CN110298554B - System and method for determining roughness rate in river water surface line calculation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, discloses a system and a method for rating roughness in river water surface line calculation, and solves the problems of low calculation efficiency, poor precision, high error rate and poor repeatability caused by manual operation and judgment modes in the traditional technology. According to the method, relevant information of a calculated river reach is input through an input module, the water surface line is solved and calculated through a water surface line calculating module by utilizing an Style Vietnam equation, and a difference value dz between a calculated water level and a calibrated water level is obtained; and comparing dz with the maximum error delta acceptable by the rating through a roughness adjusting module, judging whether the rating is successful, and if the rating is unsuccessful, correspondingly adjusting the roughness and outputting the roughness to a water surface line calculating module for continuous solution. If the calibration is successful, the calibrated roughness is saved, whether all the sections are calibrated is judged through the circulating execution module, if yes, the calibrated roughness is output through the output module, and otherwise, the section-by-section solving calculation is continued until all the sections are calibrated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a system and a method for roughness rating in river water surface line calculation.
Background
The river water surface line calculation is important and basic work in the survey design and operation management of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, is a basic tool for determining the scale of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, evaluating the influence of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering and carrying out scientific dispatching of the hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering, and therefore, the significance for improving the efficiency and the precision of the water surface line calculation is great.
In order to meet the design requirements, a one-dimensional constant saint-winan equation set is generally adopted to solve the river water surface line section by section, wherein the equation set consists of a water flow continuity equation and a water flow motion equation, which are respectively shown in a formula (1) and a formula (2).
Q＝BhU (1)
In the formula: q is the flow; b is the width of the river; h is the average water depth; u is the average flow rate; a is the water passing area; z is water level; x is the section spacing; n is the river reach roughness; and R is a hydraulic radius.
Solving the saint-Vinan equation set is to solve the dependent variable water level z and the average flow speed U section by section, and in order to close the equation, a parameter n is required to be given, namely the river roughness. In engineering application, under the condition of knowing river reach flow, section form and section distance, river reach water surface line can be calculated only by knowing river reach roughness.
The traditional method for river course roughness calibration is to use a water level flow relation line, an actually measured water side line or a flood diversion water level as calibration data, manually and repeatedly calculate from downstream to upstream section by section, and each step needs manual operation and judgment, so the following disadvantages are caused:
1. the efficiency is low, and especially when the number of sections to be calibrated is large, a large amount of time is consumed for an operator;
2. the accuracy of the result is difficult to unify by artificially judging the rating result, and different operators can obtain different rating roughness rates;
3. the error probability of an operator is increased in the repeated trial calculation process, so that the error rate is increased;
4. repeatability is poor, and all calibration processes will take almost an equal amount of time to re-manually operate when the boundary conditions change.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the system and the method for rating the roughness in river water surface line calculation are provided, and the problems of low calculation efficiency, poor precision, high error rate and poor repeatability caused by manual operation and judgment in the traditional technology are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a system for determining roughness in river water line calculations, comprising:
the input module is used for inputting relevant information of the whole calculated river reach by a user, and comprises the following steps: each section roughness initial value, a calculation boundary condition under a rating working condition, rating data of the whole calculation river reach, a maximum error delta acceptable for rating and a roughness approaching step length dn;
the storage module is used for storing the related information of the whole calculated river reach in a file form;
the water surface line calculating module is used for solving and calculating the river surface line by utilizing the Saint-Venn equation and solving the difference value dz between the calculated water level and the calibrated water level;
the roughness adjusting module is used for comparing and judging dz and the maximum error delta acceptable for rating, if the rating is successful, outputting the rated roughness to the storage module for storage, and informing the cyclic execution module; if the calibration is unsuccessful, correspondingly adjusting the roughness, and outputting the adjusted roughness to a water surface line calculation module to continuously solve and calculate;
the circular execution module is used for judging whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is calibrated, if so, informing the output module, otherwise, calling the data of the next section from the storage module, and informing the water surface line calculation module to carry out solving calculation;
and the output module is used for generating and outputting a rating roughness file of the whole river reach.
As a further optimization, the roughness adjustment module is specifically configured to:
automatically comparing and judging dz and delta, if the | dz | < delta is judged that the roughness rating is successful, outputting the rated roughness to a storage module for storage, and informing a cyclic execution module; if dz is larger than delta, the calculation roughness is reduced, if dz < -delta, the calculation roughness is increased, and the adjusted roughness is output to the water surface line calculation module to continue to solve and calculate.
