CN110829812B - High-voltage control system and method for electric automobile - Google Patents
High-voltage control system and method for electric automobile Download PDFInfo
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- CN110829812B CN110829812B CN201911107163.9A CN201911107163A CN110829812B CN 110829812 B CN110829812 B CN 110829812B CN 201911107163 A CN201911107163 A CN 201911107163A CN 110829812 B CN110829812 B CN 110829812B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims description 55
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001896 polybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 22
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- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
- B60L15/2045—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed for optimising the use of energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/345—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering using capacitors as storage or buffering devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/322—Means for rapidly discharging a capacitor of the converter for protecting electrical components or for preventing electrical shock
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-voltage control system of an electric automobile, which comprises a 12V storage battery, a low-voltage bidirectional converter, a super capacitor, a high-voltage bidirectional converter and a control circuit, wherein the 12V storage battery is connected with the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional converter; the super capacitor is respectively connected with a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery through a high-voltage bidirectional converter; the main positive relay and the main negative relay are respectively connected with a filter capacitor of a high-voltage component through a high-voltage bus; the control circuit is respectively connected with the low-voltage bidirectional converter and the high-voltage bidirectional converter through the driving circuit. The invention has the advantages that: can be stable safe and reliable quick realization high pressure preliminary filling and high pressure discharge, the circuit that increases simultaneously can realize retrieving more energy in the energy recuperation stage, reduces the waste of energy among the energy recuperation process to can further realize increasing energy recuperation efficiency on the basis of realizing high pressure preliminary filling, discharge, need not increase the hardware cost moreover on the basis of high pressure preliminary filling and discharge, only need control the work of two-way converter can.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of high-voltage power supply control of electric automobiles, in particular to a high-voltage control system of an electric automobile.
Background
Before the power battery supplies power to a high-voltage system of the whole vehicle, the filter capacitor at the input end of the high-voltage component needs to be pre-charged through a pre-charging circuit. After the vehicle is electrified under high voltage, the electric energy stored in the high-voltage component capacitor device needs to be actively discharged by using an electric driving system or passively discharged by using a resistor, so that the safety is ensured. In the prior art, the pre-charging mostly uses a pre-charging resistor for current limiting, and is easy to damage; the active discharge can not be carried out under special working conditions, and the passive discharge time is longer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-voltage control system of an electric automobile, which integrates a high-voltage pre-charging circuit and a high-voltage discharging circuit into a bidirectional converter to realize a high-voltage pre-charging and discharging scheme with better effect, and can realize the maximum recovery and utilization of braking energy through the bidirectional converter and a super capacitor.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a high-voltage control system of an electric automobile comprises a 12V storage battery, a low-voltage bidirectional converter, a super capacitor, a high-voltage bidirectional converter and a control circuit, wherein the 12V storage battery is connected with the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional converter; the super capacitor is respectively connected with a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery through a high-voltage bidirectional converter; the main positive relay and the main negative relay are respectively connected with a filter capacitor of a high-voltage component through a high-voltage bus; the control circuit is respectively connected with the low-voltage bidirectional converter and the high-voltage bidirectional converter through the driving circuit.
The control circuit is connected with the vehicle power-on and power-off state acquisition unit.
The control circuit is respectively connected with the super-capacitor end voltage sampling circuit, the super-capacitor end current sampling circuit, the power battery end voltage sampling circuit and the power battery end current sampling circuit.
And the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery are respectively connected with an electric driving system of the automobile through a main positive relay and a main negative relay.
And the control circuit is respectively connected with the power battery electric quantity acquisition module and the electric drive system power generation power acquisition module.
A control method of a high-voltage control system of an electric automobile judges the power-on state and the power-off state of the automobile at the moment according to state data of the whole automobile, after the automobile is powered on, a high-voltage pre-charging process is started, a low-voltage bidirectional converter is controlled to work in a boosting working mode, and a 12V storage battery boosts voltage to charge a super capacitor to V through low-voltage bidirectional conversionSC_MINThen the high voltage bidirectional conversion raises the voltage to be in the high voltage part on the high voltage busCharging capacitor, collecting battery terminal voltage V by battery terminal voltage sampling circuitBATWhen V isBATThe differential pressure between the main positive relay and the main negative relay of the power battery is smaller than a set value delta V, the main positive relay and the main negative relay of the power battery are closed, the pre-charging process is finished, and the high-voltage converter is controlled to stop working at the moment;
when the vehicle is powered off, the high-voltage bidirectional converter works in a voltage reduction working mode, and the high-voltage bidirectional converter reduces the high voltage of the bus to VSC_MINAnd when the voltage of the high-voltage bus is reduced to a safe voltage, the high-voltage discharge process is finished, and the high-voltage bidirectional converter and the low-voltage bidirectional converter are closed.
