CN110979029B - Charging device and charging method for super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar - Google Patents
Charging device and charging method for super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar Download PDFInfo
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- CN110979029B CN110979029B CN201911043251.7A CN201911043251A CN110979029B CN 110979029 B CN110979029 B CN 110979029B CN 201911043251 A CN201911043251 A CN 201911043251A CN 110979029 B CN110979029 B CN 110979029B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
- B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy-storage tramcar, wherein the charging device comprises a front-stage DC/DC Boost converter and a rear-stage DC/DC Buck converter, the DC/DC Boost converter is connected in parallel by adopting four-phase staggered Boost circuits, the DC/DC Buck converter is connected in parallel by adopting four-phase staggered Buck circuits, the Boost circuits and the Buck circuits are interconnected through a direct-current bus, and the whole system realizes the stable output of the charging voltage of DC0-900V to the tramcar-mounted super-capacitor by controlling the voltage of the direct-current bus at DC 1050V; the invention also discloses a charging method for the super-capacitor energy storage tramcar, wherein the front-stage Boost circuit adopts a double closed-loop control mode of a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, the rear-stage Buck circuit adopts a mode of constant-current voltage limiting control and then constant-voltage current limiting control, and meanwhile, the output current value of the rear-stage Buck circuit is tracked and fed forward to the front-stage Boost circuit, so that the voltage of a direct-current bus can be stably controlled at DC1050V.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of traffic engineering charging, in particular to a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar.
The background technology is as follows:
modern tramcars have attractive, environment-friendly and resource-saving functions of adapting to small curve radius and large gradient, can adapt to passenger flow demands from 0.5 ten thousand to 1.5 ten thousand times per hour in one direction, can reach 70 km/h to 80km/h in design, and has lower noise than urban background traffic in general operation. And with research and development of super-capacitors, the energy density and the power density of the super-capacitor are greatly improved, and the characteristic of rapid charge and discharge of the super-capacitor is also suitable for urban rail transit which is frequently started and stopped.
The super capacitor energy storage type tramcar has the energy storage power supply capable of absorbing regenerated energy of the vehicle, the efficiency reaching over 85 percent, and the traction energy consumption being reduced by over 20 percent compared with that of a traditional power receiving mode rail traffic vehicle, and due to the fact that a power supply line of a contact net or a third rail is canceled, the treatment measures of stray reflux current of the steel rail are not needed to be considered in the section, initial investment of the line and the power supply system is reduced to a certain extent, and urban landscapes along roads, particularly intersections, are greatly improved. Based on this, energy storage type trams have been continuously developed and popularized in medium and large cities in recent years.
At present, the existing novel energy storage type tramcar power supply system in China mainly takes AC10kV power supply and DC1500V power supply as main forms. The AC10kV power supply belongs to a distributed power supply system, each charging device is required to be independently provided with a step-down transformer, meanwhile, the rectification function and the direct current conversion function are integrated, the reliability of the whole system is high, and the cost and the design are complex. The DC1500V power supply is of a conventional standard subway power supply system, and the charging device is simple in design and only needs to have a voltage reduction function, so that the charging device is the most commonly used energy storage type tramcar power supply system at present. Because of historical legacy reasons, part of energy storage tramcar power supply systems which are newly designed in China are DC750V, the fluctuation range of power supply voltage is DC 500-900V, the voltage range of an output vehicle-mounted super capacitor is DC0-900V, the input and output are wide, from the perspective of voltage level, the energy storage tramcar power supply system works at boosting and at reducing the voltage at some time, and the system topology design is difficult in consideration of the fact that high-power direct current charging is in a non-isolated design, so that further deep research on the system power supply system and device topology is necessary.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a charging device and a charging method for a super-capacitor energy-storage tramcar, which are used for solving the defect of difficult system topology of high-power direct-current charging caused by the prior art.
