CN112257240A - Novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation - Google Patents

Novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation Download PDF

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CN112257240A
CN112257240A CN202011097925.4A CN202011097925A CN112257240A CN 112257240 A CN112257240 A CN 112257240A CN 202011097925 A CN202011097925 A CN 202011097925A CN 112257240 A CN112257240 A CN 112257240A
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typhoon
wind speed
formula
air pressure
field
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孙志林
李宗宇
丁凯旋
向文罡
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The invention provides a novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation, which comprises the following steps: the typhoon air pressure formula, the gradient wind speed formula, the synthesized wind speed formula and the maximum wind speed radius formula construct a novel parameterized typhoon field mode for simulating the storm surge so as to improve the simulation and forecast precision of the storm surge. An air pressure formula is provided according to typhoon profile characteristics, a gradient wind control equation is corrected by considering sea surface resistance, a novel gradient wind field formula is derived, and the relation between the maximum wind speed radius and the central air pressure is established, so that a novel typhoon field parameterization mode is provided, and a calculation method of a typhoon field in typhoon storm surge numerical simulation is improved. The new mode is verified by adopting typhoon profile data, and compared with the famous rattan field-high bridge and Holland modes, the result shows that the typhoon field mode provides the highest wind speed field precision for typhoon storm tide forecast.

