AU2020102630A4 - Method for acquiring roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow conditions - Google Patents
Method for acquiring roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
N The embodiment of the present application provides a method for acquiring the
roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition, includes:
determining the type of the target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the
0 target river reach and the situation of water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed;
acquiring respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target
river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness
N of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the
auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach. In the method for acquiring the roughness
N of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition provided by the embodiment
N of the application, the type of the target river reach is determined according to the
sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water-blocking obstacles
on the riverbed; and the roughness of the target river reach is acquired according to the
type of the target river reach, the flow resistance constitution of the type of river channel
and the principle of mechanical equilibrium and thus the accuracy of the roughness for
the river channel acquired under gradually-varied flow condition can be improved.
Furthermore, due to the reduction of the heavy hydraulic tentative calculations, it is
simpler, more efficient and less time-consuming to acquire the roughness of river
channels under gradually-varied flow condition.
Description
[0001] The present application claims priority to Chinese application No. 201911060195.8 filed on November 1, 2019, entitled "Method for Acquiring Roughness of River Channels under Gradually-Varied Flow Conditions", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
o FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY
N[ 0002] The application relates to the technical field of water conservancy, and more N specifically, to a method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually varied flow conditions.
[0003] The famous Manning' s equation is widely used in water conservancy project. The expression of Manning' s equation is V=(1/n)R2 /3 Si/2 , where Vis cross-sectional average flow velocity, R is hydraulic radius, S is bed slope, and n is roughness.
[0004] Roughness, also referred to as Manning's coefficient or roughness coefficient, is a combined characterization of the roughness degree and irregularity of the wetting interface in river channels, and also an integrated parameter reflecting the influence of river channel on flow resistance.
[0005] Manning' s equation is derived under the flow state of uniform steady open channel flow. In hydraulic calculations, the flow in a natural open river channel which is closer to a uniform flow, such as wide and shallow rivers with gentle slopes, the rivers with simple bed and banks, etc. is often approximated as uniform flow. However, the natural rivers are sinuous, and have varied cross-section shapes and uneven river beds, which make the water depth and flow velocity continuously varying along the way and maintenance of uniform flow condition scarcely possible. Therefore, gradually-varied flow is the common regime of flows in natural river channels, and thus the water surface slope cannot be directly substituted into Manning' s equation for hydraulic calculations. Further consideration on the influence caused by frictional and local head losses is therefore necessary.
[0006] The traditional Manning's equation or modified and improved equations for
Manning's coefficient have narrow application ranges and cannot be widely used as it N is too empirical, or it is very difficult to acquire the parameters involved in the equations.
Although n-value tables were tabulated in various hydraulic books and handbooks according to long-term engineering practice experience and experimental data, which can be used for reference in determining the roughness, an insurmountable fact is that the basis of Manning's equation is uniform steady open channel flow and the en mechanical equilibrium between the gravity component FG of a fluid differential unit N and the river channel resistance FB. In a complex river channel, the water-blocking obstacles provide an additional flow resistance Fv, and at the same time, the flow N condition will change accordingly. If the condition of gradually-varied flow is added, N the accelerating force FA will be produced in the motion of fluid differential units. Then, the mechanical equilibrium will be changed to FG=FB+F+FA. However, if the traditional Manning's equation is used to calculate directly, the resistance and accelerating force of the water-blocking obstacles will be ignored and the Manning's coefficient acquired by looking up the table may have deviation. Even if the empirical values of Manning's coefficients under the compound conditions of different riverbed conditions and water-blocking obstacles are acquired through a large number of experiments to form more perfect reference tables for Manning's coefficient, it cannot solve the problem that the accelerating force is ignored. Therefore, a lot of hydraulic tentative calculations are needed to select the appropriate value of Manning's coefficients in the current hydraulic calculations. At present, a reference value of roughness is acquired by looking up the table, according to the riverbed conditions, and then the roughness of the target river reach is finally determined through a large number of water conservancy tentative calculations and calibrations with the measured water level.