A charging device for a super capacitor energy storage type tramcar comprises an input loop, a front-stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear-stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are sequentially connected;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are sequentially connected, wherein the two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse; the input lightning protection is formed by connecting a fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series, the input isolating switch is formed by connecting two isolating switches with the same type in parallel, the input contactor is formed by connecting two contactors with the same type in parallel, the input fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the input end of each phase Boost branch, and the precharge loop is formed by connecting the fast fuse, the contactors and the resistor in series;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the back-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit is including the output fast fuse that links to each other in proper order, clamp diode, output contactor, output isolator and output lightning protection, be connected with output voltage-stabilizing capacitor and resistance between output fast fuse and the clamp diode, output fast fuse establish ties in every looks Buck branch road output positive pole, and the output lightning protection is by fast fuse and arrester series connection constitution.
Furthermore, a crowbar circuit is connected in parallel on a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus of the cascade connection of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter, and the crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
Furthermore, the positive and negative direct current buses connected with the front stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear stage DC/DC buck converter are connected with a discharge branch in parallel, and the discharge branch is formed by connecting a plurality of identical resistors in series after being connected with a contactor in parallel.
Furthermore, the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase staggered Boost circuits to be connected in parallel, and the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence.
Furthermore, the back stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits to be connected in parallel, and the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence.
A charging method for a super capacitor energy storage tramcar, the method comprising the steps of:
starting to charge the vehicle to be charged after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device;
charging the vehicle to be charged by adopting a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor reaches a preset threshold value, converting into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
the voltage stabilizing mode is adopted to ensure that the input voltage of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter is stable in the first-stage charging mode and the second-stage charging mode;
and (5) reaching a charging standard, completing charging, and stopping charging.
Further, the method for judging that the connection between the vehicle to be charged and the charging device is completed comprises the following steps:
a vehicle to be charged enters a station, and a charging rail of the charging device is contacted with a pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting voltages at the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, then the contact is considered valid for charging.
Further, the first-stage charging mode is a constant-current voltage-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling charging current at the output end of the charging device, and inputting the charging current into a direct current PI controller through scaling factor conversion;
the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier wave to obtain a current PWM control signal.
Further, the second-stage charging mode is a constant-voltage current-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-voltage current-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a proportional coefficient and feeding the proportional coefficient into a charging voltage PI controller;
the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification, compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier wave to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
Further, the method for judging whether the charging standard is reached is as follows:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value and the second-stage charging mode is ensured to be stable, the charging is judged to be completed.
Further, the voltage stabilizing mode is a dual closed-loop control mode of a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, and the charging control method of the dual closed-loop control mode of the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring comprises the following steps:
the voltage outer ring is regulated by the voltage PI regulator according to the collected actual value of the DC bus voltage and a given voltage fixed value, and a current instruction is output;
the current inner loop controls the input current of the Boost converter according to a current instruction given by the voltage outer loop;
the voltage outer ring takes the direct current bus voltage as a control quantity, the given value is 1050V, the feedback value is the actual sampling value of the direct current bus voltage, the sum of the output currents of the voltage PI regulator and the Buck converter is used as the given value of the current inner ring, the current at the input side of the Boost converter is used as the feedback value, the duty ratio of the Boost converter is output through the adjustment of the current PI regulator, the on-off of the IGBT is controlled, and the direct current bus voltage stabilizing effect during the short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is realized through the implementation of the power feedforward.
The invention has the advantages that: the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter of the invention both adopt a four-phase staggered parallel technology, which not only greatly reduces input/output current ripple, but also greatly improves the dynamic response and efficiency of the whole charging device; after the output current of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter is scaled according to a certain proportion, the output current is introduced into the control unit of the pre-stage DC/DC boost converter and used as the current loop feedforward of the pre-stage DC/DC boost converter, so that the response speed of the pre-stage DC/DC boost converter is greatly improved. When a short-time high-power load is loaded, the voltage of the direct-current bus is quickly stabilized at a set value, so that the distortion of the voltage of the power supply network caused by the impact of the high-power load is effectively restrained, and the power grid adaptability is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for charging a tram according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an electrical topology of a charging device for a tram in accordance with the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a block diagram of the charge control of the pre-stage DC/DC boost converter of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a block diagram of the charge control of the post-stage DC/DC buck converter of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a charging system software of the charging device of the tram in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description, in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a charging device for a super capacitor energy storage type tramcar comprises an input loop, a front stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are sequentially connected;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are sequentially connected, wherein the two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse; the input lightning protection is formed by connecting a fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series, the input isolating switch is formed by connecting two isolating switches with the same type in parallel, the input contactor is formed by connecting two contactors with the same type in parallel, the input fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the input end of each phase Boost branch, and the precharge loop is formed by connecting the fast fuse, the contactors and the resistor in series;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the back-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit comprises an output fast fuse, a clamping diode, a contactor, an isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are connected in sequence, wherein an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast fuse and the clamping diode. The output fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the output end of each phase Buck branch, and the output lightning protection consists of the fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series.
