CN110802900A - 一种橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110802900A
CN110802900A CN201911174912.XA CN201911174912A CN110802900A CN 110802900 A CN110802900 A CN 110802900A CN 201911174912 A CN201911174912 A CN 201911174912A CN 110802900 A CN110802900 A CN 110802900A
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light
rubber waterproof
film
polyester cloth
parts
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卢贵宝
王玲芳
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Abstract

一种橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法，涉及防水卷材技术领域。一种橡胶防水卷材，包括自上而下设置的PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层。一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：制备蓄光膜；制备不透光膜；制备改性聚酯布层：采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531制得改性聚酯布层；合并封装：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理制得橡胶防水卷材。本发明提供的橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法，通过蓄光膜实现了橡胶防水卷材的蓄光作用，同时通过不透光膜、改性聚酯布层实现对隔光、抗紫外线等性能的改善。

Description

一种橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及防水卷材技术领域，具体而言，涉及一种橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法。
背景技术
防水卷材是建筑、城市、道路等建设过程中使用频率高的物质，其性能、质量直接影响到基础建设的质量和实用寿命。紫外线是防水卷材的主要杀手，紫外线的照射会引起防水卷材的老化，使其变脆，进而发生断裂，丧失防水功能。因此，防水卷材的防紫外线能力对其使用寿命有着重要的影响，尤其是屋顶用的防水卷材。
另外防水卷材应用单一，难以降解，3-5年的使用寿命，使得大量的废弃防水卷材成为污染物，如何扩展防水卷材的应用范围，并提高其使用寿命具有重要意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种橡胶防水卷材，此橡胶防水卷材通过蓄光膜、不透光膜、抗紫外线能力强的改性聚酯布层实现了对隔光、抗紫外线等性能的改善，同时，蓄光膜使得防水卷材经过阳光长时间照射后，能够发光，扩大了其应用范围。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，以通过制备蓄光膜、不透光膜、抗紫外线能力强的改性聚酯布极大的提高最终橡胶防水卷材的隔光、抗氧化、抗紫外线等性能。同时在橡胶防水层的制备过程中加入纳米活性碳酸钙提高了机械强度。
本发明解决其技术问题是采用以下技术方案来实现的。
本发明提出一种橡胶防水卷材，其包括自上而下设置的PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层。
优选地，按照重量份计，蓄光膜主要由以下原料制成：100份聚乙烯，20-30份发光粉，5-10份相容剂。
优选地，不透光膜为填充炭黑的聚乙烯膜。
优选地，采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层。
本发明提出一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：按照重量份计，将100份聚乙烯、20-30份发光粉和5-10份相容剂进行充分混合制得母料；将母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；
制备不透光膜S2：将聚乙烯母粒和炭黑按照质量比为200：1熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层；
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
优选地，制备改性聚酯布层S3步骤包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；
S302步骤：将聚酯布浸入混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率60％-75％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将湿聚酯布在60-70℃下进行预烘15min，再在130-150℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。
优选地，S301步骤中，丙酮、紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌的用量比为150-200ml：10-12g：6-8g：5-9g。
优选地，制备蓄光膜S1步骤中，发光粉为SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy。
优选地，制备蓄光膜S1步骤中，相容剂为马来酸酐或马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃。
优选地，合并封装步骤之前，还包括制备橡胶防水层，制备橡胶防水层步骤包括以下步骤：
捏合：按照重量份计，将30-50份三元乙丙橡胶、4-6份松香树脂、2-4份酚类抗氧剂、4-8份水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和4-6份纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在85-95℃，捏合时间为4-6分钟，捏合机内压力为0.4±0.1MPa；
造粒：将混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在160-200℃，机头温度设定在180-190℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，按照重量份计，将20-30份母粒、2-4份不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在180-230℃，模头温度控制在190-220℃，机头温度控制在210-230℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
本发明实施例的橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法的有益效果是：
(1)本发明的橡胶防水卷材通过蓄光膜、不透光膜、抗紫外线能力强的改性聚酯布层的组合实现了对隔光、抗紫外线等性能的改善。
(2)本发明的橡胶防水卷材添加蓄光膜，能够利用日光或灯光储光在夜晚或黑暗处发光，拓展了橡胶防水卷材的应用范围。
(3)本发明的橡胶防水卷材通过添加炭黑的不透光膜和通过紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌处理的改性聚酯布层实现对光线的阻隔和橡胶防水卷材抗紫外线能力的改善，进而提高其抗老化性能。
