CN114024448B - Bidirectional DC converter and system - Google Patents

Bidirectional DC converter and system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114024448B
CN114024448B CN202210001283.6A CN202210001283A CN114024448B CN 114024448 B CN114024448 B CN 114024448B CN 202210001283 A CN202210001283 A CN 202210001283A CN 114024448 B CN114024448 B CN 114024448B
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unit
voltage
switching
rectifying unit
switching tube
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CN114024448A (en
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李文渝
欧阳康
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Zhejiang Fute Technology Co ltd
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Zhejiang Fute Technology Co ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/070025 priority patent/WO2023131101A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/3353—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having at least two simultaneously operating switches on the input side, e.g. "double forward" or "double (switched) flyback" converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/66—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/68—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/72—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/79—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/797—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output with possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a bidirectional direct current converter and a system, which relate to the field of power conversion, wherein two ends of a first switching tube of a typical unidirectional direct current converter are connected with a switching resistor series branch in parallel, the switching resistor series branch comprises a second switching tube and a first resistor, so that bidirectional conversion of direct current is realized, namely, a bidirectional function is realized on the basis of the conventional unidirectional direct current converter, the labor cost is greatly reduced, the converter is small in size, low in replacement cost and low in loss of a switching device, and the bidirectional direct current conversion function is realized under the condition of not losing forward efficiency.

Description

Bidirectional DC converter and system
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power conversion, in particular to a bidirectional direct current converter and a system.
Background
The dc-dc converter is a common topology in the field of power conversion to realize dc-to-dc conversion. The bidirectional dc converter can realize bidirectional dc conversion, and is widely used in the industry, such as a vehicle-mounted charger.
At present, a bidirectional dc converter in a vehicle-mounted charger includes full-bridge switching units on both a primary side and a secondary side of a transformer, and an inductance unit is included between the full-bridge switching units and the transformer, that is, the primary side and the secondary side of the transformer are symmetrical to realize bidirectional dc conversion, and specifically, the full-bridge isolated bidirectional dc converter in the prior art shown in fig. 1 can be referred to. The full-bridge isolated bidirectional dc converter shown in fig. 1 requires a large number of switching tubes and a large inductor size, which is contrary to the miniaturization trend of the power converter. In the process of realizing the bidirectional energy flow of the full-bridge isolated bidirectional dc converter shown in fig. 1, two switching tubes are required to be in a high-frequency switching state in the full-bridge switching units on the primary side and the secondary side at the same time, which causes large switching loss and low efficiency of the whole converter.
The industry can also adopt two converters to realize the bidirectional conversion of direct current, but its volume is bigger, and control is complicated, and efficiency is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a bidirectional DC conversion system, comprising: a bidirectional dc converter, comprising: the bridge type switch unit comprises at least one switch tube and comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bus capacitor and respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of a first voltage; the transformer unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and a first end and a second end of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a third end and a fourth end of the bridge type switch unit; the rectifying unit comprises at least one switching tube and an inductor and comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the secondary side winding, the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of a second capacitor, at least one of the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is connected with one of a positive end and a negative end of a second voltage through a first switching tube, the other of the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is connected with the other of the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage, two ends of the first switching tube are connected with a switching resistor series branch in parallel, the switching resistor series branch comprises a second switching tube and a first resistor, and the second switching tube is connected with the first resistor in series; a controller configured to output a switching control signal to control terminals of the switching tubes in the bridge switching unit and the rectifying unit and control terminals of the first switching tube and the second switching tube, so as to control the bidirectional dc converter to operate in a forward dc conversion mode for converting the first voltage into the second voltage or a reverse dc conversion mode for converting the second voltage into the first voltage.
Further, the forward dc conversion mode is: the controller controls to enable the first switch tube to be conducted, the second switch tube to be turned off, and the bridge type switch unit and the switch tubes in the rectifying unit work to convert the first voltage into the second voltage.
Further, the reverse dc conversion mode includes: in a first working mode, the controller controls to enable the second switching tube to be conducted, the first switching tube to be turned off, and the rectifying unit and the switching tubes in the bridge type switching unit work to convert the second voltage to charge the bus capacitor; and the controller controls to enable the first switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube to be turned off, and the rectifying unit and the switching tubes in the bridge type switching unit work to convert the second voltage into the first voltage.