In this embodiment, the front stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear stage DC/DC buck converter are cascaded with a crowbar circuit connected in parallel on a positive and negative DC bus to prevent overvoltage from damaging the supercapacitor. When the output voltage exceeds the chopper trigger voltage, the chopper is automatically turned on to discharge, and when the discharge voltage reaches the release voltage, the chopper is automatically turned off to keep the output voltage within a reasonable range, and the crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
In this embodiment, the discharging branch is connected in parallel to the positive and negative DC buses connected to the preceding stage DC/DC Boost converter and the following stage DC/DC buck converter, and the discharging branch is formed by connecting four identical resistors in parallel and then in series with a contactor, and is used for providing an initial load for the preceding stage Boost circuit when the charging device is started and discharging the bus capacitor to a safe voltage when the charging device is overhauled.
In this embodiment, the pre-stage DC/DC Boost converter uses four-phase interleaved Boost circuits connected in parallel, and the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence.
In this embodiment, the post-stage DC/DC Buck converter is connected in parallel by four-phase interleaved Buck circuits, and the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence.
The method provides a scheme of a two-stage converter for charging a load super capacitor and requiring boosting and time-to-time voltage reduction under the DC750V power supply mode of a urban rail traffic traction network, and the output power of a post-stage voltage reduction converter is fed forward to a pre-stage voltage reduction converter to implement control, so that the stability of output charging voltage is realized, and the method comprises the following steps:
starting to charge the vehicle to be charged after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device;
charging the secondary charging vehicle by adopting a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor reaches a preset threshold value, converting into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
and (5) reaching a charging standard, completing charging, and stopping charging.
In this embodiment, the method for determining that the connection between the vehicle to be charged and the charging device is completed includes the following steps:
a vehicle to be charged enters a station, and a charging rail of the charging device is contacted with a pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting voltages at the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, then the contact is considered valid for charging.
In this embodiment, the first stage charging mode is a constant current voltage limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant current voltage limiting mode includes the following steps:
sampling charging current at the output end of the charging device, and inputting the charging current into a direct current PI controller through scaling factor conversion;
the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular wave to obtain a current PWM control signal.
The constant-current voltage limiting mode adopts direct-current PI control, takes super-capacitor charging current as a control quantity, uses charging current at the output end of a current Hall sampling charging device, converts the charging current into a sampling coefficient, sends the sampling value into a controller, compares the sampling value with a set value, and outputs a modulation wave to compare with a triangular carrier wave through an integral amplification link, so that a current PWM signal is obtained to control a switching tube. The current set value is a charging current value of the vehicle-mounted super capacitor.
In this embodiment, the second stage charging mode is a constant voltage current limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant voltage current limiting mode includes the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a proportional coefficient and feeding the proportional coefficient into a charging voltage PI controller;
the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification, compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular wave to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
The constant voltage current limiting mode adopts charging voltage PI control, takes super capacitor voltage as a control quantity, samples the super capacitor voltage by using a voltage Hall, converts a sampling coefficient into a controller, compares a sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave to compare with a triangular carrier wave through an integral amplification link, and accordingly obtains a voltage PWM control signal to control on-off of a switching tube. The voltage set value is the charging voltage value of the vehicle-mounted super capacitor.
In this embodiment, the method for determining that the charging standard is reached is as follows:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value and the second-stage charging mode is maintained for a period of time, judging that the charging is completed.
