CN110809652A - 自由纤维衬垫结构及其生产方法 - Google Patents

自由纤维衬垫结构及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN110809652A
CN110809652A CN201880042672.5A CN201880042672A CN110809652A CN 110809652 A CN110809652 A CN 110809652A CN 201880042672 A CN201880042672 A CN 201880042672A CN 110809652 A CN110809652 A CN 110809652A
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fibers
free
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卢乔·西尼斯卡尔奇
帕特里齐奥·西尼斯卡尔奇
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Fissi Synthetic Fiber Co Ltd
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G7/00Breaking or opening fibre bales
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B68SADDLERY; UPHOLSTERY
    • B68GMETHODS, EQUIPMENT, OR MACHINES FOR USE IN UPHOLSTERING; UPHOLSTERY NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B68G1/00Loose filling materials for upholstery
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G13/00Mixing, e.g. blending, fibres; Mixing non-fibrous materials with fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01GPRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF FIBRES, e.g. FOR SPINNING
    • D01G15/00Carding machines or accessories; Card clothing; Burr-crushing or removing arrangements associated with carding or other preliminary-treatment machines
    • D01G15/02Carding machines
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4391Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres
    • D04H1/43918Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece characterised by the shape of the fibres nonlinear fibres, e.g. crimped or coiled fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/50Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D04H1/732Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by fluid current, e.g. air-lay
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41WEARING APPAREL
    • A41DOUTERWEAR; PROTECTIVE GARMENTS; ACCESSORIES
    • A41D31/00Materials specially adapted for outerwear
    • A41D31/04Materials specially adapted for outerwear characterised by special function or use
    • A41D31/06Thermally protective, e.g. insulating
    • A41D31/065Thermally protective, e.g. insulating using layered materials
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/02Cotton wool; Wadding
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43825Composite fibres
