CN110818662A - 一种那布卡辛的合成方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种那布卡辛的合成方法,属于化合物制备技术领域,包括以下步骤:(1)在有机溶剂和催化剂存在的条件下,化合物1与草酰氯反应生成化合物2;(2)在有机溶剂和碱存在的条件下,化合物2与N,O‑二甲羟胺盐酸盐反应生成化合物3;(3)化合物3与格氏试剂反应生成那布卡辛。本发明以化合物1为原料,通过先合成韦伯酰胺,然后将韦伯酰胺与格氏试剂反应即可制备得到那布卡辛,路线短,收率高,成本低,操作简单,适宜工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于化合物制备技术领域,具体涉及一种那布卡辛的合成方法。
背景技术
那布卡辛(Napabucasin),化学名2-乙酰基-4H,9H-萘并[2,3-b]呋喃-4,9-二酮,是由波士顿生物制药技术公司(Boston Biomedical,BBI)开发的国际首创癌细胞干性抑制剂(该药物已被日本住友制药(Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma)以26.3亿美元收购),能同时抑制多个关键的癌细胞“干细胞性”途径,直接作用与恶性肿瘤干细胞和成熟的癌细胞,属于 STAT3抑制剂,目前该药正在进行治疗结肠癌和直肠癌的临床Ⅲ期研究。
那布卡辛现有的合成方法主要有以下5种:1)以邻苯二甲酸酐为起始原料,与2-呋喃锂偶合后,再经还原后进一步偶合以及乙酰化形成萘并[2,3-b]呋喃环,再经氧化得目标化合物,该合成路线所用试剂昂贵;2)以拉帕醇为起始原料;经臭氧氧化一步得那布卡辛,不足之处在于那布卡辛并非为反应的主产物,该路线主要用于生成其衍生物;3) 以2-羟基-1,4-萘醌为起始原料,与2,3-二甲氧基-1,3-丁二烯经硝酸铈铵氧化加成后,再经 DBU氧化得那布卡辛,该方法试剂昂贵,且硝酸铈铵具有一定的毒性;4)以2-羟基-1,4- 萘醌为起始原料,与3,4-二溴丁酮在DBU的作用下环合,进一步氧化得那布卡辛;5) 1,4-萘醌为起始原料,与Thiele-Winter反应后再经过水解、氧化得到2-羟基-1,4-萘醌,2- 羟基-1,4-萘醌再与3,4-二溴丁酮环合反应后,再经氧化得那布卡辛,整条合成路线总收率仅为18.99%。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种合成路线短,收率高,成本低的那布卡辛的合成方法。
一种那布卡辛的合成方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在有机溶剂和催化剂存在的条件下,化合物1与草酰氯反应生成化合物2;
(2)在有机溶剂和碱存在的条件下,化合物2与N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐反应生成化合物3;
(3)化合物3与格氏试剂反应生成那布卡辛。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(1)中,化合物1与草酰氯的摩尔比为1.80~2.00:1.00;优选的,化合物1与草酰氯的摩尔比为1.80:1.00。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(1)满足以下至少一项:
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;
所述催化剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
所述反应的温度为20~35℃。
其中,上述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)具体为:先将化合物1加入有机溶剂中,在惰性气体保护下,搅拌降温至-5~0℃,然后滴加草酰氯,滴加完毕后加入催化剂,于室温下反应后即得化合物2。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(2)中,化合物2与N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为1.00:1.05~2.00;优选的,化合物2与N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为1.00:1.20。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(2)中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;所述碱为有机胺,优选的,所述有机胺为三乙胺。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(2)具体为:先将N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐加入有机溶剂中,惰性气体保护下降温至0℃以下,加入碱混匀后,再滴加化合物2,于20~35℃下反应,即得化合物3。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(3)中,化合物3与格氏试剂的摩尔比为1.00:1.00。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(3)满足以下至少一项:
格氏试剂为甲基溴化镁;
格氏试剂在使用前先加入二氯甲烷中配置成浓度为1mol/L溶液。
其中,上述的合成方法,步骤(3)具体为:先将化合物3加入四氢呋喃中,惰性气体保护下降温至-20±3℃,然后加入格氏试剂的二氯甲烷溶液反应1h,然后升温至 20~35℃下反应完全,即得化合物3。
