CN112001069A - Method for simulating axial asymmetric typhoon wind field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field, which comprises the following steps: s1, acquiring typhoon activity characteristics, an air pressure field and wind field characteristics before and after typhoon landing; s2, calculating the maximum typhoon wind speed according to the characteristics of the air pressure field and the wind field before and after the typhoon landing, the existing typhoon wind field model and the acquired typhoon key parameter information; s3, modeling the near-shore typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field, and establishing a typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model analyzed along the height; s4, improving the existing typhoon wind field model based on the established axial asymmetric air pressure field model to obtain the offshore typhoon axial asymmetric wind field model capable of better reflecting the actual situation. The invention carries out systematic research on the axial asymmetric air pressure field influencing the nearshore and landing typhoon of the southeast coast of China by a research method combining actual measurement research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, establishes a typhoon axial asymmetric air pressure field model and better reflects the distribution characteristics of the near shore and landing typhoon air pressure field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind engineering, in particular to a method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field.
Background
Typhoon is a strong tropical cyclone generated on the surface of tropical sea, and is extremely destructive. When a typhoon lands, natural disasters such as high wind, heavy rain, storm and the like are easily caused in coastal areas. Therefore, the natural structural characteristics of typhoon and landing typhoon can be reasonably evaluated, and the method is a precondition and basis for wind resistance design, storm surge prediction and typhoon disaster evaluation of the high-rise building structure in the typhoon-prone area.
The existing typhoon wind field models are all built on the basis of typhoon axial symmetry air pressure field models, namely, the isolines of the typhoon air pressure field are considered to be distributed in a concentric circle form. However, studies have shown that typhoon pressure fields exhibit significant axial asymmetry near shore and during landing. Based on radial distribution maps of a plurality of time-by-time air pressure fields (given in a dimensionless form) before and after landing of a plurality of typhoons obtained by actual measurement of a plurality of national-level meteorological sites and results of fitting time-by-time measurement data by adopting the existing axisymmetric model, the fact that the air pressure field results obtained by adopting the axisymmetric model are obviously different from the actual conditions can be known.
Therefore, the prediction error caused by the adoption of the symmetrical air pressure field model in the typhoon numerical prediction inevitably has an error in the prediction of the typhoon field, and further brings great uncertainty influence on the typhoon-resistant practical activity. The existing research results show that 70% of uncertainty in the wind field simulation result is related to two key parameters of the tropical cyclone air pressure field, namely the maximum wind speed radius and the value of Holland-B. Based on the above studies, it is reasonable to assume that the above difference is likely to be related to the characteristic of the asymmetric distribution of the air pressure field axis.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field, which is characterized in that a method combining actual measurement research, theoretical analysis and numerical simulation is used for carrying out system research on axial asymmetric air pressure fields of offshore and landing typhoons, a typhoon axial asymmetric air pressure field model suitable for engineering application and a typhoon wind field model based on the typhoon axial asymmetric air pressure field model are established, a typhoon wind field is subjected to posterior simulation analysis, and the effectiveness of the provided model is verified.
The invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme: a method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field comprises the following steps:
s1, acquiring typhoon activity characteristics, an air pressure field and wind field characteristics before and after typhoon landing according to tropical cyclone meteorological data of the Pacific ocean, measured data and posterior data simulation data, and fitting the posterior data simulation data by using an air pressure field model to acquire typhoon key parameter information;
s2, calculating the maximum typhoon wind speed according to the typhoon wind pressure field and wind field characteristics before and after landing, the typhoon wind field model and the acquired typhoon key parameter information, and comparing the calculation result with the measured data and the typhoon intensity posterior value issued by the meteorological department to obtain the simulation precision of the typhoon wind field model based on the axisymmetric wind pressure field model;
s3, modeling the near-shore typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field, providing a two-dimensional plane model taking a confocal elliptic family as an air pressure field contour distribution form, and determining the long axis direction theta in the two-dimensional plane modelcEstablishing a function relation f (e) between each eccentricity e of the elliptic family and a typhoon air pressure value according to the quantitative relation between the trend of a coastline and the typhoon translation speed, and establishing a typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model according to the height analysis by combining a typhoon axis symmetric air pressure field model according to the height analysis;
s4, improving the typhoon wind field model based on the established typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model to obtain the offshore typhoon axis asymmetric wind field model.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. the invention carries out comparative study on the air pressure field and wind field characteristics of the typhoon at different stages, particularly on key parameters including the maximum wind speed radius, Holland-B and the like based on the actual measurement data of coastal typhoons in the last 20 years and typhoon data obtained by post-inspection, and reveals the difference of the internal structure and characteristics before and after landing of the typhoon.