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibres; Composite fibres; Mixed fibres; Ultrafine fibres; Fibres for artificial leather
    • D04H1/43835Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
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  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构,包括容纳多根自由纤维或松散纤维的壳状物,所述结构的特征在于所述自由纤维或松散纤维具有再现真正的鹅绒的长度和部分地细度的切割部。

Description

自由纤维衬垫结构及其生产方法
发明背景
本发明涉及用于生产衬垫(padding),特别是用于服装及类似物的衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构,以及用于制造该纤维结构的方法。
如已知的,在加衬垫的服装、睡袋及类似物中,衬垫主要使用羽绒和/或合成纤维来生产。
通常,合成纤维被加工成不同重量和厚度的圈。
这两种材料,纤维和羽绒都为用户提供良好的隔热和舒适性。
近年来,未应用机械或化学处理的未经加工的合成纤维或天然纤维的使用已经变得广泛。
为此目的,使用多根单独的纤维,每根纤维具有可以从36mm变化到高达65mm和更长的长度。该长度是国际标准。
单一的未经加工的纤维允许获得两个优点。
首先,它们允许模仿羽绒的柔软性和外观,并且其次,与由羽绒制成的产品和经加工的填絮相比,它们允许以相对较低的成本制造产品。
生产成本的降低是由于产品的简单性和低生产成本,而不是材料的较低成本。
事实上,服装制造商具有在世界各地制造的壳状物(shell),并且在收到它们之后,直接在他们的工厂里用简单且自动化系统填充这些壳状物。
从功能和美学角度两者来看,用松散纤维生产的产品最初具有最佳的性能。
然而,在第一次洗涤之后,这些产品已经呈现出严重的问题。
事实上,在将产品在水中洗涤之后,即使在低温下,前述松散纤维聚集在一起并且变得缠结,形成团簇,并且因此在产品中留下空的区域。
换句话说,产生了纤维的不均匀分布,并且因此产品没有均匀的隔热,并且因此衬垫的主要目的不再能实现。
事实上,产品具有暖区和冷区,如通过在洗涤之前和之后进行的温度记录通过实验观察到的。
CN102605447描述了一种平绒再生聚酯超短纤维,其由再生的PET材料通过原材料预处理、旋转滚筒干燥、纺丝、冷成型及其他步骤制备。所获得的产品的切割部长度(cutlength)在3mm和12mm之间,并且产品具有与羽绒的外观和手感相似的外观和手感。
US2007/105469描述了莱赛尔(Lyocell)型纤维素短纤维作为用于床上用品(bedding)、枕头、床垫或家具衬垫的填充纤维的用途,该莱赛尔型纤维素短纤维具有0.10或更大的纤度(以dtex计)和切割部长度(以mm计)之间的比值。
EP1717192描述了一种用于填充床上用品及类似物的填充材料,该填充材料包括具有0.5dtex至2.5dtex的平均尺寸并且被包覆有光滑剂(slickener)并被卷曲的聚酯纤维。纤维被切割成4mm-15mm的平均长度,并且随后被打开。
发明概述
本发明的目的是生产一种用于生产衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构及其制造方法,与使用常规加工方法获得的产品相比,该制造方法允许获得高得多的蓬松度(fillingpower)。
在该目的内,本发明的目的是生产一种具有增加的隔热能力的纤维结构,该纤维结构与常规纤维相比重量相同并且与高品质的羽绒的隔热能力相当。
本发明的另一个重要目的是提供一种自由纤维或松散纤维结构及其制造方法,该制造方法允许生产可以被洗涤而不损失其原始隔热性能的衬垫。
本发明的另外的目的是提供能够被便宜地制造的结构。
该目的和其他目的,将在下文中变得更明显,通过如所附权利要求中要求保护的用于衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构以及其制造方法来实现。
通过检查本发明的优选的但非排他性的实施方案的描述,本发明的主题的另外的特征和优点将变得更明显。
优选的实施方案的描述
根据本发明的用于生产衬垫的松散纤维结构通过包括纤维切割部来表征,该纤维切割部再现真正的鹅绒的长度和部分地细度。
根据本发明,该结构的纤维具有从2mm至28mm的可变长度,具有在从0.8旦至4旦的范围内的纤度或支数。
本发明的纤维的长度与目前最常用于松散纤维产品的切割部非常不同,松散纤维产品具有36mm或65mm的切割部。
根据本发明,该结构可以包括合成纤维或其他的微纤维。
纤维可以具有表面处理,例如硅酮涂层,和/或直接在纤维中,例如中空的、双组分的等,以及不同的形状,光滑的、卷曲的、螺旋的,以及各种类型,合成的、天然的或两者的共混物。
然后以不同浓度制备这些纤维的共混物。
纤维无需经任何另外的处理就可以使用,用与用于生产常规的羽绒衬垫相同的系统和机器直接将它们吹入结构中。
通过用以下制造方法生产纤维来获得产品的体积收率的最佳结果。
在加工之前,将纤维进给到共混室,在共混室中纤维还被用抗静电剂处理48小时。
为了允许连续加工,有利地使用几个共混室。
然后将这些经处理的纤维收集以吹入开松机(opening machine)。
将纤维气动地送入高通风室,在高通风室中它们还可以与不同类型的纤维或与其他材料共混。强通风有助于打开短纤维。