Judging whether the vehicle is in an energy recovery process or not according to the state data of the whole vehicle, acquiring the power generation power of the electric drive system when the vehicle is in the energy recovery process, and controlling the power generation energy of the electric drive system to enter the power battery when the power generation power of the electric drive system is smaller than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery; when the generated power of the electric drive system is larger than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, starting the high-voltage bidirectional converter to charge the power battery with the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, charging the super capacitor with the residual charging power obtained by subtracting the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery from the generated power of the electric drive system through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, controlling the high-voltage bidirectional converter to stop working after the super capacitor is fully charged, and charging the power battery with the maximum allowed charging power until the power battery is fully charged or the energy recovery process is finished.
After the energy recovery process is finished, the electric drive system enters an electric drive mode, and the drive power is PDControlling the super capacitor to supply power to the electric drive system through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, wherein the discharge power is PDC_DThe maximum discharge power of the super capacitor is the rated power P of the high-voltage bidirectional converterD_NThe discharge power of the power battery is PBAT_D(ii) a If the driving power of the electric drive system is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power P of the super capacitorD_NThen control the superThe capacitor provides all driving power through the bidirectional converter until the energy of the super capacitor is consumed, and then the driving power is provided by the power battery for discharging;
if the driving power of the electric drive system is larger than the maximum discharge power P of the super capacitorD_NThe super capacitor and the power battery provide driving power together, and the super capacitor is controlled to output power P through the high-voltage bidirectional converterD_NAnd the residual power controls the power battery to supply power until the super capacitor finishes discharging, the high-voltage bidirectional converter is closed, and the power battery discharges to supply driving energy.
And when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to be reduced to the working lower limit value, the discharge of the super capacitor is finished.
The invention has the advantages that: can be stable safe and reliable quick realization high pressure preliminary filling and high pressure discharge, the circuit that increases simultaneously can realize retrieving more energy in the energy recuperation stage, reduces the waste of energy among the energy recuperation process to can further realize increasing energy recuperation efficiency on the basis of realizing high pressure preliminary filling, discharge, need not increase the hardware cost moreover on the basis of high pressure preliminary filling and discharge, only need control the work of two-way converter can.
Drawings
The contents of the expressions in the various figures of the present specification and the labels in the figures are briefly described as follows:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the control system architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 shows the gate driving waveforms of the switch transistor
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a low-voltage bidirectional converter structure.
Detailed Description
The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention will be made in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, a high-voltage control system of an electric vehicle comprises a 12V storage battery, a low-voltage bidirectional converter, a super capacitor, a high-voltage bidirectional converter and a control circuit, wherein the 12V storage battery is connected with the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional converter; the super capacitor is respectively connected with a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery through a high-voltage bidirectional converter; the main positive relay and the main negative relay are respectively connected with a filter capacitor of the high-voltage component through a high-voltage bus; the control circuit is respectively connected with the low-voltage bidirectional converter and the high-voltage bidirectional converter through the driving circuit. The control circuit is realized by adopting control elements such as a battery management control unit or a vehicle control unit or other newly-added controllers, and the work of the control circuit is controlled by outputting a PWM control signal to drive a switching tube of the high-voltage bidirectional converter and a switching tube of the low-voltage bidirectional converter.
The control circuit is connected with the vehicle power-on and power-off state acquisition unit, and the starting control of high-voltage pre-charging and discharging is conveniently controlled according to the power-on signal and the power-off signal. The control circuit is respectively connected with the super-capacitor end voltage sampling circuit, the super-capacitor end current sampling circuit, the power battery end voltage sampling circuit and the power battery end current sampling circuit.