2. The invention establishes the near-ground axial asymmetric air pressure field model, and establishes the axial asymmetric air pressure field model along the height analysis by combining the established typhoon air pressure field model along the height analysis, thereby better reflecting the distribution characteristics of the typhoon near shore and after landing.
3. The typhoon wind field numerical simulation system improves the existing wind field model based on the typhoon air pressure field model, and carries out typhoon wind field numerical simulation research by combining typhoon key parameters, so that the typhoon wind field numerical simulation system can better reflect the actual measurement results of the typhoon wind field close to the shore and after landing.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a typhoon wind field simulation of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of an axial asymmetric pressure model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a typhoon wind speed in the vertical direction of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows the horizontal direction of the typhoon wind speed of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field in the embodiment mainly includes the following steps:
and step S1, acquiring typhoon activity characteristics, an air pressure field and a wind field characteristics before and after typhoon landing according to tropical cyclone meteorological data of the Pacific ocean, the measured data and posterior data simulation data, and fitting the posterior data simulation data by using an air pressure field model to acquire typhoon key parameter information.
In this embodiment, a large amount of numerical simulation data (actually measured typhoon data affecting the southeast coast in the last 20 years) which are reliably related to the actual measurement of tropical cyclone occurring in the sea area of the pacific ocean in the northwest and which are obtained by the posterior are used to obtain the typhoon activity characteristics (including the translation direction and the speed), particularly the variation difference of the typhoon air pressure field and the typhoon characteristics before and after the typhoon landing. Fitting the data simulation data by using Holland (1980) air pressure field models shown in formulas (1a) and (1B) to obtain numerical values of two key parameters of typhoon RMW and Holland-B, and further obtaining the modeled expression of the typhoon air pressure field based on the existing axisymmetric model.
ΔP0(r)＝P0,ref-P0(r) (1a)
ΔP0(r)＝Pc0+ΔPc0exp[-(rm/r)B] (1b)
Wherein, Δ P0(r) is the difference between the ambient atmospheric pressure and the atmospheric pressure at the typhoon radius r, P0,refIs at ambient atmospheric pressure, P0(r) is the air pressure value at the typhoon radius r, Pc0Is the central air pressure, delta P, of the typhoonc0Is the air pressure difference r between the ambient atmospheric pressure and the typhoon centermIs the maximum wind speed radius, r is the typhoon radius,BIs a constant.
The determined air pressure field mode is used as basic input information, the existing mainstream typhoon wind field model including a slab model and a model proposed by Meng et al (1995,1997) is adopted, the typhoon wind field is subjected to posterior analysis, and a simulation result is compared with an actual measurement result, so that the validity and the precision of the typhoon wind field model simulation result based on the axisymmetric air pressure field model are checked.
And step S2, calculating the maximum typhoon wind speed according to the typhoon wind field characteristics before and after landing, the typhoon wind field model and the acquired typhoon key parameter information such as RMW, beta and the like, and comparing the calculation result with the measured data and the typhoon strength posterior value issued by the meteorological department to obtain the simulation precision of the typhoon wind field model based on the axisymmetric wind pressure field model.
In this embodiment, the typhoon wind field model slab model mainly considers the CE wind field model proposed by Thompson and Cardone (1996), and the control equation is as follows:
wherein
Is the particle derivative;
is the local derivative;
is a convection term;
is a two-dimensional differential operator; p is an air pressure field;
is the vertical average horizontal wind velocity vector within the boundary layer; f is a Coriolis parameter;
a unit vector in the vertical direction; ρ is the average air density; h is the thickness of the boundary layer; cDIs a coefficient of resistance; kHFor the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficient, the calculation equation is as follows:
where Δ x is the grid size, k is a dimensionless constant, and u and v are the x-direction and y-direction velocity components, respectively, in a relatively rectangular coordinate system.