[0007] Therefore, the roughness acquired by the existing technology under gradually varied flow condition has insufficient accuracy, and the applicability is not strong. As the hydraulic tentative calculations are very heavy, the steps to acquiring the roughness are relatively complex and time-consuming, which results in the large error of various water conservancy calculation results based on Manning's equation.
[0008] The embodiment of the application provides a method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition, for solving or at least partially solving the defect of insufficient accuracy of the river channel roughness N under the gradually-varied flow condition in the prior art.
[0009] The embodiment of the present application provides a method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition, which includes:
[0010] determining the type of a target river reach according to its sinuous degree and the situation of water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed;
[0011] acquiring respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach, according to the type of the target river reach; and
O [0012] acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients.
[0013] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients according to the type of the target river reach specifically includes:
[0014] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring a roughness component of vegetation and a roughness component of channel boundary of the target river reach, as well as a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient.
[0015] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients according to the type of the target river reach specifically includes:
[0016] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach and a correction coefficient.
[0017] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients according to the type of the target river reach specifically includes:
[0018] when the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness component of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach and a correction coefficient.
[0019] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients specifically includes:
[0020] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, then acquiring a weighted sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation and channel boundary of the
target river reach according to the obtained roughness components and the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient; and
N [0021] square rooting the weighted sum of squares to acquire the roughness of the
target river reach.
[0022] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients specifically includes:
[0023] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, then acquiring a weighted sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach; and
[0024] square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to acquire the roughness of the target river reach.
[0025] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients specifically includes:
[0026] when the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, the a weighted acquiring the sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach; and
[0027] square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to acquire the roughness of the target river reach.
[0028] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient specifically Nl includes:
[0029] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the proportions of the basal area covered and not covered by vegetation in the target river reach; and
[0030] acquiring the first weight coefficient according to the proportion of basal area not covered by vegetation in the target river reach, and the second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area covered and not covered by vegetation in C) the target river reach.
N [0031] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient specifically includes:
[0032] when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the proportions of the basal area covered and not covered by vegetation in the target river reach and a relative submergence degree; and
[0033] acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, according to the proportions of the basal area covered by vegetation in the target river reach and the relative submergence degree.
[0034] According to one embodiment of the present application, the detailed steps of acquiring the correction coefficient includes:
[0035] acquiring the total resistance reference areas of the roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid of the target river reach; and
[0036] acquiring the correction coefficient according to the total resistance reference areas of the roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid of the target river reach.
[0037] In the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually varied flow condition provided by the embodiment of the application, the type of the target river reach is determined according to its sinuous degree and the situation of water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed. The roughness of the target river reach is acquired according to the type of the target river reach, theflow resistance constitution of this type of river channel and the principle of mechanical equilibrium, and the accuracy of the roughness for the river channel under gradually-varied flow condition can therefore be improved. Furthermore, due to the reduction of the heavy hydraulic tentative calculations, it is simpler, more efficient and less time-consuming to acquire the roughness of a river channel under gradually-varied flow condition.
[0038] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiment of the application or the technical solution in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiment or the description of the prior art are briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following descriptions are some embodiments of the application. For those skilled in the art, other accompanying drawings from these accompanying drawings can be acquired without paying creative labors.
[0039] Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition according to an embodiment of the present application;
[0040] Fig. 2 is a structural diagram showing a device for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition according to an embodiment of the present application; and
[0041] Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of the electronic apparatus provided, according to the embodiment of the present application.
[0042] In order to illustrate the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the application more clearly, the technical solution in the embodiments of the application will be described clearly and completely with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, rather than all the embodiments, the described embodiment is a part of the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments of the application, all the other embodiments acquired by those skilled in the art without paying creative labor belong to the protection scope of the application.