The positive pole and the negative pole of the power battery are respectively connected with an electric driving system of the automobile through a main positive relay and a main negative relay. The control circuit is respectively connected with the power battery electric quantity acquisition module and the electric drive system power generation power acquisition module. The power battery is output and supplied with power through the main negative relay and the main positive relay, the electric driving system obtains power through the main positive relay and the main negative relay, when the electric driving system is in energy recovery, the recovered electric quantity enters the power battery through the main positive main negative relay, and meanwhile, the high-voltage converter can be controlled to work to control the energy recovery to the super capacitor.
The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric automobile judges the power-on state and the power-off state of the vehicle at the moment according to the state data of the whole vehicle, after the vehicle is powered on, the high-voltage pre-charging process is started, the low-voltage bidirectional converter is controlled to work in a boosting working mode, and the 12V storage battery boosts the voltage to be the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional conversion to charge the super capacitor to VSC_MINThen, the high-voltage bidirectional conversion raises the voltage to charge the capacitor in the high-voltage component on the high-voltage bus, and the battery terminal voltage sampling circuit collects the battery terminal voltage VBATWhen V isBATThe voltage difference between the power battery and the actual voltage of the power battery is less than a set value delta V, and a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery are closedWhen the pre-charging process is finished, controlling the high-voltage converter to stop working;
when the vehicle is powered off, the high-voltage bidirectional converter works in a voltage reduction working mode, and the high-voltage bidirectional converter reduces the high voltage of the bus to VSC_MINAnd when the voltage of the high-voltage bus is reduced to a safe voltage, the high-voltage discharge process is finished, and the high-voltage bidirectional converter and the low-voltage bidirectional converter are closed.
Judging whether the vehicle is in an energy recovery process or not according to the state data of the whole vehicle, acquiring the power generation power of the electric drive system when the vehicle is in the energy recovery process, and controlling the power generation energy of the electric drive system to enter the power battery when the power generation power of the electric drive system is smaller than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery; when the generated power of the electric drive system is larger than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, starting the high-voltage bidirectional converter to charge the power battery with the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, charging the super capacitor with the residual charging power obtained by subtracting the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery from the generated power of the electric drive system through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, controlling the high-voltage bidirectional converter to stop working after the super capacitor is fully charged, and charging the power battery with the maximum allowed charging power until the power battery is fully charged or the energy recovery process is finished.
After the energy recovery process is finished, the electric drive system enters an electric drive mode, and the drive power is PDControlling the super capacitor to supply power to the electric drive system through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, wherein the discharge power is PDC_DThe maximum discharge power of the super capacitor is the rated power P of the high-voltage bidirectional converterD_NThe discharge power of the power battery is PBAT_D(ii) a If the driving power of the electric drive system is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power P of the super capacitorD_NControlling the super capacitor to provide all driving power through the bidirectional converter until the energy of the super capacitor is consumed, and then discharging the super capacitor to provide driving energy through the power battery;
if the electric drive system drivesThe dynamic power is larger than the maximum discharge power P of the super capacitorD_NThe super capacitor and the power battery provide driving power together, and the super capacitor is controlled to output power P through the high-voltage bidirectional converterD_NAnd the residual power controls the power battery to supply power until the super capacitor finishes discharging, the high-voltage bidirectional converter is closed, and the power battery discharges to supply driving energy. And when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to be reduced to the working lower limit value, the discharge of the super capacitor is finished.
The bidirectional converter consists of two parts, namely high-voltage bidirectional conversion and low-voltage bidirectional conversion. As shown in fig. 1-3, one end of the high voltage bidirectional converter is connected with the power battery, and the other end is connected with the super capacitor. Capacitors at the power battery end and the super capacitor end are used for energy storage and filtering, the capacitors, the switching tubes and the inductors form a power conversion circuit, and the switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are controlled by applying a high-frequency Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technology to realize direct current/direct current conversion of voltage. The switching tubes Q1 and Q2 are MOS tubes or IGBT. The voltage and current sampling circuit samples port voltage and current, sampling signals are output to the control circuit, and the control circuit controls the driving circuit through a control algorithm so as to control the power conversion circuit to realize stable work of the bidirectional converter.
The low-voltage bidirectional conversion circuit realizes voltage conversion from the 12V storage battery to the super capacitor end.
In the process of braking energy recovery, the high-voltage bidirectional conversion part works.