In addition, the invention also provides a method for determining the roughness rate in the river water surface line calculation, which is applied to the system and comprises the following steps:
A. inputting relevant information of the whole calculated river reach, including: each section roughness initial value, a calculation boundary condition under a rating working condition, rating data of the whole calculation river reach, a maximum error delta acceptable for rating and a roughness approaching step length dn;
B. the water surface line calculation module utilizes the Saint-Venn equation to solve and calculate the river surface line and solve and calculate the difference value dz of the water level and the calibrated water level;
C. and the roughness adjusting module automatically compares and judges dz and the maximum error delta acceptable by the calibration: if the rating is successful, outputting the rated roughness to a storage module for storage, informing a cycle execution module, and entering the step D; if the calibration is unsuccessful, correspondingly adjusting the roughness, outputting the adjusted roughness to a water surface line calculation module, and returning to the step B;
D. the cyclic execution module judges whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is calibrated, if yes, the cyclic execution module informs the output module to enter the step E, otherwise, the cyclic execution module calls the data of the next section from the storage module, informs the water surface line calculation module to carry out solving calculation, and returns to the step B;
E. and the output module generates and outputs a rating roughness file of the whole river reach.
For further optimization, in step a, the calibration data respectively corresponds to three conditions of relation curves of the actually measured water side line, the actually measured flood mark and the water level flow: for the calibration of the actually measured water side line and the actually measured flood mark, calibration data comprise main and branch flow section indication, accumulative distance and corresponding calibration water level data; for the calibration of the water level flow relationship, the calibration data comprises the section indication of the water level flow relationship, the water level and the corresponding flow data.
As a further optimization, in step a, the maximum error Δ acceptable for calibration and the roughness approximation step length dn are set according to engineering requirements.
As a further optimization, in step B, if the number of the rate points between two adjacent cross sections is greater than 1, the plurality of rate points are reduced to 1 by an averaging method.
In step B, as a further optimization, if the position of the calibration point is not coincident with the position of the cross section, the calculated water levels of the cross sections on the upstream and the downstream of the calibration point are interpolated to the position of the calibration point by a linear interpolation method, and then the difference is calculated to obtain dz.
As a further optimization, in step C, the roughness adjustment module automatically compares and judges dz and the maximum error Δ acceptable for calibration: if | dz | < delta, the roughness rating is judged to be successful, otherwise, the rating is judged not to meet the error requirement, the roughness of the river reach between the front rating point interval and the rear rating point interval is adjusted: if dz > Δ, the calculated roughness is decreased, and if dz < - Δ, the calculated roughness is increased.
As a further optimization, the specific method for adjusting the roughness of the front and rear fixed-point interval river reach comprises the following steps:
if dz is larger than delta, n is equal to n-dn, if dz < -delta, n is equal to n + dn, n is the roughness of the river reach, and dn is the roughness approaching step length.
And E, in a further optimization step, calculating a required format by the output module according to the conventional water surface line, and outputting a roughness file after the calibration is finished.
The beneficial effects of the invention are: the method directly simplifies the roughness rating process in the one-dimensional water surface line calculation process by adopting a program circular solution method, the method does not need manual repeated trial calculation, has high solution efficiency and controllable precision, avoids the error probability generated by manual calculation, has high repeatability in the rating process, is easy to realize by programming, and is far higher than the traditional method in both the rating precision and the rating efficiency according to the experimental results of examples.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system for determining roughness in river water surface line calculations in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a flowchart of a method for determining roughness in river water surface line calculation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to provide a system and a method for rating roughness in river water surface line calculation, and solves the problems of low calculation efficiency, poor precision, high error rate and poor repeatability caused by manual operation and judgment in the traditional technology.
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the following figures and examples:
the embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the system for determining roughness in river water surface line calculation in this embodiment includes: the system comprises an input module, a storage module, a water surface line calculation module, a roughness adjustment module, a cycle execution module and an output module, wherein the introduction of each functional module is as follows:
the input module is used for inputting relevant information of the whole calculated river reach by a user, and comprises the following steps: each section roughness initial value, a calculation boundary condition under a rating working condition, rating data of the whole calculation river reach, a maximum error delta acceptable for rating and a roughness approaching step length dn;
the storage module is used for storing the related information of the whole calculated river reach in a file form;
the water surface line calculating module is used for solving and calculating the river surface line by utilizing the Saint-Venn equation and solving the difference value dz between the calculated water level and the calibrated water level;
the roughness adjusting module is used for comparing and judging dz and the maximum error delta acceptable by the rating, if the rating is successful, outputting the rated roughness to the storage module for storage, and informing the cyclic execution module; if the calibration is unsuccessful, correspondingly adjusting the roughness, and outputting the adjusted roughness to a water surface line calculation module to continuously solve and calculate;
the circular execution module is used for judging whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is calibrated, if so, informing the output module, otherwise, calling the data of the next section from the storage module, and informing the water surface line calculation module to carry out solution calculation;
and the output module is used for generating and outputting a rating roughness file of the whole river reach.