(4)本发明通过在制备橡胶防水层时添加纳米活性碳酸钙一定程度上提高了橡胶防水卷材的机械强度。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。实施例中未注明具体条件者，按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy是一种长余辉发光材料，又称夜光材料，是一类在光源激发下，发出可见光，并将获得的部分光能储存起来，在激发停止后，以光的形式将能量缓慢释放出来的一种光致发光材料。其可以利用日光或灯光储光在夜晚或黑暗处发光，具有蓄光作用，以其为主要原料制备的蓄光膜也具有利用日光或灯光储光在夜晚或黑暗处发光的作用。
相容剂中的马来酸酐或马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃能够增大聚乙烯和SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy之间的结合力，使二者变成稳定的共混物。
炭黑是一种无定形碳，具有良好的隔光作用，将其作为填充剂填充到各类材料中，可以大大提高其不透光性。
纳米二氧化钛屏蔽紫外线作用强，有良好的分散性和耐候性。可以作为紫外线屏蔽剂使用。
纳米氧化锌是一种高端的高功能精细无机产品，具有很多特殊的性质，吸收和散射紫外线能力强，可作为紫外线屏蔽材料。
紫外线吸收剂UV-531是一种性能卓越的高效防老化助剂,能吸收240-340纳米的紫外光,具有色浅、无毒、相容性好、迁移性小、易于加工等特点，对聚合物具有保护作用。
纳米活性碳酸钙是一种功能性无机填料，它不但具有降低产品成本的作用，而且还拥有优良的补强性能。其表面亲油疏水，与树脂相容性好，能有效提高或调节制品的刚、韧性和弯曲强度；改善加工性能和耐热稳定性。
下面对本发明实施例的橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法进行具体说明。
本发明实施例提供的一种橡胶防水卷材，其包括自上而下设置的PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，蓄光膜主要由以下原料制成：100份聚乙烯，20-30份发光粉，5-10份相容剂。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，不透光膜为填充炭黑的聚乙烯膜。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层。
本发明提供的橡胶防水卷材通过PVC软质水晶板实现透光，同时实现一级隔水，透过的光在蓄光膜进行储存，不透光膜防止防止紫外线和光进入橡胶防水层而加速橡胶防水层的老化，改性聚酯布层进一步阻止紫外线对橡胶防水层的老化作用。橡胶防水层通过添加纳米活性碳酸钙进一步提高材料的防水性、弯曲强度、加工性能和耐热稳定性。
本发明还提供了上述橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：按照重量份计，将100份聚乙烯、20-30份发光粉和5-10份相容剂进行充分混合制得母料；将母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，制备蓄光膜S1步骤中，发光粉为SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，相容剂为马来酸酐或马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃。
制备不透光膜S2：将聚乙烯母粒和炭黑按照质量比为200：1熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层；
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，制备改性聚酯布层S3步骤包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；紫外线吸收剂UV531溶解在丙酮中，纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌均匀悬浮在溶液中，方便下一步紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌均匀分散。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，S301步骤中，丙酮、紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌的用量比为150-200ml：10-12g：6-8g：5-9g。
S302步骤：将聚酯布浸入混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率60％～75％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将湿聚酯布在60-70℃下进行预烘15min，再在130-150℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。将湿聚酯布在60-80℃下进行预烘15min，去除丙酮，同时可以回收丙酮，减少对环境的污染，再在130-150℃下烘1min，定型，制得紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌均匀分散的改性聚酯布层。
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
进一步地，在本发明较佳实施例中，还包括制备橡胶防水层，制备橡胶防水层步骤包括以下步骤：
捏合：按照重量份计，将30-50份三元乙丙橡胶、4-6份松香树脂、2-4份酚类抗氧剂、4-8份水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和4-6份纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在85-95℃，捏合时间为4-6分钟，捏合机内压力为0.4±0.1MPa；
造粒：将混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在160-200℃，机头温度设定在180-190℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，按照重量份计，将20-30份母粒、2-4份不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在180-230℃，模头温度控制在190-220℃，机头温度控制在210-230℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
以下结合实施例对本发明的特征和性能作进一步的详细描述。
实施例1
本实施例提供的一种橡胶防水卷材，其包括自上而下设置的PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层。
其中，按照重量份计，蓄光膜主要由以下原料制成：100份聚乙烯，20-30份发光粉，5-10份相容剂。
其中，不透光膜为填充炭黑的聚乙烯膜。
其中，改性聚酯布层由纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：1000g聚乙烯、250g的SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy和70g马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃进行充分混合制得母料；将母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；在本实施例中，发光粉为SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy。相容剂为马来酸酐或马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃。在其他实施例中，发光粉和相容剂也可以是其他物质，只要能实现上述技术效果，也在本实施例的保护范围中。