In the high-voltage bidirectional conversion circuit, the control circuit collects the voltage value V of the battery terminal through the sampling circuit of the battery terminal voltageBATAcquiring the voltage value V at two ends of the super capacitor through the super capacitor terminal voltage sampling circuitSCAcquiring the charging current value I of the power battery through a current sampling circuit at the power battery endBATAcquiring the charging current value I of the super capacitor by the super capacitor end current sampling circuitSC. The switching duty cycle of Q1 and Q2 in the bidirectional converter is T, the duty ratio is D, and the duty ratio is the turn-on time TONThe ratio of the Vg high level time to the duty cycle T, i.e. D ═ TON/T。
Electric drive system in the process of recovering braking energyThe system works in a power generation mode with the power generation power PGThe electric drive system charges the super capacitor with the power P through the bidirectional DCDCDC_CThe maximum allowable charging power of the power battery is PBAT_C_MAX. If the power generation power of the electric drive system is less than or equal to the maximum charging power P allowed by the power batteryBAT_C_MAXI.e. PG≤PBAT_C_MAXAnd the electric drive system generates power and all enters the power battery. If the generated energy of the electric drive system is greater than the maximum allowable charging power of the power battery, i.e. PG＞PBAT_C_MAXThe bidirectional DCDC starts to work, the energy which can not be recovered by the power battery is charged into the super capacitor, and the charging power P isDC_C＝PG-PBAT_C_MAXAfter the super capacitor is fully charged, the bidirectional DCDC stops working, the power generation energy of the electric drive system is reduced, and the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery is kept equal.
In the process of recovering the braking energy, the bidirectional DCDC is used for describing the charging work of the super capacitor: the control circuit sends a signal to the driving circuit, the driving circuit outputs a high level to the grid of Q1 in T _ ON time, namely the grid voltage Vg1 of Q1 is at a high level, and Q1 is switched ON; meanwhile, a low level is output to the gate of the Q2, namely the gate voltage Vg2 of the Q2 is low, and the Q2 is turned off. T isONDuring the time, the power battery charges the C2 and the super capacitor through Q1 and L, and the inductor L also stores energy. T isONAt the end, Q1 is turned off, Q2 is also turned off, inductor L freewheels through the body diode of Q2, and inductor and the energy stored in C2 continue to charge the super capacitor. The control circuit controls the duty ratio D to realize the charging current I of the super capacitorSCConstant, i.e. constant current charging.
After the braking process is finished, the electric drive system enters an electric drive mode, and the drive power is PD. The super capacitor supplies power to the electric drive system through the bidirectional DCDC, and the discharge power is PDC_DThe maximum discharge power of the super capacitor is the rated power P of the bidirectional DCDCD_NI.e. PDC_D_MAX＝PD_N. The discharge power of the power battery is PBAT_D. If the driving power of the electric drive system is less than or equal to the maximum discharge power (rated power of bidirectional DCDC), namely PD≤PD_NThen, thenThe super capacitor provides all driving power until the super capacitor is used up, and then the power battery discharges to provide driving energy. In the process of completely providing the driving energy by the super capacitor, the power battery needs to be maintained in a low-current charging or discharging state due to the characteristics of the power battery, so that the discharging power of the super capacitor through the bidirectional DCDC is dynamically adjusted, and the energy balance of the low-current charging and discharging of the power battery is kept to the maximum extent. If the drive power of the electric drive system is larger than the maximum discharge power of the super capacitor (rated power of bidirectional DCDC), namely PD＞PD_NThe super capacitor and the power battery provide driving power together, namely PD＝PD_N+PBAT_DAnd when the energy of the super capacitor is consumed, the power battery discharges to provide driving energy.
The system enters a super capacitor discharge state, and the working mode of the bidirectional converter is direct current-to-direct current boost conversion. The control circuit sends a signal to the drive circuit, TONThe driving circuit outputs a high level to the grid of Q2 within time, namely the voltage Vg2 of the grid of Q2 is at a high level, and Q2 is switched on; meanwhile, a low level is output to the gate of the Q1, namely the gate voltage Vg1 of the Q1 is low, and the Q1 is turned off. T isONIn time, the super capacitor stores energy for the inductor L through the Q2, and the energy stored in the C1 charges the power battery. T isONAt the end, Q2 is turned off, Q1 is also turned off, inductor L realizes freewheeling through the body diode of Q1, and the energy stored in inductor L charges C1 and is output to the high-voltage bus to be supplied to the electric driving system. The control circuit controls the duty ratio D to realize that the voltage output to the power battery is equal to VBATI.e. a constant voltage output. When the voltage V of the super capacitorSCDown to the lower working limit value VSC_MINAnd when the super capacitor is discharged, the discharge of the super capacitor is finished.