Furthermore, the transformation ratio of the primary winding and the secondary winding of the transformer unit is Np: ns, during the first mode of operation, when the voltage on the bus capacitor is charged to greater than or equal to n times Np: and when the product of Ns and the second voltage is generated, the reverse direct current conversion mode is switched from the first working mode to the second working mode, wherein n is a positive integer.
Further, the first operating mode includes; in the energy storage working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to convert the second voltage into a first alternating current on a secondary side winding of the transformer unit, a diode in the bridge switching unit is conducted to rectify a second alternating current on a primary side winding of the transformer unit into a direct current to charge the bus capacitor, and the diode is connected in anti-parallel with the switching tube in the bridge switching unit; and in a follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit works to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage.
Further, the second operation mode sequentially includes: in the first energy storage working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to convert the second voltage into first alternating current on a secondary side winding of the transformer unit, and at least one switching tube in the bridge type switching unit is conducted to rectify second alternating current on a primary side winding of the transformer unit into direct current; in the first follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage; a second energy storage operating mode, in which at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is turned on to convert the second voltage into a first alternating current on the secondary winding of the transformer unit, and at least one switching tube in the bridge switching unit is turned on to rectify a second alternating current on the primary winding of the transformer unit into a direct current, wherein the switching tubes in the rectifying unit and in the bridge switching unit that are turned on in the second energy storage operating mode are different from the switching tubes that are turned on in the first energy storage operating mode; and in a second follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage.
Furthermore, the second switch tube is a relay.
Furthermore, the first switch tube is a MOSFET.
Furthermore, the bridge switch unit is a full bridge switch unit.
Furthermore, the rectifying unit is a full-wave rectifying unit, a current-doubling rectifying unit or a full-bridge rectifying unit.
The present invention also provides a bidirectional dc converter, comprising: the bridge type switch unit comprises at least one switch tube and comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bus capacitor and respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of a first voltage; the transformer unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and a first end and a second end of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a third end and a fourth end of the bridge type switch unit; and a rectifying unit including at least a switching tube and an inductor, and including a first terminal, a second terminal, a third terminal and a fourth terminal, the first end and the second end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the secondary side winding, the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the second capacitor, at least one of the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit is connected with one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of a second voltage through a first switching tube, the other of the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit is connected to the other of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the second voltage, wherein two ends of the first switch tube are connected with a switch resistance series branch in parallel, the switch resistance series branch comprises a second switch tube and a first resistor, the second switch tube is connected in series with the first resistor, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
Further, the switch resistor series branch is connected between the third terminal of the rectifying unit and the positive terminal of the second voltage.
Further, the switch resistor series branch is connected between the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit and the negative terminal of the second voltage.
Furthermore, the second switch tube is a relay.
Furthermore, the first switch tube is a MOSFET.
Furthermore, the bridge switch unit is a full bridge switch unit.
Furthermore, the rectifying unit is a full-wave rectifying unit, a current-doubling rectifying unit or a full-bridge rectifying unit.
The present invention also provides a bidirectional dc converter, comprising: the above-described bidirectional dc converter; the power factor correction circuit comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the power factor correction circuit are used for receiving direct-current voltage, and the third end and the fourth end of the power factor correction circuit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a prior art full bridge isolated bi-directional dc converter.
Fig. 2 is a block diagram of a bidirectional dc conversion system according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3a is a circuit diagram of a full bridge type switching unit.
Fig. 3b is a schematic circuit diagram of a half-bridge switching unit.
Fig. 4a is a circuit diagram of the current-doubling rectifying unit.
Fig. 4b is a circuit diagram of the full-bridge rectifying unit.
Fig. 4c is a circuit diagram of the full-wave rectification unit.
Fig. 5 is a circuit schematic of a typical unidirectional dc converter.