制备不透光膜S2：将2000g聚乙烯母粒和10g炭黑熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：具体包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入1700ml丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入110g紫外线吸收剂UV531、70g纳米二氧化钛和70g纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；
S302步骤：将聚酯布浸入混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率67％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将上述湿聚酯布在65℃下进行预烘15min，再在140℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。
制备橡胶防水层：此步骤主要包括如下步骤：
捏合：将400g三元乙丙橡胶、50g松香树脂、30g酚类抗氧剂、60g水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和50g纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在90℃，捏合时间为5分钟，捏合机内压力为0.4MPa；
造粒：将混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在180℃，机头温度设定在185℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，将250g母粒、30g不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在210℃，模头温度控制在205℃，机头温度控制在220℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
需要说明的是，在本实施例中，有制备橡胶防水层的步骤，在其他实施例中，橡胶防水层也可以是买的橡胶层也能够实现防水的技术效果。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：1000g聚乙烯、200g的SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy和100g马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃进行充分混合制得母料；将母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；
制备不透光膜S2：将2000g聚乙烯母粒和10g炭黑熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：具体包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入1500ml丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入120g紫外线吸收剂UV531、60g纳米二氧化钛和90g纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；
S302步骤：将聚酯布浸入混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率60％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将上述湿聚酯布在70℃下进行预烘15min，再在130℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。
制备橡胶防水层：此步骤主要包括如下步骤：
捏合：将500g三元乙丙橡胶、40g松香树脂、40g酚类抗氧剂、40g水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和60g纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在85℃，捏合时间为6分钟，捏合机内压力为0.3MPa；
造粒：将混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在200℃，机头温度设定在190℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，将200g母粒、40g不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在180℃，模头温度控制在220℃，机头温度控制在210℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：1000g聚乙烯、300g的SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy和50g马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃进行充分混合制得母料；将母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；
制备不透光膜S2：将2000g聚乙烯母粒和10g炭黑熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：具体包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入2000ml丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入100g紫外线吸收剂UV531、80g纳米二氧化钛和50g纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；
S302步骤：将聚酯布浸入混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率75％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将上述湿聚酯布在60℃下进行预烘15min，再在150℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。
制备橡胶防水层：此步骤主要包括如下步骤：
捏合：将300g三元乙丙橡胶、60g松香树脂、20g酚类抗氧剂、80g水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和40g纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在95℃，捏合时间为4分钟，捏合机内压力为0.5MPa；
造粒：将混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在160℃，机头温度设定在180℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，将300g母粒、20g不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在230℃，模头温度控制在190℃，机头温度控制在230℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
对比例1
