding equivalent gravity acceleration coefficient under the action of the plane vortex water flow, and calculating the effective gravity acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the effective gravity acceleration formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000051
in the formula: gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; g is normal gravitational acceleration;
Figure BDA0003290070670000052
an equivalent gravity acceleration coefficient corresponding to the lifting force of the planar vortex water flow,
Figure BDA0003290070670000053
uωfor vortex velocity, λ is a rate-determining parameter.
In an embodiment of the present invention,
Figure BDA0003290070670000054
is 0.2, and the effective gravity acceleration g of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow is calculated and obtainedVortex machineThe ratio of 9.80 multiplied by 0.8 to 7.84m/s2。
Step 5, according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow in the step 4, correcting and calculating the settling velocity of the silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow according to a silt settling theory, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000055
in the formula: omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow; k is a plane vortex water flow area sediment sedimentation rate coefficient; gamma raysActually measuring the volume weight of the sediment; gamma is the actually measured volume weight of the water body; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; d is the actually measured grain diameter of the sediment.
In the embodiment, the actually measured sediment particle diameter D is 0.00015m, and the sedimentation velocity omega of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow is obtained through correction calculationVortex machineIs 0.077 m/s.
Step 6, correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow in the step 4 and the sedimentation velocity obtained by correction calculation in the step 5 and according to a sediment transport capacity theory, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000056
in the formula: s* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; k is a coefficient for calibrating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment in the plane vortex flow area; u is the flow rate of water; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; h is the water depth of the plane vortex flow area; omegaVortex machineAnd (4) settling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow.
In the examples, S* Vortex machineIs 1.76kg/m3。
Step 7, correcting the calculated settling velocity (omega) according to the step 5Vortex machine0.077m/S) and step 6 modifies the calculated silt transport capacity (S)* Vortex machine＝1.76kg/m3) According to the riverbed erosion and deposition deformation theory, the riverbed erosion and deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow is calculated and obtained, and the formula is as follows:
Figure BDA0003290070670000061
in the formula: delta ZVortex machineThe value of the erosion and deposition of the riverbed under the action of the plane vortex water flow; rhobActually measuring the dry volume weight of the riverbed silt; omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow; s is the sediment content of the plane vortex water flow zone calculated by a mathematical model (S is 0.86 kg/m)3)；S* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; Δ t is the calculation time length.
In the examples, the bed silt density ρbThe value is 1200kg/m3Meter for measuring10000s are taken as the calculated time length delta t, and the riverbed erosion and deposition value delta Z under the action of the plane vortex water flow can be calculatedVortex machineIs-0.58 m, i.e. represents a flush value of 0.58 m.
And the erosion value obtained by calculation is about 0.2m by adopting a conventional calculation method, and the actual measurement result is 0.6m, so that the river bed erosion and deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow can be accurately calculated by adopting the calculation method disclosed by the invention, the calculation method is closer to the actual situation, and the calculation precision is very good. Therefore, by using the method for calculating the riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the plane vortex water flow, which is provided by the invention, the riverbed erosion value in the plane vortex water flow area can be quickly and accurately calculated, and a technical support can be provided for comprehensive treatment and protection of a riverway.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of plane vortex water flow is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, collecting channel basic data of riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of planar vortex water flow to be calculated;
step 2, according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and according to a river simulation theory, establishing a plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model;
step 3, calculating the flow velocity distribution, the water depth, the plane vortex flow structure and the sediment transport information of the river channel according to the river channel basic data in the step 1 and the plane two-dimensional or three-dimensional flow sediment movement mathematical model in the step 2;
step 4, according to the calculation result of the step 3, according to the movement stress analysis and the dynamic mechanism of the sediment under the action of vortex and the hydrodynamic motion theory, introducing the lifting force and the corresponding equivalent gravitational acceleration coefficient under the action of the plane vortex water flow, and calculating the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow;