[0043] In order to overcome the problems above in the prior art, the embodiment of the application provides a method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under o gradually-varied flow condition. The inventive concept includes, dividing the target N river reach into different types according to the its water-blocking situation, acquiring the respective components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness based on the mechanical equilibrium of each type of river reach and the elements affecting the roughness, and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the obtained respective components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness. The roughness en can be calculated with a high precision while the heavy tentative calculations in N hydraulic calculations is reduced.
o [0044] Fig. 1 is the schematic flow diagram of the method for acquiring the roughness o of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition according to the embodiment N of the application. As shown in Fig. 1, the method includes: step S101, determining the
type of a target river reach according to its sinuous degree and the situation of water blocking obstacles on a riverbed.
[0045] It should be noted that, the method for acquiring the river channel roughness provided by the embodiment of the application is applicable to the river channel under gradually-varied flow condition. Therefore, in the embodiment of the application, the target river reach can be any river reach under gradually-varied flow condition.
[0046] It can be understood that, no matter what type of river channel, there are solid boundaries which will produce resistance to the flow. Rigid plants and stones on the riverbed will also produce additional resistance to the flow. Different sinuous conditions of the river reach will also produce different resistances to the flow. Generally, the resistance to the flow due to sinuosity does not exist in the straight river channels without sinuosity; while the resistance to the flow due to sinuosity exists in the sinuous river channels.
[0047] Rigid plants and stones are water-blocking obstacles.
[0048] Different river reaches have different sinuous conditions and water-blocking obstacles, resulting in different influences on the flow resistance, different constitutions of roughness and therefore flow resistance. According to the sinuous condition of the river reach and the situation of the water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed, the river reach may be divided into different types, and the roughness can then be acquired respectively.
[0049] Specifically, by acquiring the sinuous condition of the target river reach and N the situation of the water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed, the type of the target river
reach is determined.
[0050] Step S102: according to the determined type of the target river reach, acquiring respective components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness of the target river reach.
[0051] It can be understood that, the types of the target river reaches are different, the constitutions of roughness and therefore flow resistance are different. Therefore, the respective components of roughness are acquired according to the constitutions of flow resistance and the principle of mechanical equilibrium.
N [0052] The roughness component of channel boundary of the river channel may be acquired according to the flow resistance induced by channel boundary; the roughness component of vegetation may be acquired according to the flow resistance of the rigid plants; the roughness component of stones is acquired according to the flow resistance of the stones; and the roughness component of sinuosity is acquired according to the flow resistance of the sinuosity of the river reach.
[0053] Since vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity all have impacts on flow resistance, they are therefore regarded as roughness elements.
[0054] According to their differences, the influence degrees of different roughness elements on the flow resistance can be acquired based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium and the auxiliary coefficients can further be acquired.
[0055] Step S103: acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness.
[0056] Specifically, based on the roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach, the influence degree of the roughness elements on flow resistance may act on the corresponding components of roughness, and thus the roughness of the target river reach is acquired.
[0057] The embodiment of the application determines the type of the target river reach, according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water blocking obstacles on the riverbed. According to the type of the target river reach, the flow resistance constitution of the type of river channel and the mechanical equilibrium principle, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired. The accuracy of the o acquired roughness of the river channel under gradually-varied flow condition can be N improved. Furthermore, due to the reduction of the heavy hydraulic tentative calculations, it is simpler, more efficient and less time-consuming to acquire the roughness of a river channel under gradually-varied flow condition.
[0058] Based on the above-mentioned embodiment, acquiring the respective o components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness for the target river reach specificallyincludes according to the type of the target river reach: if the type of the o target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only o unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, then acquiring the roughness components o of vegetation and channel boundary, as well as a first weight coefficient and a second Nl weight coefficient.
[0059] Specifically, the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation refers to a straight river channel without sinuosity and only containing unsubmerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel neither contains unsubmerged rigid vegetation, nor contains stones affecting the smoothness of riverbed.
[0060] The gradually-varied flow channel containing only submerged rigid vegetation refers to a straight river channel without sinuosity, and only containing the submerged rigid vegetation. This type of channel neither contains submerged rigid vegetation, nor contains stones affecting the smoothness of riverbed.