Description

Novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine disaster prevention and reduction, and particularly relates to a novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation.
Background
The typhoon storm surge numerical simulation precision is closely related to the typhoon field calculation precision. The calculation method of the typhoon field in the typhoon storm surge simulation is obviously different from the calculation of the typhoon in meteorology. Because the typhoon storm surge influence range is extremely large and the typhoon moving speed is high, a numerical mode cannot be synchronously adopted for the typhoon field and the typhoon storm surge under the prior art, and the parameterized typhoon field mode is required for numerical simulation of the typhoon storm surge.
The parameterized typhoon field is composed of an air pressure field and an air speed field, and the changes of the tide level and the flow speed in storm surge simulation are respectively influenced. In a typhoon influence area, an accurate air pressure field and an accurate air speed field are of great importance for simulating typhoon storm surge with high precision. International parameterized typhoon field modes are most well known as Holland and tayota-high bridge modes, and the national specifications recommend jelesianski mode (J65), and other modes such as v. These modes can describe the air pressure field more accurately, but have some disadvantages, such as that the v.bjerknes mode is not suitable for calculating the air pressure of the typhoon outer layer area, and the takraw-high bridge and Myers modes are difficult to accurately express the air pressure near the typhoon center. Although the Holland mode can accurately describe the air pressure field, the difficulty of mode debugging is increased due to the existence of the scaling parameters a and b. In addition, when a wind speed field is considered, an air pressure formula is generally substituted into a gradient wind equation to obtain the wind speed field in the conventional parameterized typhoon field mode, the modes are often multiplied by coefficients to solve the problem that a resistance term is lacked in the gradient wind equation, and even under the condition that the difference between a simulated air pressure field and an actually measured value is small, the problem that the calculated wind speed is too large still exists, so that the simulation precision of the storm tide flow speed is insufficient, and the wind speed field cannot be well described.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation, aiming at the defects of the prior art. The method utilizes the advantage that the parameterized wind field mode has a simple structure and is easy to calculate, considers the influence of sea surface resistance on the typhoon gradient wind speed, and makes up the defect of low calculation precision of the wind speed field of the conventional parameterized typhoon field mode.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation is characterized in that a novel parameterized typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation is constructed according to the relation among a typhoon air pressure formula, a gradient air speed formula, a synthesized air speed formula, a maximum air speed radius and central air pressure;
providing an air pressure formula according to the typhoon profile characteristics:
Figure BDA0002724363430000011
wherein P is the air pressure at a distance r from the center of the typhoon, PcPressure at the centre of the typhoon, PnThe air pressure is the peripheral air pressure, and R is the mean value of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon.
And (3) correcting a gradient wind equation by considering a sea surface resistance term, and deriving a novel gradient wind speed formula:
Figure BDA0002724363430000021
in the formula, VgIs the gradient wind speed at the position r from the center of the typhoon, upsilon is the air motion viscosity coefficient, and the thickness delta of the bottom layer of the sea surface layer flowa，ρaIs the atmospheric density and f is the Coriolis coefficient.
The composite wind speed formula is obtained by superposing and moving the wind speed according to the gradient wind speed:
Figure BDA0002724363430000022
Figure BDA0002724363430000023
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure BDA0002724363430000024
in order to synthesize the wind speed,
Figure BDA0002724363430000025
the typhoon center moving speed; x is the number of0,y0Is a typhoon center coordinate, and theta is a gradient wind blowing-in angle;
simultaneously, the relation between the maximum wind speed radius and the central air pressure is provided:
Figure BDA0002724363430000026
in the formula, PminAt the lowest central air pressure, RminIs PminAnd k is a calibration parameter corresponding to the maximum wind speed radius mean value.
Further, the typhoon field mode is used for a sea surface shear stress term, an air pressure gradient term and a wave radiation stress term in the storm surge momentum model.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides an exponential typhoon air pressure field formula, corrects a gradient wind equation by considering a sea surface resistance term, derives a novel gradient wind speed formula, further superposes the gradient wind speed formula with a transitional wind speed to obtain a synthesized wind speed, and simultaneously establishes a relation between a maximum wind speed radius and a central air pressure, so that a novel parameterized typhoon field mode required by storm surge simulation is formed, and the simulation and forecast accuracy of the typhoon storm surge is improved. The typhoon air pressure field, the wind speed field and the maximum wind speed radius provided by the invention form a novel parameterized typhoon field mode, and are used for a sea surface shear stress item, an air pressure gradient item and a wave radiation stress item in a storm surge momentum model. The mode is verified by actually measured typhoon speed profile data, and the typhoon field mode is superior to the famous Holland mode and the Tayota-high bridge mode and can be used for high-precision simulation of typhoon storm tidal flow speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of the mean value of the radius of the maximum wind speed of a typhoon versus the central air pressure;
FIG. 2 is a typhoon pressure field diagram of the inventive mode;
FIG. 3 is a typhoon velocity field diagram of the inventive mode;
FIG. 4 is a comparison graph of different wind farm mode calculations.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
The invention relates to a novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation, which comprises the following steps: the typhoon air pressure formula, the gradient wind speed formula, the synthesized wind speed formula and the maximum wind speed radius formula construct a novel parameterized typhoon field mode for simulating the storm surge so as to improve the simulation and forecast precision of the storm surge.