The voltage outer loop takes the voltage of a direct current bus as a control quantity, the given value is 1050V, the feedback value is an actual sampling value of the voltage of the direct current bus, the voltage is regulated by a voltage loop PI regulator, the sum of output currents of a superimposed Buck converter is output by the voltage loop PI regulator and is given as a current inner loop, the current at the input side of the Boost converter is used as feedback, the duty ratio of the Boost converter is output, the on-off of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) tube is controlled, and the direct current bus voltage stabilizing effect during short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is realized through the implementation of the power feedforward.
The front-stage DC/DC boost converter adopts a control strategy of combining a voltage outer ring, a current inner ring and current feedforward and rear-stage power feedforward. The main function of the voltage outer ring is to control the DC bus voltage, and the current inner ring controls the input current of the Boost converter according to the current instruction given by the voltage outer ring so as to obtain stable DC bus voltage.
The back-stage DC/DC buck converter adopts a constant-current voltage limiting control mode, and is switched to a constant-voltage current limiting control mode when the voltage of the super capacitor is charged to a set value 840V. And taking the integral output value of the current PI regulator before switching as the integral initial value of the voltage PI regulator after switching, thereby realizing seamless switching in two stages.
Based on the above, the technical scheme is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the power grid energy sequentially passes through a wire inlet high-voltage switch cabinet and a wire inlet high-voltage switch cabinet through a 10kV high-voltage bus, then is changed into 750V direct current through a rectifier transformer and a rectifier, and is input to a DC750V direct current bus through a direct current switch cabinet to supply power to a super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar charging device, and the charging device supplies electric energy required by a vehicle-mounted super capacitor to a charging rail through a wire-connection isolation switch cabinet. After the novel energy storage type tramcar enters the station, the charging device detects a radio frequency entering signal, meanwhile, the pantograph of the vehicle is contacted with the charging rail, if the voltage of the charging rail is detected to be greater than 500V, the pantograph of the vehicle is considered to be in effective contact with the charging rail, the charging device starts an automatic charging program to start charging for the vehicle-mounted super capacitor, and when the radio frequency exiting signal is detected or the vehicle-mounted super capacitor is full, the charging is stopped. The judging conditions of whether the vehicle-mounted super capacitor is full are as follows: after the constant-current voltage limiting mode is switched to the constant-voltage current limiting mode, the charging current is reduced to 50A, or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches a set value, the constant-voltage current limiting mode is kept for continuous charging for 30S.
As shown in fig. 2, a charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tram includes an input loop, a front stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear stage DC/DC buck converter, and an output loop. The input loop comprises an input lightning protection, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are sequentially connected, wherein the input lightning protection consists of the fast fuse and a lightning arrester which are connected in series, the input isolating switch consists of two isolating switches with the same type in parallel, the input contactor consists of two contactors with the same type in parallel, and the input fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the input end of each Boost branch; the precharge circuit is connected in parallel with two ends of the input contactor, and the input voltage stabilizing capacitor and the resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input flash. The pre-charging loop consists of a fast fuse, a contactor and a resistor which are connected in series; the input end of the front stage DC/DC Boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front stage DC/DC Boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear stage DC/DC buck converter. The output end of the back-stage DC/DC Buck converter is connected with an output loop, the output loop comprises an output fast fuse, a clamping diode, a contactor, an isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are sequentially connected, and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast fuse and the clamping diode. The output fast fuse is connected in series with the positive electrode of the output end of each phase Buck branch, and the output lightning protection consists of the fast fuse and a lightning arrester in series.
The front stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear stage DC/DC buck converter are cascaded with a crowbar circuit connected in parallel on a positive direct current bus so as to prevent overvoltage from damaging the super capacitor. The DC/DC Boost converter and the post-stage DC/DC buck converter are cascaded to a discharge branch connected in parallel on a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus, the discharge branch consists of a contactor and four parallel resistors and is used for providing an initial load for a pre-stage Boost circuit when a charging device is started and discharging a bus capacitor to a safe voltage when the charging device is overhauled.