[0061] For both above-mentioned types of the target river reach, the flow resistance is mainly composed of a resistance caused by channel boundary and a resistance caused by rigid vegetation.
[0062] According to the flow resistance of channel boundary, the relevant roughness component can be acquired. For the steady and uniform flow in an open channel, only the flow resistance of channel boundary exists. Therefore, the roughness component of channel boundary can be acquired by the common look-up method. And the roughness acquired by looking up the common roughness coefficient table for river channel is used as the roughness component of channel boundary. The common roughness coefficient table for river channel is the roughness coefficient table of natural river channels compiled by Holton from the United States.
[0063] According to the principle of mechanical equilibrium, the flow resistance caused by rigid vegetation is acquired; and according to the flow resistance caused by N rigid vegetation, the roughness component of vegetation may be acquired through a pre-constructed model.
[0064] The pre-constructed model is constructed based on the existing empirical equations or calibrated by experiments.
[0065] For the two types of target river reach above, the auxiliary coefficients include the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient.
[0066] Due to the different contributions of vegetation and channel boundary to the flow resistance, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient may be N acquired according to the coverage of rigid vegetation on the riverbed of the target river reach.
[0067] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness components of vegetation and channel boundary of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are acquired for the straight gradually varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation. Based on the roughness components of the vegetation and channel boundary, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0068] Based on the embodiment above, according to the type of the target river reach, the detailed steps acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach, as well as a correction coefficient.
[0069] Specifically, the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a straight river channel without sinuosity and containing unsubmerged rigid vegetation and stones. This type of river channel contains no submerged rigid vegetation.
[0070] For the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the constitution of flow resistance includes the resistance caused by stones besides those caused by channel boundary and rigid vegetation. Therefore, the N flow resistance caused by stones may be acquired according to the principle of mechanical equilibrium; and the roughness component of stones may be acquired according to the flow resistance caused by stones.
[0071] Since there is no generally accepted coefficient table or empirical equation for o acquiring the roughness component of stones, the roughness component of stones may be calibrated by simulating the situation of the target river reach through glass flume o experiments.
[0072] For this type of target river reach, the auxiliary coefficients include a correction coefficient.
[0073] For the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the water-blocking obstacles contained therein are relatively complex. Therefore, the total flow resistance caused by respective roughness elements is mapped to the total resistance reference area; and the correction coefficient is acquired according to the total resistance reference area.
[0074] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones, as well as the correction coefficient are acquired for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles. Based on the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, and stones, as well as the correction coefficient, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0075] Based on above-mentioned embodiment, the detailed steps of acquiring the respective roughness component and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach, as well as a correction coefficient.
[0076] Specifically, a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles refers to a sinuous channel containing unsubmerged rigid vegetation and stones. This type of river channel contains no submerged rigid N vegetation.
[0077] For the sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the flow resistance constitution includes the resistance caused by sinuosity of the river channel besides the resistance caused by channel boundary, rigid vegetation and stones. Therefore, the roughness component of sinuosity may be acquired according to the sinuosity of the target river reach.
[0078] The sinuosity can be reflected by the number of sinuousness and the curvature of each sinuousness. Therefore, the roughness component of sinuosity may be acquired according to the number of sinuousness and the curvature of each sinuousness in the target river reach.
[0079] Since there is no generally accepted coefficient table or empirical equation for acquiring the roughness component of sinuosity, the roughness component of sinuosity is calibrated by simulating the situation of the target river reach through the glass flume experiments.
[0080] For this type of the target river reach, the auxiliary coefficients include a correction coefficient.
[0081] For the sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the water-blocking obstacles are relatively complex. Therefore, the total flow resistance caused by respective roughness elements may be mapped to the total resistance reference area; and the correction coefficient is acquired according to the total resistance reference area.