本实施例中提供了一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，本实施例与实施例2中的主要区别在于：没有制备橡胶防水层的步骤，直接采用三元乙丙橡胶作为橡胶防水层。
对比例2
本实施例中提供了一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，本实施例与实施例2中的主要区别在于：制备橡胶防水层的捏合步骤中，制备混合料时不加纳米活性碳酸钙。
对比例3
本实施例中提供了一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，本实施例与实施例2中的主要区别在于：没有制备不透光膜S2的步骤，合并封装S4步骤中直接将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
对比例4
本实施例中提供了一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，本实施例与实施例2中的主要区别在于：没有制备改性聚酯布层S3步骤，其他步骤中采用传统的聚酯布层代替改性聚酯布层。
对比例5
本实施例中提供了一种橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，本实施例与实施例2中的主要区别在于：没有制备不透光膜S2的步骤，合并封装S4步骤中直接将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。同时也没有制备改性聚酯布层S3步骤，其他步骤中采用传统的聚酯布层代替改性聚酯布层。
试验例1
本试验例用于说明实施例2～4和对比例1～5制备的橡胶防水卷材的抗紫外线能力(即紫外线照射下老化性能)的评价方法。采用GB/T18244-2000《建筑防水材料老化试验方法》中的人工加速老化中的荧光紫外-冷凝方法。将实施例2～4和对比例1～4制备的橡胶防水卷材曝露在紫外光的老化因素中，按规定的时间检测试样性能的变化，据此评价橡胶防水卷材的抗紫外线能力。试验条件：荧光灯紫外线老化试验箱JR-UV3，UV-A340荧光灯，60℃±3℃紫外光照4h条件下循环连续工作，曝露周期为4周。通过检测外观变化程度(0-4级)和性能变化率(实验前后拉伸性能变化率)评价实施例2～4和对比例1～5制备的橡胶防水卷材的抗紫外线能力，表1给出实验结果。其中，拉伸性能的评价采用GB/T 328.9-2007《高分子防水卷材拉伸性能》进行评价，设备型号电脑式万能材料试验机型号:HY-932C，试验温度25℃。
通过上述表1的实验结果可以看到，不透光膜和改性聚酯布层对最终橡胶防水卷材的抗紫外线性能有较大的影响，制备橡胶防水卷材过程中，不增加不透光膜或者采用传统的聚酯布层代替改性聚酯布层制得的橡胶防水卷材在紫外线的照射下更加容易老化，实验前后拉伸性能变化率大，且外观变化明显，能够看到轻微裂纹。通过对比例1、对比例2和实施例2进行比较，发现采用本发明的方法制备的橡胶防水层比单纯的三元乙丙橡胶具有更优异的拉伸强度。同时，在制备过程中，加入纳米活性碳酸钙能够有效提高最终制备的橡胶防水卷材的拉伸强度。
表1.实施例2～4和对比例1～5制备的橡胶防水卷材外观变化程度和实验前后拉伸性能变化率
Figure BDA0002289704530000141
综上所述，本发明实施例的橡胶防水卷材及其制备方法，通过蓄光膜、不透光膜、抗紫外线能力强的改性聚酯布层的组合实现了对隔光、抗紫外线等性能的改善；添加蓄光膜，能够利用日光或灯光储光在夜晚或黑暗处发光，拓展了橡胶防水卷材的应用范围；通过添加炭黑的不透光膜和通过紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌处理的改性聚酯布层实现对光线的阻隔和橡胶防水卷材抗紫外线能力的改善，进而提高其抗老化性能；添加纳米活性碳酸钙一定程度上提高了橡胶防水卷材的机械强度。
以上所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。本发明的实施例的详细描述并非旨在限制要求保护的本发明的范围，而是仅仅表示本发明的选定实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种橡胶防水卷材，其特征在于，其包括自上而下设置的PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶防水卷材，其特征在于，按照重量份计，所述蓄光膜主要由以下原料制成：100份聚乙烯，20-30份发光粉，5-10份相容剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶防水卷材，其特征在于，所述不透光膜为填充炭黑的聚乙烯膜。
4.根据权利要求1所述的橡胶防水卷材，其特征在于，采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层。
5.一种权利要求1所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，其包括以下步骤：
制备蓄光膜S1：按照重量份计，将100份聚乙烯、20-30份发光粉和5-10份相容剂进行充分混合制得母料；将所述母料经挤出造粒、一次吹膜后制得制备蓄光膜；
制备不透光膜S2：将聚乙烯母粒和炭黑按照质量比为200：1熔融混合后，经二次吹膜制得不透光膜；
制备改性聚酯布层S3：采用纳米二氧化钛、纳米氧化锌和紫外线吸收剂UV531对聚酯布进行改性制得改性聚酯布层；
合并封装S4：采用密封胶粘剂将PVC软质水晶板、蓄光膜、不透光膜、改性聚酯布层、橡胶防水层和基层依次粘接，并经过辊压和高压釜处理，使各层紧密粘合，制得橡胶防水卷材。
6.根据权利要求5所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备改性聚酯布层S3步骤包括以下步骤：
S301步骤：在分散反应釜中投入丙酮，开启搅拌，在高速分散的状态下，加入紫外线吸收剂UV531、纳米二氧化钛和纳米氧化锌制得混合悬浊液；
S302步骤：将所述聚酯布浸入所述混合悬浊液中，二浸二扎，制得带液率60％-75％的湿聚酯布；
S303步骤：将所述湿聚酯布在60-70℃下进行预烘15min，再在130-150℃下烘1min，定型，制得改性聚酯布层。
7.根据权利要求6所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述S301步骤中，所述丙酮、所述紫外线吸收剂UV531、所述纳米二氧化钛和所述纳米氧化锌的用量比为150-200ml：10-12g：6-8g：5-9g。
8.根据权利要求5所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备蓄光膜S1步骤中，所述发光粉为SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy。
9.根据权利要求5所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备蓄光膜S1步骤中，所述相容剂为马来酸酐或马来酸酐接枝聚烯烃。
10.根据权利要求5所述的橡胶防水卷材的制备方法，其特征在于，所述合并封装步骤之前，还包括制备橡胶防水层，所述制备橡胶防水层步骤包括以下步骤：
捏合：按照重量份计，将30-50份三元乙丙橡胶、4-6份松香树脂、2-4份酚类抗氧剂、4-8份水杨酸酯类光稳定剂和4-6份纳米活性碳酸钙加入到高速捏合机内捏合制得混合料，捏合机内温度控制在85-95℃，捏合时间为4-6分钟，捏合机内压力为0.4±0.1MPa；
造粒：将所述混合料在造粒机造粒制得母粒，双螺杆机筒温度保持在160-200℃，机头温度设定在180-190℃；
挤出交联：采用双螺杆挤出机挤出，按照重量份计，将20-30份所述母粒、2-4份不溶性硫磺经双螺杆挤出机塑化挤出，挤出过程中机筒温度控制在180-230℃，模头温度控制在190-220℃，机头温度控制在210-230℃；
压延：通过三辊压延机定型，冷却后按规定尺寸切割、卷取。
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