Converting the equation (2) into a motion equation under a rectangular coordinate system with the origin fixedly connected to the center of the typhoon, the pointing east of the x axis being positive, and the pointing north of the y axis being positive, wherein:
wherein v is0And vgoRespectively horizontal wind speed and effective wind speed of the wind, v, relative to the centre of the typhooncIs the moving wind speed at the center of the typhoon. This equation can be resolved analytically into the followingThe scalar equation set of (c):
in the formula:
wherein, Pu、Hu、FuRepresenting the function in the u direction with respect to the air pressure, the horizontal vortex viscosity force and the resistance force, respectively; in the same way, Pv、Hv、FvRepresenting functions in the v direction with respect to air pressure, horizontal vortex viscosity and drag, respectively, and s represents u, v, is a shorthand notation, i.e. HsAre each equal to HuAnd Hv，FsAre respectively equal to FuAnd Fv；PcIs typhoon central air pressure; u. ofg、vgIs the component of the effective turning wind speed in the u, v direction; u. ofc、vcThe velocities of the moving velocity of the typhoon center in the u and v directions, respectively.
Different from the above typhoon wind field model slab model, the typhoon wind field model Meng model has the capability of being resolved along the height, and the vector control equation is as follows:
wherein,
Vgis the gradient wind speed, V' is the ground surface frictional resistance wind speed,
is the ground surface frictional resistance.
Based on the above equations, the following system of scalar control equations is readily available:
wherein P is an air pressure field, KmIs the vortex viscosity, f is the Coriolis parameter, r is the wind speed radius, ρ is the air density, vr、vθThe components of the horizontal wind velocity in the r-direction and the theta-direction, respectively, vrg、vθgComponents of the gradient wind velocity in the r-direction and the theta-direction, respectively, cθ＝-c sin(θ-β)，cθThe moving speed of the typhoon center along the theta direction is shown as theta, the theta is the included angle between the normal east direction and the connecting line of the simulation point and the typhoon center, beta is the included angle between the moving direction of the typhoon center and the normal east direction, and c is the moving speed of the typhoon center.
S3, modeling the near-shore typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field, providing a two-dimensional plane model taking a confocal elliptic family as an air pressure field contour line distribution form, and determining the long axis direction theta in the two-dimensional plane modelcAnd establishing a function relation f (e) between each eccentricity e of the elliptic family and the typhoon air pressure value in relation to the parameters such as the trend of a coastline, the typhoon translation speed and the like, and establishing a typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model in height analysis by combining with a typhoon axis symmetric air pressure field model in height analysis.
In this embodiment, the axial asymmetric air pressure field preliminary model is used as shown in equations (9a) and (9 b). The values of some parameters in the formula are determined based on the analysis of related data. And carrying out comparison analysis on the typical typhoon air pressure field cases, and inspecting the coincidence degree between simulation results corresponding to the established model and the axial symmetry air pressure field simulation and actual measurement data so as to obtain the characteristics and the simulation precision of the two models. And (3) combining the typhoon air pressure field models which are shown in the formulas (10a) - (10e) and are analyzed along the height, and establishing the typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field model which is analyzed along the height.
P*(z)＝P0(1-μz/T0)gM/(Rμ) (10c)
Pv(z)＝Pvs(z)·RH(z) (10d)
Wherein rho (e, theta) is the air density with eccentricity e along the theta direction; e is the eccentricity of each group of ellipses, thetacIs in the direction of the long axis of the ellipse; l is the vector diameter under the rectangular coordinate system; p0Background atmospheric pressure; pc0Is the air pressure in the center of the typhoon; delta Pc0The central air pressure difference; p (z) is a vertical distribution of thermodynamic analysis atmospheric pressure; dz is the constant integral of the integral variable z; z is the altitude; rdFor drying air speciallyDetermining an air pressure constant; t (z) is the vertical distribution of atmospheric latitude temperature; ρ (z) represents the air density at altitude z; p*(z) is the change in atmospheric pressure along the height; mu is the temperature decreasing rate; t is0Average sea surface temperature; g is the acceleration of gravity; m is the molar coefficient of dry air; r is a universal gas constant; pv(z) is the vertical distribution of water vapor pressure; pvs(z) is the vertical distribution of saturated water vapor pressure; RH (z) is the vertical distribution of relative humidity.