[0082] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness component of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach, as well as the correction coefficient are acquired for the sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles. And the roughness of the targeted river channel can be acquired based on the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity, as well as the correction coefficient. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0083] Based on the above embodiment, the detailed steps of acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, then, according to the roughness components of vegetation and channel boundary of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, acquiring the weighted sum squares of the roughness components and acquiring the roughness of the target river en reach by square rooting the weighted sum of squares.
[0084] Specifically, n2 = an' +#Jn, and thus n = an + pn.
[0085] Wherein n is the roughness; n is the roughness component of vegetation; n is the roughness component of channel boundary; a and P represent the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient, respectively.
[0086] Accordingly, Manning's equation is modified as V= (1/ an + 3n )RmJ"
[0087] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness components of vegetation and channel boundary, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient of the target river reach are acquired for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation. The roughness of the target river reach is acquired based on the roughness components and the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0088] Based on the above embodiment, acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness of the target river reach specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach by square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient.
[0089] Specifically, n 2 = (n + +n ) , and thus n= n + +ns).
[0090] Wherein n is the roughness; n is the roughness component of vegetation; n is the roughness coefficient component of channel boundary, ns is the roughness component of stones; and is the correction coefficient.
[0091] Accordingly, Manning's equation is modified as NV (1/ ((nn, +n +n))RmJm
[0092] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones, as well as the correction coefficient of the target river reach are acquired for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles. Then, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired based on the roughness components of vegetation, channel and stones, as well as the correction coefficient. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0093] Based on the above embodiment, acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the components and auxiliary coefficients of roughness of the target river reach specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach by square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient.
[0094] Specifically, n 2 = n +n +(n +n'), andthusn=V((n +n +n2 +n2)
[0095] Wherein n is the roughness; n, is the roughness of vegetation; no is the roughness coefficient of side walls of the river channel; ns is the roughness of stones; nm is the roughness of sinuosity; is the correction coefficient.
[0096] Accordingly, Manning's equation is modified as 2 V=(1/ (n/ +n +2 n+n))R
[0097] Based on the embodiment of the application, the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach, as well as the correction coefficient are acquired for the sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles. The roughness of the target river reach is acquired based on the roughness components and the correction coefficient. The steps are simpler, more convenient, and the accuracy of the roughness acquired is higher.
[0098] Based on the above embodiment, the detailed steps of acquiring the first weight coefficient and second weight coefficient specifically includes if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged N rigid vegetation, acquiring a proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and a proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach.
[0099] Specifically, for a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation, the basal area covered by vegetation refers to the total area of the riverbed covered by unsubmerged rigid vegetation; the basal area not covered by vegetation refers to the total area of the riverbed not covered by unsubmerged rigid vegetation.
[00100] It can be understood that the sum of the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach is 1 for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation.
[00101] The first weight coefficient is acquired according to the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach, and the second weight coefficient is acquired according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach.
[00102] Specifically, for a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation, the equations for calculating the first weight coefficient a and the second weight coefficient pare as follows
[00103] a=1/r
[00104] #=(1-cpr,)I/r
[00105] Wherein rb is the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation; r, is the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation; and rp=B/(B+2h) is the ratio of a river width to a wetted perimeter, which represents the form of the cross-section of the river.
[00106] Based on the embodiment of the application, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are acquired according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative degree of the resistance caused by channel boundary and the rigid vegetation can be more accurately reflected, so as to acquire the roughness with higher precision.
[00107] Based on the above embodiment, the detailed steps of acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient specifically includes: if the type of the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree of the target river reach.
[00108] Specifically, for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only submerged rigid vegetation, the basal area covered by vegetation refers to the total area
covered by submerged rigid vegetation on the riverbed of the target river reach.
[00109] The equation for calculating the relative submergence degree Sr is Sr=h/H.
N [00110] Wherein h is the water depth of the target river reach and H, is the average above ground height of the rigid submerged vegetation.
[00111] The first weight coefficient and second weight coefficient are acquired according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree.