1. According to the funnel-shaped characteristic that the typhoon air pressure section presents a concave center, a simple exponential type air pressure field formula is provided:
Figure BDA0002724363430000031
wherein P is the air pressure at a distance r from the center of the typhoon, PcPressure at the centre of the typhoon, PnThe air pressure is the peripheral air pressure, and R is the mean value of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon. This expression indicates that the relative air pressure (P-Pc)/(Pn-Pc) is in a negative exponential relationship with the reciprocal of the relative distance R/R. When r is 0, i.e. at the center of the typhoon, the right end of the equation tends to be 0, and P is PcAnd when r ∞ is far enough away from the center of the typhoon, the right end of the equation tends to 1, where P ∞ Pn。
2. Gradient wind is the airflow motion of air particles under the action of horizontal air pressure gradient force, Coriolis force and centrifugal force. The traditional mode considers the balance of the three forces as a control equation of a typhoon wind field, and in the actual cyclone motion process, the air particles near the sea surface are influenced by the resistance of the contact surface, namely the roughness of the sea surface has certain influence on the airflow. After sea surface resistance is considered, the balance equation of the four forces, namely a modified gradient wind equation, is as follows:
Figure BDA0002724363430000032
in the formula, VgIs the gradient wind speed at r from the typhoon centre; coefficient of coriolis force
Figure BDA0002724363430000033
Omega is the rotational angular velocity of the earth,
Figure BDA0002724363430000034
calculating the geographic latitude of the point; rhoaThe atmospheric density, g the acceleration of gravity, and the energy slope.
Further, according to the fluid energy slope formula:
Figure BDA0002724363430000035
wherein V is the fluid velocity (m/s), which is the gradient wind velocity Vg；RsThe hydraulic radius of the sea-air interface thin layer is approximately equal to the thickness delta of the bottom layer of the laminar flow on the sea surfacea,δaIs 10-1m magnitude; considering that laminar motion with extremely thin thickness exists near a sea-air interface, and viscous shear stress is dominant, the formula of laminar resistance coefficient lambda is used for reference:
Figure BDA0002724363430000036
in the formula, the air motion viscosity coefficient is shown. The sea surface resistance relationship can be obtained according to the formula (3) and the formula (4):
Figure BDA0002724363430000041
the gradient wind equation, which takes into account sea surface drag, is then:
Figure BDA0002724363430000042
according to the air pressure field formula of the invention, namely, the formula (1) air pressure field is derived and substituted into the formula (6) to obtain a novel gradient wind speed formula:
Figure BDA0002724363430000043
in the formula, 3 upsilon/4 deltaa 2At positive values, addition to the Coriolis force coefficient f reduces the calculated gradient wind speed.
4. The maximum wind speed radius is regarded as a function of the central air pressure of the typhoon, the central air pressure is segmented according to the measured data of the typhoon wind speed and the air pressure field, the maximum wind speed radius of each segment is averaged, and the average value R of the maximum wind speed radius and the central air pressure P shown in figure 1 are obtainedcThe dimensionless relationship of (a):
Figure BDA0002724363430000044
in the formula, PminMeasured for the lowest central air pressure, R, offshore in ChinaminIs PminThe corresponding maximum wind speed radius mean value, k, is a calibration parameter (the offshore reference value of China is 10.5).
5. The typhoon is dragged by the atmosphere to generate a traveling wind speed, and the typhoon wind speed is the vector superposition of the gradient wind speed and the traveling wind speed, so that the wind field is of an asymmetric structure. Speed of movement of typhoon center
Figure BDA0002724363430000045
Based on the measured data. Expressing gradient wind velocity as vector form
Figure BDA0002724363430000046
Figure BDA0002724363430000047
In the formula, Vcx、VcyIs composed of
Figure BDA0002724363430000048
The x-and y-direction components of (a),
Figure BDA0002724363430000049
is a unit vector in the x and y directions; x is the number of0，y0Is the coordinate of the center of the typhoon, and theta is the blowing angle of the gradient wind.
The gradient wind speed provided by the invention and the traveling wind speed of the Shantuwufu wind are superposed to obtain the synthetic typhoon wind speed:
Figure BDA00027243634300000410
the air pressure field and the wind field calculated by using the novel parameterized typhoon mode are shown in the figures 2 and 3. The air pressure field presents a symmetrical funnel shape, the air pressure drops rapidly from outside to inside, and the center is lowest. The wind speed field is in an asymmetric funnel shape, the wind speed is rapidly reduced within the maximum wind speed radius, the wind speed at the center of the typhoon is reduced to the minimum, and the wind speed outside the maximum wind speed radius is rapidly reduced and then slowly reduced. The typhoon field mode of the invention is shown to objectively reflect the changes of the typhoon air pressure field and the typhoon wind speed field.
Comparing the typhoon field mode with the rattan field-high bridge and Holland modes, the result is shown in figure 4, the typhoon air pressure fields calculated by the three modes have good precision, however, the section wind speeds of the rattan field-high bridge and Holland modes are obviously larger than the measured data, and the section wind speed calculated by the mode is in good accordance with the measured data. The reason is that the influences of sea surface resistance on the gradient wind are not considered in the rattan field-high bridge and Holland modes, and the linearized sea surface resistance is considered in the gradient wind field in the typhoon mode, so that the wind speed calculation accuracy is obviously improved.
The wind speed calculated by the typhoon field mode is used for an x direction momentum equation and a y direction momentum equation of a storm surge model:
Figure BDA0002724363430000051
Figure BDA0002724363430000052
in the formula, eta is sea level elevation; h is the total water level; u and v are the average flow rates of x and y to the vertical; rho0Is the density of the water body; sxx、SyyAnd SxyIs the wave radiation stress component; mxAnd MyAre the x and y direction sinks; tau isxx,τxyAnd τyyShear stress for water flow,. tausxAnd τsyFor x and y sea surface wind shear stress, τbxAnd τbyWater bottom shear stress in x and y directions.
In the above equation, the sea surface wind shear stress term, the air pressure gradient term and the wave radiation stress are related to the air pressure and the wind speed calculated by the typhoon field mode, and are channels for the typhoon field to act on the typhoon storm surge momentum model, and the accurate air pressure field and the accurate wind speed field are the key points of the storm surge numerical simulation.