本发明中涉及的名词解释:
DMF:N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
格氏试剂:通式为RMgX,式中R为脂肪烃基或芳香烃基,X为卤素(Cl、Br或I)。通常用卤代烃和金属镁在无水乙醚或四氢呋喃中制取。
惰性气体:是指在化学反应中不与原料或溶剂发生反应的气体,例如氩气、氮气。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明以化合物1为原料,通过先合成韦伯酰胺,然后将韦伯酰胺与格氏试剂反应即可制备得到那布卡辛,路线短,收率高,成本低,操作简单,适宜工业化生产。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步的描述,并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
以下实施例所使用的原料均可通过市场购买得到。
实施例1
在500mL三口烧瓶中投入10g化合物1,100mL二氯甲烷,氩气保护下,搅拌降温-5~0℃,缓慢滴加2.9g草酰氯到上述二氯甲烷中溶液中,滴加完毕再补加一滴DMF,然后缓慢升温至室温,直至反应液溶清,浓缩得黄色油状物(化合物2,收率100%)备用。
在500mL三口烧瓶中投入N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐4.8g,二氯甲烷200mL,氩气保护下降温至0℃以下,加入三乙胺10.5g,搅拌10min后,再缓慢滴加10.7g化合物2,滴加完后,室温继续反应3hrs,TLC检测反应完全,过滤掉黄色固体(所述固体为三乙胺的盐酸盐),往滤液中加入300mL水,分液,有机相用饱和NaHCO3和NaCl水溶液依次洗涤,浓缩,得10.6g黄色固体(化合物3,收率90%)。
在1000mL三口烧瓶中投入10.5g化合物3,200mL无水四氢呋喃,氩气保护下,降温至-20℃,缓慢滴加37mL 1.0M甲基溴化镁的二氯甲烷溶液,-20℃温度下继续反应1h,然后缓慢升温至室温,继续反应3hrs,TLC检测酰胺反应完全。降温至0℃,滴加饱和的氯化铵水溶液20mL,浓缩,加入100mL乙酸乙酯,分液,乙酸乙酯相用饱和 NaHCO3和NaCl水溶液依次洗涤,Na2SO4固体干燥,浓缩得醇9.1g棕色固体(那布卡辛,收率95%)。
1HNMR:(600MHz,DMSO_d6)8.163-8.135(m,2H),8.040(s,1H),7.933-9.918(m,2H),2.603(s,3H)。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中,化合物1与草酰氯的摩尔比为1.80~2.00:1.00;优选的,化合物1与草酰氯的摩尔比为1.80:1.00。
3.根据权利要求1所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)满足以下至少一项:
所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;
所述催化剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺;
所述反应的温度为20~35℃。
4.根据权利要求1~3任一项所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)具体为:先将化合物1加入有机溶剂中,在惰性气体保护下,搅拌降温至-5~0℃,然后滴加草酰氯,滴加完毕后加入催化剂,于室温下反应后即得化合物2。
5.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,化合物2与N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为1.00:1.05~2.00;优选的,化合物2与N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐的摩尔比为1.00:1.20。
6.根据权利要求4所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷;所述碱为有机胺,优选的,所述有机胺为三乙胺。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)具体为:先将N,O-二甲羟胺盐酸盐加入有机溶剂中,惰性气体保护下降温至0℃以下,加入碱混匀后,再滴加化合物2,于20~35℃下反应,即得化合物3。
8.根据权利要求7所述的合成方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中,化合物3与格氏试剂的摩尔比为1.00:1.00。
9.根据权利要求7所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)满足以下至少一项:
格氏试剂为甲基溴化镁;
格氏试剂在使用前先加入二氯甲烷中配置成浓度为1mol/L溶液。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的合成方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)具体为:先将化合物3加入四氢呋喃中,惰性气体保护下降温至-20±3℃,然后加入格氏试剂的二氯甲烷溶液反应1h,然后升温至20~35℃下反应完全,即得化合物3。
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