step 5, correcting and calculating the settling velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow in the step 4 and a sediment settling theory;
step 6, correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow according to the effective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex flow in the step 4 and the sedimentation velocity obtained by correction and calculation in the step 5 and according to the sediment transport capacity theory of the sediment;
step 7, calculating and obtaining a riverbed scouring deformation value under the action of the plane vortex water flow according to the sedimentation velocity obtained by correction and calculation in the step 5 and the sediment transport capacity obtained by correction and calculation in the step 6;
and 4, calculating the effective gravity acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003504963540000011
in the formula: gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; g is normal gravitational acceleration;
Figure FDA0003504963540000012
an equivalent gravity acceleration coefficient corresponding to the lifting force of the planar vortex water flow,
Figure FDA0003504963540000013
uωis the vortex velocity, λ is the calibration parameter;
and 5, correcting and calculating the sedimentation velocity of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003504963540000014
in the formula: omegaVortex machinePlanar vortexSettling velocity of silt under the action of water flow; k is a plane vortex water flow area sediment sedimentation rate coefficient; gamma raysActually measuring the volume weight of the sediment; gamma is the actually measured volume weight of the water body; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; d is actually measured sediment particle size;
and 6, correcting and calculating the sediment transport capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003504963540000015
in the formula: s* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; k is a coefficient for calibrating the sediment transport capacity of the sediment in the plane vortex flow area; u is the flow rate of water; gVortex machineEffective gravitational acceleration of the sediment under the action of the plane vortex water flow; h is the water depth of the plane vortex flow area; omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow;
and 7, calculating to obtain a riverbed erosion-deposition value under the action of the plane vortex water flow, wherein the formula is as follows:
Figure FDA0003504963540000021
in the formula: delta ZVortex machineThe value of the erosion and deposition of the riverbed under the action of the plane vortex water flow; rhobActually measuring the dry volume weight of the riverbed silt; omegaVortex machineSettling velocity of silt under the action of the plane vortex water flow; s is the sediment content of the plane vortex water flow zone calculated by the mathematical model; s* Vortex machineThe silt conveying capacity under the action of the plane vortex water flow; Δ t is the calculation time length.
2. The method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the planar vortex water flow according to claim 1, wherein the river channel basic data in the step 1 comprise river channel topographic data and hydrological data;
the hydrological data comprises flow, water level and sand supply process data.
3. The method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the planar vortex water flow according to claim 2, wherein in the step 2, a planar two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement mathematical model is established based on an anisotropic turbulence mode according to the terrain data of a riverway and the river simulation theory.
4. The method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the planar vortex water flow as claimed in claim 3, wherein the formula of the turbulent eddy viscosity coefficient of the anisotropic turbulent flow pattern in the three directions of x, y and z is as follows:
νtx＝cx×kt 2/ε
νty＝cy×kt 2/ε
νtz＝cz×kt 2/ε
in the formula: v istx、νty、νtzTurbulent vortex viscosity coefficients in x, y and z directions respectively; c. Cx、cy、czCalculating coefficients for the turbulence in the x direction, the y direction and the z direction, and calibrating and determining; k is a radical oftIs kt-turbulence kinetic energy calculated by an epsilon turbulence model; epsilon is kt-the turbulence kinetic energy dissipation ratio calculated by the epsilon turbulence model.
5. The method for calculating riverbed erosion and deposition under the action of the planar vortex water flow according to claim 4, wherein in the step 3, the water flow velocity u, the depth h of the planar vortex area, the vortex water flow structure and the vortex velocity u are calculated according to the mathematical model of the planar two-dimensional or three-dimensional water flow sediment movement in the step 2 based on the calculation result of the turbulent vortex viscosity coefficient by taking hydrological data as boundary dataωAnd a sand content S.
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Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
"胶州湾大桥建设前后湾内泥沙冲淤数值模拟";张永强;《应用海洋学学报》;20200831;第39卷(第三期);全文 *
《River bank erosion opposite to transverse groynes》;Alessandra Crosato 等;《https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003013》;20181231;全文 *
岩滩水库泥沙淤积计算数学模型;邓春艳等;《武汉大学学报(工学版)》;20130201(第01期);全文 *

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