And S4, improving the existing typhoon wind field model including a slab model and a wind field model analyzed along the height based on the established typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model to obtain a near-shore typhoon axis asymmetric wind field model capable of better reflecting the actual situation.
In this embodiment, the deviation relation of variables such as the radial distance and the angle of the pressure field model in the polar coordinate and the analytic relation of the deviation relation and other parameters in the wind field model are obtained through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation to obtain the simulation result of the typhoon wind field under the given input parameter. And (3) performing simulation analysis on the typical typhoon wind field by adopting the models before and after improvement, and verifying the effectiveness and superiority of the improved models by comparing with the actually measured data. Specifically, a plane axis asymmetric air pressure field model shown in formula (7) is adopted to improve CE wind field models shown in formulas (5a) - (5b) and (6a) - (6 c); and the Meng model is improved by adopting an asymmetric air pressure field model along a height analysis axis shown in formulas (9a) - (9b) and (10a) - (10 e). For the improved CE wind field model, selecting surface wind field data recorded by national weather stations and surface stations of hong Kong regions in Guangdong province to verify the simulation effectiveness and precision; and for the improved Meng model, selecting the actual measurement data of the high-altitude detection balloon in hong Kong to verify the simulation effectiveness and precision.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon wind field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, acquiring typhoon activity characteristics, an air pressure field and wind field characteristics before and after typhoon landing according to tropical cyclone meteorological data of the Pacific ocean, measured data and posterior data simulation data, and fitting the posterior data simulation data by using an air pressure field model to acquire typhoon key parameter information;
s2, calculating the maximum typhoon wind speed according to the typhoon wind pressure field and wind field characteristics before and after landing, the typhoon wind field model and the acquired typhoon key parameter information, and comparing the calculation result with the measured data and the typhoon intensity posterior value issued by the meteorological department to obtain the simulation precision of the typhoon wind field model based on the axisymmetric wind pressure field model;
s3, modeling the near-shore typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field, providing a two-dimensional plane model taking a confocal elliptic family as an air pressure field contour distribution form, and determining the long axis direction theta in the two-dimensional plane modelcEstablishing a function relation f (e) between each eccentricity e of the elliptic family and a typhoon air pressure value according to the quantitative relation between the trend of a coastline and the typhoon translation speed, and establishing a typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model according to the height analysis by combining a typhoon axis symmetric air pressure field model according to the height analysis;
s4, improving the typhoon wind field model based on the established typhoon axis asymmetric air pressure field three-dimensional model to obtain the offshore typhoon axis asymmetric wind field model.
2. The method of axial asymmetric typhoon field simulation according to claim 1, wherein the typhoon field models comprise a slab model and a Meng model.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the slab model is a CE wind field model, and a control equation of the slab model is as follows:
wherein
Is the particle derivative;
is the local derivative;
is a convection term;
is a two-dimensional differential operator; p is an air pressure field;
is the vertical average horizontal wind velocity vector within the boundary layer; f is a Coriolis parameter;
a unit vector in the vertical direction; ρ is the average air density; h is the thickness of the boundary layer; cDIs a coefficient of resistance; kHFor the horizontal vortex viscosity coefficient, the calculation equation is as follows:
where Δ x is the grid size, k is a dimensionless constant, and u and v are the x-direction and y-direction velocity components, respectively, in a relatively rectangular coordinate system.
4. The method for simulating the axial asymmetric typhoon wind field according to claim 3, wherein the equation (2) is converted into a motion equation under a rectangular coordinate system with an origin fixed to the center of the typhoon, a positive east-pointing direction of the x-axis and a positive north-pointing direction of the y-axis, wherein the motion equation is as follows:
wherein v is0And vgoRespectively horizontal wind speed and effective wind speed of the wind, v, relative to the centre of the typhooncIs the moving wind speed at the center of the typhoon; equation (4) is resolved by analysis into the following system of scalar equations:
in the formula:
wherein, Pu、Hu、FuRepresenting the function in the u direction with respect to the air pressure, the horizontal vortex viscosity force and the resistance force, respectively; in the same way, Pv、Hv、FvRepresenting functions in the v direction with respect to air pressure, horizontal vortex viscosity and drag, respectively, and s represents u, v, is a shorthand notation, i.e. HsAre each equal to HuAnd Hv，FsAre respectively equal to FuAnd Fv；PcIs typhoon central air pressure; u. ofg、vgIs effectively transferred toThe component of the wind speed in the u and v directions; u. ofc、vcThe velocities of the moving velocity of the typhoon center in the u and v directions, respectively.