[00112] Specifically, for the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing submerged rigid vegetation, the equation for calculating the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are respectively
[00113]a'1/(1-r/S)
[00114] #'-(1-pr ) /(1- r / S,)
[00115] Wherein rvis the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation; Sr is the relative submergence degree; and p=B/(B+2h) is the ratio of the river width to the wetted perimeter, which represents the form of the cross-section of the river channel.
[00116] Based on the embodiment of the application, the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient are acquired according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree. The relative degree of the resistance caused by channel boundary and the rigid vegetation can be more accurately reflected, so as to acquire the roughness with higher precision.
[00117] Based on the above embodiment, the detailed steps of acquiring the correction coefficient specifically includes: acquiring the total resistance reference area of the roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid within the target river reach.
[00118] Specifically, the average hydraulic radius R and the volume of fluid within the river reach Vo are acquired by the common method.
[00119] For the straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the roughness elements include vegetation, channel boundary and stones. The equation for calculating the total resistance reference area of the roughness elements is as follows
5[00120 A=A,, +
O [00121] Where A, is the resistance reference area of the vegetation; At is the resistance reference area of the channel boundary; and As is the resistance reference area of the stones.
[00122] For the sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water blocking obstacles, the roughness elements include vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity. The equation for calculating the total resistance reference area A of the roughness elements is as follow
[00123] A = A,+ A5+ A A. m+
[00124] Wherein A, is the resistance reference area of vegetation; At is the resistance reference area of channel boundary; As is the resistance reference area of stones; and Am is the resistance reference area of sinuosity.
[00125] The equation for calculating the resistance reference area A, of vegetation is
[001261 A, =AdhBl
[00127] Wherein, is the vegetation density; d is the average vegetation stem diameter; I is the length of the target river reach; B is the width of the target river reach.
[00128] The equation for calculating the resistance reference area At of channel boundary is as follows ABlzrd 2
[00129] A=(B+2h)l- 4 -AYBlcs,(1-S')(d) 2
[00130] Wherein B is the width of the target river reach; I is the length of the target river reach; h is the water depth of the target river reach; d is the average vegetation stem diameter; 2'is the number density of stones; sr is the average submergence o degree of stones; and dis the average particle size of stones.
[00131] The equation for calculating the average submergence degree of stone is S k Id'.
[00132] Wherein hs is the average relative submergence depth of stone.
[00133] The equation for calculating the resistance reference area As of the stone is "0 10134
[00134] AA, ABlic(d') 2
[00135] Wherein B is the width of the target river reach; I is the length of the target N river reach; A'is the number density of stones; and d is the average particle size of Nl stones.
[00136] The equation for calculating the resistance reference area A,n of sinuosity is
1001371 (1- cos(IK / 2))h K
[00138] Wherein is the length of the target river reach, h is the depth of the target river reach, and K is the average curvature of each sinuousness of the targeted river channel.
[00139] The correction coefficient is acquired according to the total resistance reference area of the roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid within the target river reach.
[00140] Specifically, for a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles and a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, the equation for calculating correction coefficient is
[00141] =AR / V
[00142] Wherein A is the total resistance reference area of roughness elements, Voa is the volume of fluid within the river reach, and R is the average hydraulic radius.
[001431 According to the total resistance reference area of roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid within the river reach, the correction coefficient is acquired. A more accurate correction coefficient can be acquired, so that the roughness with a higher accuracy can be acquired based on the correction o coefficient and respective roughness components of the target river reach.
[00144] Fig. 2 shows the structural diagram showing a device for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition according to the embodiment of the application. Based on the above embodiments, as shown in Fig. 2, the device includes a type determiner 201, a component acquirer 202 and a roughness
o acquirer 203, wherein:
[001451 the type determiner 201 is configured to determine the type of the target river reach, according to the sinuous situation and the situation of water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed of a target river reach;
N [00146] the component acquirer 202 is configured to acquire respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach, according to the type of the target river reach; and
[001471 the roughness acquirer 203 is used to acquire the roughness of the target river reach according to respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach.