Based on the above system, the flow of the method for determining the roughness rate in river water surface line calculation provided by this embodiment is shown in fig. 2, and includes the following implementation steps:
A. inputting the initial value of the roughness of each section of the whole calculated river reach and storing the initial value into a file;
inputting initial values of roughness of each section of the whole calculated river reach through an input module; the initial value of the roughness input here does not affect the final rating result, but the closer the initial value is to the actual situation, the smaller the number of calculation iterations is, and the faster the whole solving process is.
B. Inputting a boundary condition under a calibration working condition and storing the boundary condition to a file;
in the step, boundary conditions such as inflow flow of main and branch flows, branch and confluence flows, starting water level and the like are calculated under a fixed working condition through input of an input module.
C. Inputting the rating data of the whole calculated river reach, the acceptable maximum error delta of rating and the roughness approximation step length dn, and storing the data in a file;
in this step, the rating data of the whole calculated river reach, the maximum error delta acceptable for rating and the roughness approximation step length dn are input through the input module.
The 'calibration data' can be composed of three forms, which respectively correspond to three conditions of actually measured water side lines, actually measured flood marks and water level flow relation curves, for the calibration of the actually measured water side lines and the flood marks, the calibration data comprises main and branch flow section indication, accumulative distance and corresponding calibration water level data, and for the calibration of the water level flow relation, the calibration data comprises the section indication, the water level and the corresponding flow data of the water level flow relation.
The calibration error delta and the roughness step length dn are set according to engineering requirements, the smaller the delta and the dn is, the more the iteration times are, the slower the solving process is, and the more accurate the calibration result is.
D. Solving the holy-vernan equation, calculating the water surface line, and directly solving the difference value dz between the calculated water level and the calibrated water level;
in the step, the saint-winan equation is solved through a water surface line calculation module, water surface line calculation is carried out, and the difference value dz between the calculated water level and the calibrated water level is directly obtained; the specific solving process is the prior art and is not described herein again.
In the process of solving and calculating, if the number of the rating points between two adjacent sections is more than 1, simplifying the plurality of rating points into 1 by an averaging method for processing. If the position of the calibration point is not coincident with the position of the cross section, the calculated water levels of the cross sections on the upstream and the downstream of the calibration point are interpolated to the position of the calibration point by a linear interpolation method, and then the difference value is calculated to obtain dz.
E. Automatically comparing and judging dz and delta by the program, if dz is larger than delta, reducing the calculated roughness, if dz < -delta, increasing the calculated roughness, if | dz | is smaller than delta, considering the roughness rating result, and returning to the step D to automatically rate river channels and sections by sections until all ratings are finished after the rated roughness is stored;
in this step, dz and Δ are compared and judged by a roughness adjusting module, if | dz | < Δ, a roughness rating result is considered, after the rated roughness is stored, a cycle execution module is used for judging whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is rated and finished, if not, the step D is returned to automatically cycle rating section by section until all the rating is finished, and if yes, the step F is entered. If dz does not meet the error requirement, adjusting the roughness of the front and rear fixed point interval river reach: if dz > Δ then n is n-dn, and if dz < - Δ then n is n + dn.
F. And automatically generating a roughness file with good calibration by the program.
In the step, the roughness file after the calibration is finished is output through an output module according to the required format calculated by the conventional water surface line.
The effect verification case:
and verifying according to a case of a river channel in a certain mountain area in southwest, wherein the length of the calculated river channel is about 51km, 27 calculated cross sections are arranged on the river channel, and the water levels are fixed at 11 cross sections. In actual work, the traditional roughness rating method is adopted, the working time of roughness rating under the working condition of rating data is about 5.5 hours, the roughness rating time can be greatly shortened to be within 10 minutes after the method is adopted, the rating precision of each rating section water level is higher than that of the traditional method, the difference value of each rating section water level can be controlled to be within 0.01m, and the specific achievement comparison is shown in table 1.
Table 1: calculation result table for different scheme calibration
Further, time consumption statistics of the traditional method and the method are carried out on the conditions of different working conditions, and the statistical results show that the working time for calculating the roughness rate of the water surface line can be greatly shortened by adopting the method, which is shown in table 2.