Claims (2)

1. A novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation is characterized in that a novel parameterized typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation is constructed by a typhoon air pressure formula, a gradient air speed formula, a synthesized air speed formula, a relation between a maximum air speed radius and central air pressure and the like.
Providing an air pressure formula according to the typhoon profile characteristics:
Figure FDA0002724363420000011
wherein P is the air pressure at a distance r from the center of the typhoon, PcPressure at the centre of the typhoon, PnThe air pressure is the peripheral air pressure, and R is the mean value of the maximum wind speed radius of the typhoon.
And (3) correcting a gradient wind equation by considering a sea surface resistance term, and deriving a novel gradient wind speed formula:
Figure FDA0002724363420000012
in the formula, VgIs the gradient wind speed at the position r from the center of the typhoon, v is the air motion viscosity coefficient, and the thickness delta of the bottom layer of the sea surface layer flowa，ρaIs the atmospheric density and f is the Coriolis coefficient.
The composite wind speed formula is obtained by superposing and moving the wind speed according to the gradient wind speed:
Figure FDA0002724363420000013
Figure FDA0002724363420000014
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
Figure FDA0002724363420000015
in order to synthesize the wind speed,
Figure FDA0002724363420000016
the typhoon center moving speed; x is the number of0,y0Is the coordinate of the center of the typhoon, and theta is the blowing angle of the gradient wind.
Simultaneously, the relation between the maximum wind speed radius and the central air pressure is provided:
Figure FDA0002724363420000017
in the formula, PminAt the lowest central air pressure, RminIs PminAnd k is a calibration parameter corresponding to the maximum wind speed radius mean value.
2. The novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation according to claim 1, wherein the typhoon field mode is used for a sea surface shear stress term, an air pressure gradient term and a wave radiation stress term in a storm surge momentum model.
CN202011097925.4A 2020-10-14 2020-10-14 Novel typhoon field mode for storm surge simulation Pending CN112257240A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115392073A (en) * 2022-08-09 2022-11-25 湖南国天电子科技有限公司 Construction method of asymmetric tropical cyclone sea surface wind field
CN117556640A (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 河海大学 Storm surge numerical simulation method based on double typhoons interaction

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115392073A (en) * 2022-08-09 2022-11-25 湖南国天电子科技有限公司 Construction method of asymmetric tropical cyclone sea surface wind field
CN117556640A (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-02-13 河海大学 Storm surge numerical simulation method based on double typhoons interaction
CN117556640B (en) * 2024-01-11 2024-03-26 河海大学 Storm surge numerical simulation method based on double typhoons interaction

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