[001481 Specifically, the type determiner 201 acquires the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed, by which the type pf the target river reach can be determined.
[001491 The component acquirer 202 can acquire the roughness components of channel boundary, vegetation, stones and sinuosity according to the flow resistance provided by them, respectively.
[001501 The component acquirer 202 can acquire the influence degree of different roughness elements on the flow resistance based on the principle of mechanical equilibrium, and then acquire the auxiliary coefficients according to the influence degree of each roughness element on the flow resistance.
[00151] The roughness acquirer 203 can act the influence degree of the roughness elements on the flow resistance to the corresponding roughness component, and acquire the roughness of the target river reach based on the respective roughness components and the respective auxiliary coefficients.
[00152] The device provided by the embodiment of the application is configured to implement the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually N varied flow condition provided by the above-mentioned embodiments of the application. The specific method and process of each element included in the device for realizing the corresponding functions are shown in the embodiments of the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition and will not be repeated here.
[00153] The device is used for the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels o under gradually-varied flow condition in the above embodiments. Therefore, the o description and definition in the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels o under gradually-varied flow condition in the above-mentioned embodiments are also applicable to the understandings of each execution module in the embodiment of the application.
[00154] The embodiment of the application determines the type of the target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water blocking obstacles on the riverbed. According to the type of the target river reach, the flow resistance constitution of the type of river channel and the mechanical equilibrium principle, the roughness of the target river reach is acquired. The accuracy of the roughness of the river channel under gradually-varied flow condition can be improved. Furthermore, due to the reduction of the heavy hydraulic tentative calculations, the steps to acquire the roughness of a river channel under gradually-varied flow condition are simpler, more efficient and less time-consuming.
[00155] Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a solid structure of the electronic apparatus according to the embodiments of the present application. Based on the above embodiments, as shown in Fig. 3, the electronic apparatus may include: processor 301, memory 302 and bus 303; wherein the processor 301 and memory 302 fulfil mutual communication through bus 303. Processor 301 is configured to call computer program instructions that are stored in the memory 302 and can run on processor 301 to execute the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition provided in the embodiments, for example, including: determining the type of the target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed; acquiring respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficient of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients.
[00156] Another embodiment of the application discloses a computer program product. The product includes a computer program stored in a non-transient computer readable storage medium. The computer program includes program instructions. When the program instructions are executed by the computer, the computer can execute the method for acquiring the roughness of the river channel under gradually-varied flow condition provided by the above-mentioned embodiments, for example, including:
C) determining the type of the target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the water-blocking obstacles on the riverbed;
acquiring respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients.
[00157] In addition, the logic instructions in the memory 302 described above can be implemented in the form of software function units and can be stored in a computer readable storage medium when being sold or used as an independent product. The embodiment of the application can be embodied in the form of a computer software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes a number of instructions to enable a computer device (for example, a personal computer, a server, or a network device, and the like) to perform all or part of the steps of each embodiment of the application. The above-mentioned storage media includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program code.
[00158] Another embodiment of the application provides a non-transient computer readable storage medium. The non-transient computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions, and the computer instructions causes the computer to execute the method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition provided by the above-mentioned method embodiment, for example, including: determining the type of the target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of the blocking obstacles on the riverbed; acquiring respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach; and acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients.
[00159] The device embodiment described above is only schematic. The units described therein as separate components may or may not be physically separated. The component displayed as a unit may be or may not be a physical unit. That is, it may be located in one place or distributed over multiple network units. Some or all modules can be selected according to the actual needs to realize the objective of the embodiment. Based on this application, those skilled in the art can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.
C [00160] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled C) in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be realized by means of software and necessary general hardware platform, and of course, it can also be realized through hardware. The present application can be embodied in the form of computer software products. The computer software products can be stored in computer-readable storage media, such as ROM/RAM, disk, optical disk, etc., including several instructions to make a computer device (can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) execute each above-mentioned embodiment or some methods of some parts of the embodiments.