5. The method for simulating the axial asymmetric typhoon field according to claim 2, wherein the Meng model has the capability of being resolved along the height, and the vector control equation is as follows:
wherein,
Vgis the gradient wind speed, V' is the ground surface frictional resistance wind speed,
is the ground surface frictional resistance.
6. The method for simulating an axial asymmetric typhoon field according to claim 5, wherein the vector control equations are used to obtain the following scalar control equation sets:
wherein P is an air pressure field, KmIs the vortex viscosity, f is the Coriolis parameter, r is the wind speed radius, ρ is the air density, vr、vθThe components of the horizontal wind velocity in the r-direction and the theta-direction, respectively, vrg、vθgComponents of the gradient wind velocity in the r-direction and the theta-direction, respectively, cθ＝-csin(θ-β)，cθThe moving speed of the typhoon center along the theta direction is shown as theta, the theta is the included angle between the normal east direction and the connecting line of the simulation point and the typhoon center, beta is the included angle between the moving direction of the typhoon center and the normal east direction, and c is the moving speed of the typhoon center.
7. The method for simulating the axial asymmetric typhoon wind field according to claim 1, wherein the axial asymmetric air pressure field model is established as shown in formulas (9a) and (9b) in combination with the height-resolved typhoon air pressure field model shown in formulas (10 a-e):
P*(z)＝P0(1-μz/T0)gM/(Rμ) (10c)
Pv(z)＝Pvs(z)·RH(z) (10d)
wherein rho (e, theta) is the air density with eccentricity e along the theta direction; e eccentricity of each group of ellipses, thetacThe direction of the long axis of the ellipse; l is the vector diameter under the rectangular coordinate system; p0Background atmospheric pressure; pc0Is the air pressure in the center of the typhoon; delta Pc0The central air pressure difference; p (z) is a vertical distribution of thermodynamic analysis atmospheric pressure; dz is the constant integral of the integral variable z; z is the altitude; rdA specific air pressure constant for dry air; t (z) is the vertical distribution of atmospheric latitude temperature; ρ (z) represents the air density at altitude z; p*(z) is the change in atmospheric pressure along the height; mu is the temperature decreasing rate; t is0Average sea surface temperature; g is the acceleration of gravity; m is the molar coefficient of dry air; r is a universal gas constant; pv(z) is the vertical distribution of water vapor pressure; pvs(z) is the vertical distribution of saturated water vapor pressure; RH (z) is the vertical distribution of relative humidity.
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| 谢汝强;李利孝;王艳华;方达宪;: "广东省台风数值模拟与危险性分析", 安徽建筑大学学报 * |
| 高钦钦;朱建荣;端义宏;孙明华;: "对称和非对称台风对东海南海风暴潮影响比较", 华东师范大学学报(自然科学版) * |
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| CN113468773A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-10-01 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Global table wind wave numerical simulation method and system |
| CN113468773B (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2023-02-03 | 交通运输部天津水运工程科学研究所 | Global table storm numerical simulation method and system |
| CN115082788A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-09-20 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Air pressure center identification method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115082788B (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2023-03-21 | 中科三清科技有限公司 | Air pressure center identification method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN115392073A (en) * | 2022-08-09 | 2022-11-25 | 湖南国天电子科技有限公司 | Construction method of asymmetric tropical cyclone sea surface wind field |
| CN116151085A (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-05-23 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Power plant water intake entrainment rate calculation method under combined action of storm tide and astronomical tide |
| CN116151085B (en) * | 2023-02-22 | 2023-08-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Power plant water intake entrainment rate calculation method under combined action of storm tide and astronomical tide |
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