Table 2: time consumption comparison table among methods under different working conditions
Therefore, the method provided by the invention has higher calibration precision and calibration efficiency than the traditional method, and also has great advantages in the repeatability of the method.
Claims (9)
1. A system for calculating roughness rating of river waterline, comprising:
the input module is used for inputting relevant information of the whole calculated river reach by a user, and comprises the following steps: each section roughness initial value, a calculation boundary condition under a rating working condition, rating data of the whole calculation river reach, a maximum error delta acceptable for rating and a roughness approaching step length dn;
the storage module is used for storing the related information of the whole calculated river reach in a file form;
the water surface line calculating module is used for solving and calculating the river surface line by utilizing the Saint-Venn equation and solving the difference value dz between the calculated water level and the calibrated water level;
the roughness adjusting module is used for automatically comparing and judging dz and the maximum error delta acceptable by the rating, if | dz | < delta, the rating of the roughness is judged to be successful, the rated roughness is output to the storage module for storage, and the cyclic execution module is informed; if dz is larger than delta, the calculated roughness is reduced, if dz < -delta, the calculated roughness is increased, and the adjusted roughness is output to the water surface line calculating module to continue to solve and calculate;
the circular execution module is used for judging whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is calibrated, if so, informing the output module, otherwise, calling the data of the next section from the storage module, and informing the water surface line calculation module to carry out solving calculation;
and the output module is used for generating and outputting a rating roughness file of the whole river reach.
2. A method for determining roughness rating in river waterline calculations for use in a system according to claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
A. inputting relevant information of the whole calculated river reach, including: initial values of roughness of each section, calculation boundary conditions under a calibration working condition, calibration data of the whole calculated river reach, maximum error delta acceptable for calibration and roughness approximation step length dn;
B. the water surface line calculation module utilizes the Saint-Venn equation to solve and calculate the river surface line and solve and calculate the difference value dz of the water level and the calibrated water level;
C. and the roughness adjusting module automatically compares and judges dz and the maximum error delta acceptable by the calibration: if the rating is successful, outputting the rated roughness to a storage module for storage, informing a cycle execution module, and entering the step D; if the calibration is unsuccessful, correspondingly adjusting the roughness, outputting the adjusted roughness to a water surface line calculation module, and returning to the step B;
D. the cyclic execution module judges whether the roughness of each section of the whole river reach is calibrated, if yes, the cyclic execution module informs the output module to enter the step E, otherwise, the cyclic execution module calls the data of the next section from the storage module, informs the water surface line calculation module to carry out solving calculation, and returns to the step B;
E. and the output module generates and outputs a rating roughness file of the whole river reach.
3. The method of river water line roughness rating in calculating of claim 2,
in the step A, the calibration data respectively correspond to three conditions of relation curves of an actually measured water side line, an actually measured flood mark and a water level flow: for the calibration of the actually measured water side line and the actually measured flood mark, calibration data comprise main and branch flow section indication, accumulative distance and corresponding calibration water level data; for the calibration of the water level flow relation, the calibration data comprises the section indication of the water level flow relation, the water level and corresponding flow data.
4. The method of river water line computation roughness rating of claim 2,
in the step A, the maximum error delta acceptable for calibration and the roughness approximation step length dn are set according to engineering requirements.
5. The method of river water line computation roughness rating of claim 2,
in step B, if the number of the rating points between two adjacent cross sections is greater than 1, the plurality of rating points are reduced to 1 by an averaging method.
6. The method of river water line computation roughness rating of claim 2,
in the step B, if the position of the calibration point is not coincident with the position of the cross section, the calculated water level of the cross section on the upper and lower sides of the calibration point is interpolated to the position of the calibration point by a linear interpolation method, and then the difference value is calculated to obtain dz.
7. The method of river water line roughness rating in calculating of claim 2,
in step C, the roughness adjusting module automatically compares and judges dz and the maximum error delta acceptable by the rating: if | dz | < delta, the roughness rating is judged to be successful, otherwise, the rating is judged not to meet the error requirement, the roughness of the river reach between the front rating point interval and the rear rating point interval is adjusted: if dz > Δ, the calculated roughness is decreased, and if dz < - Δ, the calculated roughness is increased.
8. The method of river water line roughness rating in calculating of claim 7,
the specific method for adjusting the roughness of the river reach between the front fixed point interval and the rear fixed point interval comprises the following steps:
if dz > Δ, n is n-dn, and if dz < - Δ, n is n + dn, where n is the roughness of the river reach and dn is the roughness approximation step.
9. The method of roughness rating in river water line calculations as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 8,
and E, calculating a required format according to the conventional water surface line by the output module, and outputting a roughness file after the calibration is finished.
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