[00161] Finally, it should be noticed that: the above embodiments are only configured to illustrate the technical solutions of the application, rather than to limit them. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above-mentioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modification still can be made to the technical solutions recorded in the above mentioned embodiments or equivalent substitutions are made to some of the technical features. These modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of each embodiment of the application.
Claims (10)
1. A method for acquiring roughness of river channels under gradually-varied flow condition comprises:
determining the type of a target river reach according to the sinuous degree of the target river reach and the situation of water-blocking obstacles on riverbed;
acquiring respective roughness components and auxiliary coefficients of the target river N reach according to the type of the target river reach; and
acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to respective roughness o components and the auxiliary coefficients.
2. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under the gradually varied flow condition of claim 1, characterized in that acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring a roughness component of vegetation and a roughness component of channel boundary, as well as a first weight coefficient and a second weight coefficient.
3. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 1, characterized in that acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach and a correction coefficient.
4. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 1, characterized in that acquiring the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach according to the type of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the roughness component of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach and a correction N coefficient.
5. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 2, characterized in that acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary
o coefficients of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged or submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the weighted sum of squares of o the roughness of vegetation and the roughness of channel boundary based on the
roughness components of vegetation and channel boundary of the target river reach, as well as the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient; and
square rooting the weighted sum of squares to acquire the roughness of the target river reach.
6. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 3, characterized in that acquiring the roughness of the target river reach according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary and stones of the target river reach; and
square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to acquire the roughness of the target river reach.
7. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 4, characterized in that acquiring the roughness of the target river reach, according to the respective roughness components and the auxiliary coefficients of the target river reach specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a sinuous gradually-varied flow channel containing complex water-blocking obstacles, acquiring the sum of squares of the roughness components of vegetation, channel boundary, stones and sinuosity of the target river reach; and square rooting the product of the sum of squares and the correction coefficient to acquire the roughness of the target river reach.
8. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 2, characterized in that the acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing only unsubmerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the proportion of the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach; and
N acquiring the first weight coefficient according to the proportion of the non-basal area covered by vegetation of the target river reach, and acquiring the second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the basal area not covered by vegetation of the target river reach.
9. The method for acquiring the roughness of the river channels under gradually-varied flow condition of claim 2, characterized in that acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient specifically comprises:
when the target river reach is a straight gradually-varied flow channel containing submerged rigid vegetation, acquiring the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree of the target river reach; and
acquiring the first weight coefficient and the second weight coefficient according to the proportion of the basal area covered by vegetation and the relative submergence degree of the target river reach.
10. The method for acquiring the roughness of river channels under of gradually-varied flow condition of claim 3 or 6, characterized acquiring the correction coefficient specifically comprises:
acquiring a total resistance reference area of the roughness elements, an average hydraulic radius and a volume of fluid of the target river reach; and
acquiring the correction coefficient according to the total resistance reference area of the roughness elements, the average hydraulic radius and the volume of fluid of the target river reach.
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| US20050273300A1 (en) * | 2003-09-29 | 2005-12-08 | Patwardhan Avinash S | Method and system for water flow analysis |
| KR101369814B1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-03-04 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for estimating roughness coefficient using field data of vegetated rivers |
| KR101379332B1 (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-03-28 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for estimating roughness coefficient using field data of natural and vegetated rivers |
| KR101369815B1 (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2014-03-04 | 한밭대학교 산학협력단 | Method and apparatus for estimating resistance coefficient using field data of natural rivers |
| CN106529108B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2018-09-14 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of computational methods of the manning roughness of river containing water plant |
| CN106886614B (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2019-01-29 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of measuring method of the river manning roughness based on steady nonuniform flow |
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| CN110298554B (en) * | 2019-06-04 | 2022-07-15 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | System and method for determining roughness rate in river water surface line calculation |
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