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional dc converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7a is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the first control stage in the first operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7b is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the second control stage in the first operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7c is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the third control stage in the first operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram illustrating an operation principle of the first control stage in the second operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the second control stage in the second operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8c is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the third control stage in the second operation mode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is a block diagram of a bidirectional dc converter according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 10 is a circuit diagram of a bidirectional dc converter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 11 is a block diagram of a bidirectional dc converter according to another embodiment.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
In an embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectional dc conversion system is provided, and specifically, referring to fig. 2, a block diagram of the bidirectional dc conversion system according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a bidirectional dc converter 100 anda controller 200. The bidirectional dc converter 100 includes a bridge switching unit 110, a transformer unit 120, a rectifying unit 130, a series branch 140 of a switch resistor, and a first switch tube S1, the bridge switching unit 110 includes at least one switch tube and includes a first end d11, a second end d12, a third end d13, and a fourth end d14, and the first end d11 and the second end d12 of the bridge switching unit 110 are respectively connected to a bus capacitor CbusAnd connected to the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of a first voltage V1; the transformer unit 120 comprises a primary winding r1 and a secondary winding r2, wherein a first end d21 and a second end d22 of the primary winding r1 are respectively connected with a third end d13 and a fourth end d14 of the bridge switching unit 110; the rectifying unit 130 comprises at least one switching tube and an inductor, and comprises a first end d31, a second end d32, a third end d33 and a fourth end d34, the first end d31 and the second end d32 of the rectifying unit 130 are respectively connected with the first end d23 and the second end d24 of the secondary winding r2, the third end d33 and the fourth end d34 of the rectifying unit 130 are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the second capacitor C2, and at least one of the third terminal d33 and the fourth terminal d34 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected to one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the second voltage V2 through the first switching tube S1, the other of the third terminal d33 and the fourth terminal d34 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected to the other of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the second voltage V2, the two ends of the first switch tube S1 are connected in parallel with a switch resistor series branch 140, the switch resistor series branch 140 includes a second switch tube S2 and a first resistor R1, and the second switch tube S2 is connected in series with the first resistor R1. And a controller 200 configured to output switching control signals to control terminals of the switching tubes in the bridge switching unit 110 and the rectifying unit 130, and control terminals of the first switching tube S1 and the second switching tube S2, so as to control the bidirectional dc converter 100 to operate in a forward dc conversion mode for converting the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2, or in a reverse dc conversion mode for converting the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1.
In an embodiment of the invention, the first voltage V1 is greater than the second voltage V2, i.e., the forward dc conversion mode is the buck mode, and the reverse dc conversion mode is the boost mode.
Currently, the bridge switching unit 110, the transformer unit 120, the rectifying unit 130 and the first switching tube S1 may constitute a typical unidirectional dc converter to convert the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2. The bridge-type switch unit 110 may be a full-bridge-type switch unit, and please refer to the circuit schematic diagram of the full-bridge-type switch unit shown in fig. 3a, which includes a first bridge arm formed by a switch Q1 and a switch Q2, and a second bridge arm formed by a switch Q3 and a switch Q4. Referring to the schematic circuit diagram of the half-bridge switching unit shown in fig. 3b, the half-bridge switching unit may also be a half-bridge switching unit, which includes a first arm formed by a switching transistor Q1 and a switching transistor Q2, and a second arm formed by a capacitor C3 and a capacitor C4. The rectifying unit 130 may be a current doubler rectifying unit, a full-wave rectifying unit, or a full-bridge rectifying unit. Referring to the circuit diagram of the current-doubling rectifying unit shown in fig. 4a, the current-doubling rectifying unit includes a switching tube S11, a switching