纤维的抽吸在带有两个开始打开纤维的旋转圆筒的机器中发生,并且然后用旋转盘进给到另一个部分。
将纤维直接转移到配备有良好界定的垫圈的粗纱头机(carding willow)。
纤维彼此的完全分离在通过在不同圆筒上带有特定垫圈(从V6至V20及其他)的修改的开松机(opener)的最后一个通道中发生。
这些通道允许纤维的完全打开,而不会对它们产生应力并且因此不会损失它们原始的卷曲性能。
该工艺的目的是达到纤维的最大打开程度和体积,而不会对纤维产生应力并且因此不损坏纤维。
在加工期间,机器中的纤维达到在约50℃和80℃之间的范围内的温度,并且通过通风系统移动,通风系统导致纤维卷曲,这是使纤维更有弹性并且因此使得使用更少的材料来获得相同的蓬松水平成为可能的因素。
纤维的这种通过通风的打开防止了在常规梳理方法中反而会发生的纤维的拉伸,并且因此保持了纤维的卷曲(crimp)和卷曲(curl)性能,而没有对其产生应力。
由于该工艺,使用获得的纤维,可能达到与用已知工艺获得的常规产品的300立方英寸-400立方英寸相比显著更高的600+立方英寸(in3/oz)的“蓬松度”。
由经加工的纤维获得的该更大的体积确保了重量相同下与常规纤维相比,纤维的隔热能力更高,并且与高品质的羽绒的隔热能力相当。
例如,与用本发明的600立方英寸方法生产的纤维相比,需要按重量计两倍量的常规的300立方英寸纤维。
本发明的方法允许极大的节省,这是由于使用更少量的材料并且还由于生产期间的能量节省。
用本发明的方法制造的目前的纤维结构还允许减轻获得的最终服装的重量。
下表列出了不同产品的蓬松度结果:
蓬松度(立方英寸)
Figure BDA0002335849620000051
以上引用的值按照用于羽绒的标准(IDFB部分10-B–2015)以标准方式测量。
作为服装的开口水平并且因此服装的蓬松水平的进一步确认,用根据本发明的方法打开的纤维生产的服装的隔热能力(以CLO值计)与用常规技术打开的类似产品进行了比较。
从下表中列出的结果明显的是,由根据本发明生产的纤维提供的隔热比常规隔热大得多。
CLO产品135g/m2.3.5cm管
本发明产品 2.57
常规产品 1.57
为了比较纤维与羽绒,进行另一项测试,并且观察到隔热值是相似的,如下表中指示的。
与羽绒相比200g/m2.5cm管
本发明产品 2.78
羽绒90/10 2.94
最终产品,即自由纤维或松散纤维结构,由产品的制造商用于由羽绒制造的产品。
用该生产方法,用根据本发明的彼此分离的微切割的自由纤维或松散纤维制造的产品将不再具有上文描述的问题,因为纤维将不再能够彼此聚集和机械耦合。
根据本发明的结构的自由纤维或松散纤维在洗涤之后具有与羽绒相同的行为,并且任何团块可以简单地通过用手抖动干燥产品来消除。
在整个产品中保暖(warmth)是均匀的,因此产品具有最佳的隔热。
这是由于该结构内部的构造由数百万个随机沉积的部件组成,产生了尽可能多的气穴,形成了由超过90%的空气组成的热屏障的事实,这被认为是最好的隔热材料。
本发明的另一个特征是根据需要简单地通过移动大量纤维来调节产品的透气性及其在产品的不同区域的隔热性的可能性。
事实上,使用非常简单的操作,分离大面积的纤维块,增加或减少隔热材料的密度是可能的。
此外,调节纤维的量的可能性允许产品的透气性根据需要增加或减少。
本发明的方法的重要特征是纤维在打开期间不会被损坏。
在实践中,已经发现本发明实现了预期的目标和目的。
事实上,已经生产了一种纤维产品,该纤维产品特别地被设计用于生产用于服装、睡袋、被子等的衬垫,这确保了即使在重复洗涤之后也能保持其最佳的隔热性能。
当然,所使用的材料以及其尺寸根据需要可以是任意的。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构,包括容纳多根自由纤维或松散纤维的壳状物,所述结构的特征在于所述自由纤维或松散纤维具有在2mm和28mm之间的范围内的长度,具有在0.8旦和4旦之间的范围内的纤度或支数。
2.一种用于制造用于衬垫的自由纤维或松散纤维结构的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
通过拆捆机进给所述纤维;
气动地将所述纤维送入高通风室,所述高通风室通过两个开始打开所述纤维的旋转圆筒来进行所述纤维的抽吸;
用旋转盘将所述纤维进给通过随后的部分;
在开松机中完成所述纤维的彼此分离。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述开松机在不同的圆筒上具有从V 6至V20及其他的垫圈。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在加工期间,所述纤维达到在约50℃和80℃之间的范围内的温度,并且通过通风系统移动,所述通风系统导致所述纤维卷曲。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在将所述纤维送入所述通风室的所述步骤期间,将所述纤维与不同类型的纤维或其他材料共混。
6.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,在通过所述拆捆机进给之前,所述纤维被进给通过共混室,在所述共混室中所述纤维还被用抗静电剂处理48小时。
7.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述纤维具有600+立方英寸(in3/oz)的“蓬松度”。
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