The above process can be achieved with a significant improvement in the braking energy recovery ratio.
The low voltage bidirectional conversion portion is shown in fig. 3.
In the high-voltage pre-charging process, the 12V storage battery raises the voltage to the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional conversion part to charge to VSC_MINThe high-voltage bidirectional conversion part raises the voltage to be a high-voltage part on the high-voltage busCharging a capacitor in the device, and collecting V by a battery terminal voltage sampling circuitBATWhen V isBATAnd the voltage difference between the main positive relay and the main negative relay of the power battery is smaller than a set value delta V, and the pre-charging process is finished. After the last power-off, the super capacitor still stores energy, and the remaining capacity can still participate in new conversion except the energy lost due to static loss.
During the pre-charging process, the residual energy in the super capacitor is VSC_PRE_C,VSC_PRE_CIs less than VSC_MINK1 is opened, K2 is closed, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 work in a full-bridge inversion state, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 work in a full-bridge rectification state, L2 and C3 are filter circuits, and the control circuit enables the voltage output to the super capacitor to be kept at V through adjusting the duty ratio of the driving circuit 3SC_MINThe high-voltage bidirectional conversion part then converts V intoSC_MINAnd (4) pre-charging the parts for raising the bus of the whole vehicle high-voltage system until the voltage difference between the bus voltage and the actual voltage of the power battery is less than a set value delta V, closing a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery, and finishing the pre-charging process.
In the high-voltage discharge process, after the whole vehicle is powered off, the high-voltage bidirectional conversion part reduces the high voltage of the bus to VSC_MINLow voltage bidirectional converting circuit drop VSC_MINThe voltage reduction is to supply power to the 12V system when the system still works, and simultaneously, the 12V storage battery can also be charged. When the high voltage bus voltage is reduced to the safe voltage, the high voltage discharge process is ended.
When high voltage is discharged, the main positive relay and the main negative relay are disconnected, the energy of a capacitor device in the high-voltage component needs to be released, and the high-voltage bidirectional conversion part reduces the voltage of the bus to VSC_MIN. The low-voltage bidirectional conversion part K1 is closed, K2 is opened, Q3, Q4, Q5 and Q6 work in a full-bridge inversion state, Q7, Q8, Q9 and Q10 work in a full-bridge rectification state, L3 and C4 are filter circuits, the control circuit enables the voltage output to a 12V storage battery to be kept constant by adjusting the duty ratio of the driving circuit 2 to supply power to low-voltage system components until the bus voltage is reduced to a safe value, and the end of the discharging process is finished
It is clear that the specific implementation of the invention is not restricted to the above-described embodiments, but that various insubstantial modifications of the inventive process concept and technical solutions are within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A control method of an electric automobile high-voltage control system is characterized by comprising the following steps: the system comprises a 12V storage battery, a low-voltage bidirectional converter, a super capacitor, a high-voltage bidirectional converter and a control circuit, wherein the 12V storage battery is connected with the super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional converter; the super capacitor is respectively connected with a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery through a high-voltage bidirectional converter; the main positive relay and the main negative relay are respectively connected with a filter capacitor of a high-voltage component through a high-voltage bus; the control circuit is respectively connected with the low-voltage bidirectional converter and the high-voltage bidirectional converter through the driving circuit;
judging the power-on state and the power-off state of the vehicle at the moment according to the state data of the whole vehicle, starting a high-voltage pre-charging process after the vehicle is powered on, controlling a low-voltage bidirectional converter to work in a boosting working mode, boosting the voltage of a 12V storage battery into a super capacitor through the low-voltage bidirectional converter, charging the super capacitor to a lower limit value VSC _ MIN of the working voltage of the super capacitor, boosting the voltage of the high-voltage bidirectional converter, charging a capacitor in a high-voltage component on a high-voltage bus, acquiring a battery terminal voltage VBAT by a battery terminal voltage sampling circuit, closing a main positive relay and a main negative relay of the power battery when the voltage difference between the VBAT and the actual voltage of the power battery is smaller than a set value delta V, finishing the pre-charging process, and controlling the high-voltage bidirectional converter to stop working at the moment;
when the vehicle is powered off, the high-voltage bidirectional converter works in a voltage reduction working mode, the high-voltage bidirectional converter reduces the high voltage of the bus to VSC _ MIN to charge the super capacitor, the low-voltage bidirectional converter works in a voltage reduction state at the moment, the low-voltage bidirectional converter reduces the output voltage of the super capacitor to charge a 12V storage battery, and when the voltage of the high-voltage bus is reduced to safe voltage, the high-voltage discharge process is finished, and the high-voltage bidirectional converter and the low-voltage bidirectional converter are turned off.
2. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: judging whether the vehicle is in an energy recovery process or not according to the state data of the whole vehicle, acquiring the power generation power of the electric drive system when the vehicle is in the energy recovery process, and controlling the power generation energy of the electric drive system to enter the power battery when the power generation power of the electric drive system is smaller than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery; when the generated power of the electric drive system is larger than the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, starting the high-voltage bidirectional converter to work, charging the power battery with the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery, charging the super capacitor with the residual charging power obtained by subtracting the maximum charging power allowed by the power battery from the generated power of the electric drive system through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, controlling the high-voltage bidirectional converter to stop working after the super capacitor is fully charged, and charging the power battery with the maximum allowed charging power until the power battery is fully charged or the energy recovery process is finished.
3. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein:
after the energy recovery process is finished, the electric drive system enters an electric drive mode, and the drive power is PDControlling a super capacitor to supply power to an electric drive system through a high-voltage bidirectional converter, wherein the discharge power is PDC _ D, the maximum discharge power of the super capacitor is the rated power PD _ N of the high-voltage bidirectional converter, and the discharge power of a power battery is PBAT _ D; if the driving power of the electric driving system is less than or equal to the maximum discharging power PD _ N of the super capacitor, controlling the super capacitor to provide all driving power through the high-voltage bidirectional converter until the energy of the super capacitor is consumed, and then discharging the super capacitor to provide driving energy through the power battery;
if the driving power of the electric driving system is larger than the maximum discharging power PD _ N of the super capacitor, the super capacitor and the power battery provide driving power together, the super capacitor is controlled to output power PD _ N through the high-voltage bidirectional converter, the residual power is controlled to be provided by the power battery, the high-voltage bidirectional converter is closed until the discharging of the super capacitor is finished, and then the driving energy is provided by the discharging of the power battery.
4. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 3, wherein: and when the voltage of the super capacitor is detected to be reduced to the working lower limit value, the discharge of the super capacitor is finished.
5. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control circuit is connected with the vehicle power-on and power-off state acquisition unit.
6. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the control circuit is respectively connected with the super-capacitor end voltage sampling circuit, the super-capacitor end current sampling circuit, the power battery end voltage sampling circuit and the power battery end current sampling circuit.
7. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1, 5 and 6, characterized in that: and the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power battery are respectively connected with an electric driving system of the automobile through a main positive relay and a main negative relay.
8. The control method of the high-voltage control system of the electric vehicle according to claim 7, characterized in that: and the control circuit is respectively connected with the power battery electric quantity acquisition module and the electric drive system power generation power acquisition module.
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| CN111332123B (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2022-02-15 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | Power-on and power-off control system and control method thereof |
| CN112510980B (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-04-26 | 潍柴动力股份有限公司 | Active discharge method and device of bidirectional DCDC converter and storage medium |
| CN113479115A (en) * | 2021-07-01 | 2021-10-08 | 上海中科深江电动车辆有限公司 | System for realizing dual-power automatic balance fusion of range-extended vehicle |
| CN114024448B (en) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-03-11 | 浙江富特科技股份有限公司 | Bidirectional DC converter and system |
| CN115224754A (en) * | 2022-01-07 | 2022-10-21 | 广州汽车集团股份有限公司 | Energy storage charge-discharge circuit, charge-discharge control system and charging rescue vehicle |
| CN114425949A (en) * | 2022-02-11 | 2022-05-03 | 中国重汽集团济南动力有限公司 | Motor controller support capacitor discharge device and method and electric automobile |
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