tube S21, an inductor L1 and an inductor L2, the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 are connected in series, a first end and a second end of a series branch of the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 are used for respectively connecting two ends of a secondary winding of the transformer, such as a first end d23 and a second end d24 of the secondary winding r2 shown in fig. 2, a first end of a series branch of the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 is further connected to a first end of an inductor L1, a second end of a series branch of the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 is connected to a first end of an inductor L2, a second end of the inductor L1 and a second end of the inductor L2 are connected to each other, a second end of the inductor L1 and a common node of the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 form an output terminal, such as shown in fig. 2 for connecting two ends of a second capacitor C2. Referring to the circuit schematic diagram of the full-bridge rectification unit shown in fig. 4b, the full-bridge rectification unit includes a first bridge arm formed by a switching tube S3 and a switching tube S4, and a second bridge arm formed by a switching tube S5 and a switching tube S6, a common node of the first bridge arm and a common node of the second bridge arm are respectively connected to two ends of a secondary winding of a transformer, such as a first end d23 and a second end d24 of a secondary winding r2 shown in fig. 2, a first end of the first bridge arm is connected to a first end of the second bridge arm and connected to a first end of an inductor L3, a second end of the first bridge arm is connected to a second end of the second bridge arm, and a second end of the inductor L3 and second ends of the first bridge arm and the second bridge arm together form an output end, which is used for connecting two ends of a second capacitor C2 shown in fig. 2. Referring to fig. 4C, a circuit diagram of the full-wave rectification unit includes a switching tube S7, a switching tube S8, and an inductor L4, the switching tube S7 is connected between a first end d23 of the secondary winding r2 and a first end of the inductor L4, the switching tube S8 is connected between a second end d24 of the secondary winding r2 and a first end of the inductor L4, a second end of the inductor L4 and a center tap of the secondary winding r2 jointly form an output end, which is used to connect two ends of the second capacitor C2 as shown in fig. 2, fig. 4C shows the secondary winding r2 including a first secondary winding r21 and a second secondary winding r22, and a common node of the first secondary winding r21 and the second secondary winding r22 is a center tap dr 2. Taking the bridge switching unit 110 as a full bridge switching unit as shown in fig. 3a, and the rectifying unit 130 as a current-doubling rectifying unit as shown in fig. 4a as an example, it forms a circuit schematic diagram of a typical unidirectional dc converter as shown in fig. 5, wherein the bridge switching unit 110 implements dc-to-ac conversion, and the rectifying unit 130 implements ac-to-dc rectifying conversion, so as to implement conversion of the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2. However, the conversion of the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2, and the conversion of the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1, i.e., the bidirectional conversion of direct current, can only be realized, which limits the application space.
Continuing with the example that the bridge switching unit 110 is a full bridge switching unit as shown in fig. 3a, and the rectifying unit 130 is a current-doubling rectifying unit as shown in fig. 4a, the present application connects a switching resistor series branch 140 in parallel at two ends of a first switching tube S1 of a typical unidirectional dc converter as shown in fig. 5, where the switching resistor series branch 140 includes a second switching tube S2 and a first resistor R1, so as to form a circuit schematic diagram of the bidirectional dc converter as shown in fig. 6 according to an embodiment of the present invention, and cooperate with the controller 200 as shown in fig. 2, and next, a principle of implementing bidirectional conversion of dc power is described. In the forward dc conversion mode, the controller 200 controls the first switch tube S1 to be turned on, the second switch tube S2 to be turned off, and the bridge switch unit 110 and the switch tubes in the rectifier unit 130 operate to convert the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2. In the forward dc conversion mode, the operation and principle of the switching tubes in the bridge switching unit 110 and the rectifying unit 130 are the same as those of the conventional unidirectional dc conversion as shown in fig. 5The transducers are the same, and are not described in detail herein for the prior art. In the reverse DC conversion mode, the DC converter comprises a first working mode and a second working mode. In the first operation mode, the controller 200 controls the second switch tube S2 to be turned on, the first switch tube S1 to be turned off, and the rectifying unit 130 and the switch tubes in the bridge switch unit 110 operate to convert the second voltage V2 into the bus capacitor CbusAnd (6) charging. Referring to fig. 7a, referring to a schematic diagram of an operation principle of a first control stage in a first operation mode of an embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 7a, a