As shown in FIG. 3, the front stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase staggered Boost circuits to be connected in parallel, the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered for 1/4 period in sequence, and a control strategy of combining a voltage outer ring, a current inner ring, current feedforward and rear stage power feedforward is adopted. The voltage outer ring takes the direct current bus voltage as a control quantity, the given value is 1050V, the feedback value is the actual sampling value of the direct current bus voltage, the voltage is regulated by the voltage ring PI regulator, the sum of the output currents of the superimposed Buck converter is output by the voltage ring PI regulator and is given as a current inner ring, the current at the input side of the Boost converter is taken as feedback, the duty ratio of the front-stage Boost converter is output, the on-off of an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) tube is controlled, and the direct current bus voltage stabilizing effect during short-time high-power charging of the super capacitor is realized through the implementation of the power feedforward.
As shown in fig. 4, the post-stage DC/DC Buck converter is connected in parallel by four-phase staggered Buck circuits, the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence, the Buck circuit comprises two control modes of constant current voltage limiting and constant voltage current limiting, the constant current voltage limiting control mode adopts direct current PI control, the charging current of the super capacitor is used as a control quantity, a current given value is the charging current allowed by the vehicle-mounted super capacitor, and the charging current is directly measured by a current hall; the constant voltage current limiting control mode adopts charging voltage PI for adjustment, the voltage of the super capacitor is used as a control quantity, a given voltage value is a voltage value allowed by the vehicle-mounted super capacitor, and the voltage feedback value is directly measured by a voltage Hall. After the super capacitor is charged to a set value, the constant-current voltage-limiting charging stage is switched to the constant-voltage current-limiting charging stage, and the integral output value of the current PI regulator before switching is used as the integral initial value of the voltage PI regulator after switching, so that seamless switching of the two stages is realized.
As shown in FIG. 5, the charging system software flow chart mainly comprises a system initialization module, a train arrival judgment module, a sampling module, a charging enabling module, a communication module, a fault judgment module, a pulse generation module, an equipment shutdown module and a fault clearing judgment module. The charging system is provided with a remote monitoring system, a human-computer interface and other intelligent monitoring systems and is used for monitoring the running state of the charging device, fault judgment, energy storage energy change and the like. When the charging device is powered on, the system is initialized to a standby state. The sampling module transmits voltage signals, current signals, temperature signals and start-in signals to the controller in real time, and the communication module and the controller mutually transmit charging set values and state information of the charging device in real time. When the train entering is detected, the charging device is changed from a standby state to an operating state, a charging instruction is adjusted according to the charging condition of the train, if a fault occurs in the charging process, the charging is stopped immediately, the input contactor is disconnected, the standby state is re-entered after the fault is cleared, and if the charging is normally performed, the standby state is directly entered after the charging is finished, and the next train entering is waited for charging.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the present invention can be carried out in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the above disclosed embodiments are illustrative in all respects, and not exclusive. All changes that come within the scope of the invention or equivalents thereto are intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (10)
1. The charging method for the super-capacitor energy storage type tramcar is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
starting to charge the vehicle to be charged after the vehicle to be charged is connected with the charging device;
charging the vehicle to be charged by adopting a first-stage charging mode;
when the voltage of the super capacitor reaches a preset threshold value, converting into a second-stage charging mode to charge the vehicle to be charged;
the voltage stabilizing mode is adopted to ensure that the input voltage of the circuit is stable in the first-stage charging mode and the second-stage charging mode;
the charging standard is reached, the charging is completed, and the charging is stopped;
the first-stage charging mode is a constant-current voltage-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-current voltage-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling charging current at the output end of the charging device, and inputting the charging current into a direct current PI controller through scaling factor conversion;
the direct current PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification and compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier wave to obtain a current PWM control signal.
2. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tram according to claim 1, wherein the charging method comprises the following steps: the judging method for the connection completion of the vehicle to be charged and the charging device comprises the following steps:
a vehicle to be charged enters a station, and a charging rail of the charging device is contacted with a pantograph of the vehicle to be charged;
detecting voltages at the charging rail and the pantograph;
when the voltage is greater than the set threshold, then the contact is considered valid for charging.
3. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tram according to claim 1, wherein the charging method comprises the following steps: the second-stage charging mode is a constant-voltage current-limiting mode, and the charging control method of the constant-voltage current-limiting mode comprises the following steps:
sampling the voltage of the super capacitor, and converting the voltage into a proportional coefficient and feeding the proportional coefficient into a charging voltage PI controller;
the charging voltage PI controller compares the sampling value with a set value, outputs a modulation wave after integration amplification, compares the modulation wave with a triangular carrier wave, and controls the on-off of the IGBT at the moment of the intersection point of the modulation wave and the triangular carrier wave to obtain a voltage PWM control signal.
4. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tram according to claim 1, wherein the charging method comprises the following steps: the judging method for reaching the charging standard comprises the following steps:
when in the second stage charging mode, the charging current drops to a threshold value;
or after the voltage of the super capacitor reaches the threshold value and the second-stage charging mode is ensured to be stable, the charging is judged to be completed.
5. The charging method for the super capacitor energy storage type tram according to claim 1, wherein the charging method comprises the following steps: the voltage stabilizing mode is a double closed-loop control mode of a voltage outer ring and a current inner ring, and the charging control method of the double closed-loop control mode of the voltage outer ring and the current inner ring comprises the following steps:
the voltage outer ring is regulated by the voltage PI regulator according to the collected actual value of the DC bus voltage and a given voltage fixed value, and a current instruction is output;
and the current inner loop controls the input current of the Boost converter according to a current instruction given by the voltage outer loop.
6. A charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tramcar, characterized in that a charging method for a super capacitor energy storage tramcar according to any one of claims 1-5 is adopted, and the charging device comprises an input loop, a front stage DC/DC boost converter, a rear stage DC/DC buck converter and an output loop which are connected in sequence;
the input circuit comprises an input lightning protection circuit, an input isolating switch, an input contactor and an input fast fuse which are sequentially connected, wherein the two ends of the input contactor are connected with a pre-charging circuit in parallel, and an input voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the input contactor and the input fast fuse;
the input end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the output end of the input loop, and the output end of the front-stage DC/DC boost converter is connected with the input end of the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter;
the output end of the back-stage DC/DC buck converter is connected with the output loop;
the output circuit comprises an output fast fuse, a clamping diode, an output contactor, an output isolating switch and an output lightning protection which are sequentially connected, and an output voltage stabilizing capacitor and a resistor are connected between the output fast fuse and the clamping diode.
7. The charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tram of claim 6, wherein: and a crowbar circuit is connected in parallel on a positive direct current bus and a negative direct current bus which are cascaded with the front-stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear-stage DC/DC buck converter, and the crowbar circuit is formed by connecting an IGBT module and a resistor in series.
8. The charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tram of claim 6, wherein: the positive and negative direct current buses connected with the front stage DC/DC boost converter and the rear stage DC/DC buck converter are connected with a discharge branch in parallel, and the discharge branch is formed by connecting a plurality of identical resistors in series after being connected with a contactor in parallel.
9. The charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tram of claim 6, wherein: the front-stage DC/DC Boost converter adopts four-phase staggered Boost circuits to be connected in parallel, and the working time of each phase of Boost circuit is staggered by 1/4 period in sequence.
10. The charging device for a super capacitor energy storage tram of claim 6, wherein: the back stage DC/DC Buck converter adopts four-phase staggered Buck circuits to carry out parallel connection, and the working time of each phase of Buck circuit is staggered for 1/4 period in sequence.
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| CN113022364B (en) * | 2021-05-06 | 2022-07-08 | 中车青岛四方车辆研究所有限公司 | Tramcar charging control method |
| CN113507211A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-10-15 | 国网宁夏电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Charging circuit with low input current ripple and wide charging voltage range |
| CN115514074A (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2022-12-23 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Voltage sag treatment equipment adopting super capacitor as energy storage device |
| CN115622378B (en) * | 2022-12-06 | 2023-03-28 | 眉山博雅新材料股份有限公司 | High-frequency power supply and direct-current voltage stabilizing device applied to high-frequency power supply |
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