controller 200 controls to turn on a switching tube S11 in a rectifying unit 130, turn off a switching tube S21, convert a second voltage V2 into an ac voltage on a secondary winding r2 side of a transformer unit 120, and rectify the ac voltage induced on a primary winding r1 side of the transformer unit 120 into a dc voltage through a diode connected in anti-parallel with the switching tube Q3 and the switching tube Q2 in the bridge switching unit 110 to form a bus capacitor CbusAnd (6) charging. Referring to fig. 7b, which is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the second control stage in the first operating mode according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7b, the controller 200 controls to turn on the switching tube S21 in the rectifying unit 130, turn off the switching tube S11, convert the second voltage V2 into an ac voltage on the secondary winding r2 side of the transformer unit 120, and rectify the ac voltage induced on the primary winding r1 side of the transformer unit 120 into a dc voltage through a diode connected in anti-parallel with the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q4 in the bridge switching unit 110 to form the bus capacitor CbusAnd (6) charging. Referring to fig. 7c, as shown in the schematic diagram of the operating principle of the third control stage in the first operating mode of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7c, the controller 200 controls to make the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 in the rectifying unit 130 both turned on, so as to make the inductors L1 and L2 freewheel, and the switching tube Q1, the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q3, and the switching tube Q4 in the bridge-type switching unit 110 are all turned off. Through the cyclic operation from the first control stage to the third control stage in the first working mode, the bus capacitor C is realized by the second voltage V2busAnd (6) charging. Since the second voltage V2 is converted into the first voltageIn the reverse DC conversion mode of the voltage V1, the bus capacitor C is turned onbusThe voltage on the bus capacitor C is zero volt or very low, that is, the input side voltage is greater than the output side voltage, for the step-up conversion of the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1, the converter is in an unstable operation stage, the current of the inductors L1 and L2 has no free-wheeling loop, the accumulated inductor current generates a large impact current, and the devices in the converter are damaged, so that the bus capacitor C is required to be chargedbusThe pre-charging is carried out, the invention adds the switch resistance series branch 140 connected in parallel at two ends of the first switch tube S1, and the bus capacitor C is connectedbusDuring the pre-charging process, the second switch tube is turned on by controlling S2, so that the first resistor R1 can reduce the impact current to prevent the device in the converter from being damaged, and the bus capacitor C on the other side of the transformer unit 120 can be connectedbusAnd (4) pre-charging. As shown in fig. 7a, 7b and 7C and described above, in the first operation mode, the controller 200 controls the second switch tube S2 to be turned on, the first switch tube S1 to be turned off, and the rectifier unit 130 and the switch tubes in the bridge switch unit 110 operate to convert the second voltage V2 into the bus capacitor CbusAnd (6) charging. As mentioned above, the first control stage in the first operation mode and the second control stage in the first operation mode are energy storage operation modes, as mentioned above, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit 130 is turned on to convert the second voltage V2 into the first alternating current on the secondary winding r2 of the transformer unit 120, and the diode in the bridge switching unit 110 is turned on to rectify the second alternating current on the primary winding r1 of the transformer unit 120 into the direct current to be the bus capacitor CbusAnd charging, wherein the diode is connected in anti-parallel with the switching tube in the bridge switching unit 110. In an embodiment of the present invention, the diode is a body diode of a switching tube in the bridge switching unit 110, and may also be a separate diode. As mentioned above, the third control phase in the first operation mode is the freewheeling operation mode, and as mentioned above, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit 130 operates to form a freewheeling loop with the inductor L1 and the inductor L2 in the rectifying unit 130, and the second voltage V2.
As shown in fig. 2, the primary winding of the transformer unit 120The transformation ratio of r1 to the secondary winding r2 is Np: ns, bus capacitor C during the first mode of operationbusThe voltage on is gradually charged to rise. In an embodiment of the present invention, when the bus capacitor CbusThe voltage on is charged to equal to or greater than n times Np: ns is multiplied by the second voltage V2, the bi-directional dc converter 100 switches from the first operating mode to the second operating mode in the reverse dc conversion mode, where n is a positive integer. In an embodiment of the present invention, n is preferably 2. In an embodiment of the present invention, preferably, when the bus capacitor C is usedbusWhen the voltage is charged to a second voltage V2 which is greater than or equal to 20 times, the bidirectional dc converter 100 is switched from the first operation mode to the second operation mode.
Continuing with the example where the bridge switching unit 110 is a full bridge switching unit as shown in fig. 3a, and the rectifying unit 130 is a current-doubling rectifying unit as shown in fig. 4a, the operation principle of the second operation mode in the reverse dc conversion mode according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described as follows. In the second operation mode, the controller 200 controls the first switch tube S1 to be turned on, the second switch tube S2 to be turned off, and the rectifying unit 130 and the switch tubes in the bridge switch unit 110 operate to convert the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1. Referring to fig. 8a, referring to a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the first control stage in the second operation mode of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8a, the controller 200 controls to turn on the switching tube S11 in the rectification unit 130, turn off the switching tube S21, convert the second voltage V2 into an ac voltage on the secondary winding r2 side of the transformer unit 120, and rectify the ac voltage induced on the primary winding r1 side of the transformer unit 120 into a dc voltage through the switching tube Q3 and the switching tube Q2 in the bridge switching unit 110. Referring to fig. 8b, which is a schematic diagram of an operation principle of the second control stage in the second operation mode according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8b, the controller 200 controls to turn on both the switching tube S11 and the switching tube S21 in the rectifying unit 130, so that the inductors L1 and L2 freewheel, and the switching tube Q1, the switching tube Q2, the switching tube Q3, and the switching tube Q4 in the bridge switching unit 110 are all turned off. Referring to fig. 8c, as shown in the schematic diagram of the operating principle of the third control stage in the second operating mode of the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 8c, the controller 200 controls to turn on the switching tube S21 in the rectifying unit 130, turn off the switching tube S11, convert the second voltage V2 into an ac voltage on the secondary winding r2 side of the transformer unit 120, and rectify the ac voltage induced on the primary winding r1 side of the transformer unit 120 into a dc voltage through the switching tube Q1 and the switching tube Q4 in the bridge switching unit 110. Finally, the fourth control phase in the second operation mode shown in fig. 8b is entered to freewheel the inductors L1 and L2. Thus, the second voltage V2 is converted into the first voltage V1 by the cyclic operation of the first control stage to the fourth control stage in the second operation mode. As described above, the first control phase in the second operation mode and the third control phase in the second operation mode are energy storage operation modes, that is, the first energy storage operation mode and the second energy storage operation mode, as described above, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit 130 is turned on to convert the second voltage V2 into the first alternating current on the secondary winding of the transformer unit 120, and at least one switching tube in the bridge switching unit 110 is turned on to rectify the second alternating current on the primary winding of the transformer unit 120 into the direct current, where the switching tubes in the rectifying unit 130 and in the bridge switching unit 110 that are turned on in the third control phase are different from the switching tubes that are turned on in the first control phase. The second control stage in the second working mode and the fourth control stage in the second working mode are freewheeling working modes, and current paths of the freewheeling working modes are the same, namely the current paths of the first freewheeling working mode and the second freewheeling working mode are the same.
As described above, the controller 200 is configured to output the switching control signals to the control terminals of the switching tubes within the bridge switching unit 110 and the rectifying unit 130, and the control terminals of the first switching tube S1 and the second switching tube S2, and control such that the bidirectional dc converter 100 can operate in the forward dc conversion mode of converting the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2, or in the reverse dc conversion mode of converting the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1. In an embodiment, in the reverse dc conversion mode for converting the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1, only the diode in the bridge switch unit 110 is turned on, so that the switching device loss is small and the efficiency of the bidirectional dc converter 100 is high. The bidirectional DC converter can realize the bidirectional function on the basis of the existing unidirectional DC converter, has the advantages of small design change, low replacement cost, small volume and greatly reduced cost, and realizes the bidirectional DC conversion function under the condition of not losing the forward efficiency.
As described above, the first switching tube S1 and the switching resistor series branch 140 are connected between the third terminal d33 of the rectifying unit 130 and the positive terminal of the second voltage V2, and the fourth terminal d34 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected to the negative terminal of the second voltage V2, that is, the block diagram of the bidirectional dc converter according to the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 9 is illustrated. In an embodiment of the invention, referring to the circuit schematic diagram of the bidirectional dc converter in another embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 10, the first switching tube S1 and the switching resistor series branch 140 may be further connected between the fourth terminal d34 of the rectifying unit 130 and the negative terminal of the second voltage V2, and the third terminal d33 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected to the positive terminal of the second voltage V2, which has the same working principle as the converter shown in fig. 6 and will not be described herein again. The bridge switch unit 110 in fig. 9 and 10 may also be a half-bridge switch unit or a full-bridge switch unit, and the rectifying unit 130 may also be a current-doubler rectifying unit, a full-wave rectifying unit or a full-bridge rectifying unit. And will not be described in detail herein.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second switch tube S2 is a relay. In an embodiment of the invention, the second switch tube S2 is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET).
In an embodiment of the invention, the first switch tube S1 is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). In an embodiment of the invention, the first switch tube S1 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
In an embodiment of the present invention, there is also provided a bidirectional dc converter, as shown in fig. 9 and 10, the bidirectional dc converterThe device 100 comprises a bridge switching unit 110, a transformer unit 120, a rectifying unit 130, a switch resistor series branch 140 and a first switch tube S1, wherein the bridge switching unit 110 comprises at least one switch tube and comprises a first end d11, a second end d12, a third end d13 and a fourth end d14, and the first end d11 and the second end d12 of the bridge switching unit 110 are respectively connected with a bus capacitor CbusAnd connected to the positive and negative terminals, respectively, of a first voltage V1; the transformer unit 120 comprises a primary winding r1 and a secondary winding r2, wherein a first end d21 and a second end d22 of the primary winding r1 are respectively connected with a third end d13 and a fourth end d14 of the bridge switching unit 110; the rectifying unit 130 comprises at least one switching tube and an inductor, and comprises a first end d31, a second end d32, a third end d33 and a fourth end d34, the first end d31 and the second end d32 of the rectifying unit 130 are respectively connected with a first end d23 and a second end d24 of the secondary winding R2, the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit 130 are respectively connected with a first end and a second end of a second capacitor C2, at least one of the third end d33 and the fourth end d34 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected with one of a positive end and a negative end of a second voltage V2 through a first switching tube S1, the other of the third end d33 and the fourth end d34 of the rectifying unit 130 is connected with the other of the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage V2, wherein two ends of the first switching tube S1 are connected in parallel with a switching resistor series branch 140, the switching resistor series branch 140 comprises a second switching tube S2 and a first switch R585, and a second switch resistor S57323 and a second switch 58r 573, wherein the first voltage V1 is greater than the second voltage V2.
As described above, the switching resistor series branch 140 is added to the conventional unidirectional dc converter shown in fig. 5, and the unidirectional dc converter and the switching resistor series branch 140 cooperate to convert the first voltage V1 into the second voltage V2, or convert the second voltage V2 into the first voltage V1. And the whole converter has smaller volume, the bidirectional direct current conversion control is simpler, the hardware change is smaller, and the miniaturization trend of the power converter is met.
The bridge switch unit 110 in fig. 9 and 10 may also be a half-bridge switch unit or a full-bridge switch unit, and the rectifying unit 130 may also be a current-doubler rectifying unit, a full-wave rectifying unit or a full-bridge rectifying unit. And will not be described in detail herein.
In an embodiment of the invention, the second switch tube S2 is a relay. In an embodiment of the invention, the second switch tube S2 is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET).
In an embodiment of the invention, the first switch tube S1 is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET). In an embodiment of the invention, the first switch tube S1 is an Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT).
In an embodiment of the present invention, a bidirectional dc converter is further provided, which includes the bidirectional dc converter 100 shown in fig. 9 or fig. 10, and includes a power factor correction circuit 140, as shown in fig. 11, which is a block diagram of a bidirectional dc converter according to another embodiment of the present invention, and includes a power factor correction circuit 150 on the basis of the bidirectional dc converter 100 shown in fig. 9. As shown in fig. 11, the power factor correction circuit 150 includes a first terminal d41, a second terminal d42, a third terminal d43 and a fourth terminal d44, the first terminal d41 and the second terminal d42 of the power factor correction circuit 150 are configured to receive the dc voltage V11, and the third terminal d43 and the fourth terminal d44 of the power factor correction circuit 150 are respectively connected to the first terminal d11 and the second terminal d12 of the bridge switch unit 110. To form a bidirectional dc converter with power factor correction. Which has the advantages of the bidirectional dc converter 100 described above and will not be described in detail herein.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (14)

1. A bi-directional dc conversion system, comprising:
a bidirectional dc converter, comprising:
the bridge type switch unit comprises at least one switch tube and a first end to a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bus capacitor and respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of a first voltage;
the transformer unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and a first end and a second end of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a third end and a fourth end of the bridge type switch unit;
the rectifying unit comprises at least one switching tube and an inductor and comprises a first end to a fourth end, the first end and the second end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the secondary side winding, the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of a second capacitor, at least one of the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is connected with one of the positive end and the negative end of a second voltage through the first switching tube, the other of the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit is connected with the other of the positive end and the negative end of the second voltage, two ends of the first switching tube are connected with a switching resistor series branch in parallel, and the switching resistor series branch comprises a second switching tube and a first resistor which are connected in series;
a controller configured to output switching control signals to control terminals of the switching tubes in the bridge switching unit and the rectifying unit and control terminals of the first switching tube and the second switching tube, so as to control the bidirectional dc converter to operate in a forward dc conversion mode for converting the first voltage into the second voltage or a reverse dc conversion mode for converting the second voltage into the first voltage.
2. The bi-directional dc conversion system of claim 1, wherein the forward dc conversion mode is: the controller controls to enable the first switch tube to be conducted, the second switch tube to be turned off, and the bridge type switch unit and the switch tubes in the rectifying unit work to convert the first voltage into the second voltage.
3. The bi-directional dc conversion system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reverse dc conversion mode comprises:
in a first working mode, the controller controls to enable the second switching tube to be conducted, the first switching tube to be turned off, and the rectifying unit and the switching tubes in the bridge type switching unit work to convert the second voltage to charge the bus capacitor;
and in a second working mode, the controller controls to enable the first switching tube to be conducted, the second switching tube to be turned off, and the rectifying unit and the switching tubes in the bridge type switching unit work to convert the second voltage into the first voltage.
4. The bidirectional dc conversion system according to claim 3, wherein a transformation ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding of the transformer unit is Np: ns, during the first mode of operation, when the voltage on the bus capacitor is charged to greater than or equal to n times Np: and when the product of Ns and the second voltage is generated, the reverse direct current conversion mode is switched from the first working mode to the second working mode, wherein n is a positive integer.
5. The bi-directional dc conversion system of claim 3, wherein said first mode of operation comprises;
in the energy storage working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to convert the second voltage into a first alternating current on a secondary side winding of the transformer unit, a diode in the bridge switching unit is conducted to rectify a second alternating current on a primary side winding of the transformer unit into a direct current to charge the bus capacitor, and the diode is connected in anti-parallel with the switching tube in the bridge switching unit;
and in a follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit works to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage.
6. The bi-directional dc conversion system of claim 3, wherein said second operating mode comprises, in order:
in the first energy storage working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to convert the second voltage into first alternating current on a secondary side winding of the transformer unit, and at least one switching tube in the bridge type switching unit is conducted to rectify second alternating current on a primary side winding of the transformer unit into direct current;
in the first follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage;
a second energy storage operating mode, in which at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is turned on to convert the second voltage into a first alternating current on the secondary winding of the transformer unit, and at least one switching tube in the bridge switching unit is turned on to rectify a second alternating current on the primary winding of the transformer unit into a direct current, wherein the switching tubes in the rectifying unit and in the bridge switching unit that are turned on in the second energy storage operating mode are different from the switching tubes that are turned on in the first energy storage operating mode;
and in a second follow current working mode, at least one switching tube in the rectifying unit is conducted to form a follow current loop with the inductor in the rectifying unit and the second voltage.
7. A bi-directional dc converter, comprising:
the bridge type switch unit comprises at least one switch tube and comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bus capacitor and respectively connected with the positive end and the negative end of a first voltage;
the transformer unit comprises a primary side winding and a secondary side winding, and a first end and a second end of the primary side winding are respectively connected with a third end and a fourth end of the bridge type switch unit; and
the rectifying unit comprises at least one switching tube and an inductor, and comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, the first end and the second end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the secondary side winding, the third end and the fourth end of the rectifying unit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the second capacitor, at least one of the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit is connected with one of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of a second voltage through a first switching tube, the other of the third terminal and the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit is connected to the other of the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the second voltage, wherein two ends of the first switch tube are connected with a switch resistance series branch in parallel, the switch resistance series branch comprises a second switch tube and a first resistor, the second switch tube is connected in series with the first resistor, wherein the first voltage is greater than the second voltage.
8. The bidirectional dc converter according to claim 7, wherein the switched-resistor series branch is connected between the third terminal of the rectifier unit and the positive terminal of the second voltage.
9. The bi-directional dc converter according to claim 7, wherein the switched resistive series branch is connected between the fourth terminal of the rectifying unit and the negative terminal of the second voltage.
10. The bi-directional dc converter of claim 7, wherein the second switching tube is a relay.
11. The bi-directional dc converter of claim 7, wherein the first switching transistor is a MOSFET.
12. The bi-directional dc converter according to claim 7, wherein the bridge switching unit is a full bridge switching unit.
13. The bidirectional dc converter according to claim 7, wherein the rectifying unit is a full-wave rectifying unit, a current-doubler rectifying unit, or a full-bridge rectifying unit.
14. A bi-directional dc converter, comprising:
the bidirectional dc converter of claim 7;
the power factor correction circuit comprises a first end, a second end, a third end and a fourth end, wherein the first end and the second end of the power factor correction circuit are used for receiving a direct current voltage, and the third end and the fourth end of the power factor correction circuit are respectively connected with the first end and the second end of the bridge type switch unit.
CN202210001283.6A 2022-01-04 2022-01-04 Bidirectional DC converter and system Active CN114024448B (en)

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