CN110801809A - 高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及半导体材料的制备,旨在提供一种高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法。包括:将TiO2溶胶和醋酸纤维素溶液,混合、搅拌均匀后作为纺丝液,并利用静电纺丝装置制备纤维;采用活化剂水溶液对制得的纤维进行活化处理;在高温下预氧化,再置于400~600℃氮气气氛下锻烧,获得可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维。本发明避免了传统技术中对载体多孔结构的堵塞问题,纳米TiO2颗粒与基体的结合更加牢固,大大提高了催化剂的应用稳定性和循环使用寿命。活化‑预氧化‑炭化制备工艺解决能大幅提高了纳米TiO2颗粒与外界环境的接触面积,对染料、甲醛等有机污染物具有较高的吸附捕捉能力,有利于提高光催化反应效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体材料的制备,特别涉及一种高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法。
背景技术
半导体材料的光催化法用于降解环境污染物在室温下就可以进行,且不产生二次污染物,具有十分良好的应用前景。当前的光催化剂中TiO2是一种较为成熟的光催化剂,具有无毒、活性高、成本低等优点,已实现产业化应用。TiO2可以降解难降解的有机物、净化空气、杀死细菌,传统的纳米TiO2悬浮相光催化剂易失活、易团聚、难回收的缺点。现有技术主要是将纳米TiO2负载于具有较大比表面积的多孔性材料表面,大多采用TiO2纳米颗粒与多孔性载体颗粒物理混合利用静电吸附作用实现负载,或在多孔性载体颗粒表面进行TiO2纳米颗粒的原位生长,但总体来看,TiO2纳米颗粒容易脱落,负载的结合强度有待进一步提高,而且纳米颗粒的负载还会对原有载体的多孔结构造成堵塞,降低材料的比表面积。为此,本发明提出采用静电纺丝技术一步制备具有多孔结构的纳米TiO2纤维材料,通过配方及活化-预氧化-炭化制备工艺的设计,实现了具有高吸附能力的可见光响应型TiO2负载多孔纤维材料的制备。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有技术的不足,提供一种高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的解决方案是:
提供一种高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)TiO2溶胶制备
将5~15质量份冰醋酸和50~80质量份无水乙醇混合后,将15~30质量份钛酸丁酯滴入其中;密封搅拌0.5~2h使之混合均匀,得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶;再按钛酸丁酯质量2~6%的比例加入富氮化合物,充分搅拌至TiO2溶胶呈均一透明状,然后静置陈化2~4h;
(2)醋酸纤维素溶液制备
室温下将纤维素溶解于溶剂中,得到体积质量分数为5~30%(g/L)的醋酸纤维素溶液;
(3)可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维的制备
按质量比1∶1比例取步骤(1)所得TiO2溶胶和步骤(2)所得醋酸纤维素溶液,混合、搅拌均匀后作为纺丝液,并利用静电纺丝装置制备纤维;
采用质量百分比浓度为5~20wt%的活化剂水溶液对制得的纤维进行活化处理3h;然后在200℃下预氧化12~36h,再置于400~600℃氮气气氛下锻烧1~5h,获得可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维。
本发明中,步骤(1)中滴入钛酸丁酯时,控制滴定入速度为3ml/min。
本发明中,步骤(1)中所述的富氮化合物是尿素、多巴胺或吡咯中的至少一种。
本发明中,步骤(2)中所述的溶剂是醋酸、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺中的至少一种。
本发明中,步骤(3)中所述静电纺丝装置是由高电压发生器、注射泵和纤维接收器组成;静电纺丝时控制:电压为10~30kV,挤出速率为0.05~2.0ml/h,接收距离为10~30cm。
本发明中,步骤(3)中所述的活化剂是氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或二乙胺磷酸盐中的至少一种。
本发明中,步骤(3)中所述活化处理是指将静电纺丝制得的纤维浸没在活化剂水溶液中。
本发明的实现原理:
本发明对静电纺丝液配方进行设计与研选,采用了在有机溶剂中具有较高溶解性的醋酸纤维素进行纺丝,实现纤维素与TiO2溶胶在分子级别的均匀复合。此外,针对以上材料配方体系,采用活化-预氧化-炭化制备工艺,利用活化剂对醋酸纤维素乙酰基进行脱除,从而使得纤维在后续煅烧处理时能保持较好的纤维状结构;通过预氧化与炭化工艺的协同,在纤维中构筑多孔结构并实现碳、氮元素对TiO2的共掺杂改性,特别是间隙型氮掺杂,大大提高了催化剂的可见光催化性能。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明采用静电纺丝工艺一步制得纳米TiO2多孔纤维,有效避免了传统在多孔载体上负载TiO2存在的对载体多孔结构的堵塞问题。该一体化的复合结构使得纳米TiO2颗粒与基体的结合更加牢固,大大提高了催化剂的应用稳定性和循环使用寿命。
2、本发明提供的活化-预氧化-炭化制备工艺,解决了传统静电纺丝工艺所制备纳米TiO2纤维致密、光滑、比表面积较小的问题,大幅提高了纳米TiO2颗粒与外界环境的接触面积,对染料、甲醛等有机污染物具有较高的吸附捕捉能力(对亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色率可达40%以上),有利于提高光催化反应效率。而传统方法制备的纳米TiO2纤维对有机污染物的吸附能力较差(对亚甲基蓝的吸附脱色率小于5%)。
3、在纳米多孔结构构筑的同时,本发明实现碳、氮两种元素对TiO2的共掺杂改性,显著提高了复合材料对可见光的利用效率,获得较强的可见光催化活性。
附图说明
图1为按传统方法制备的纳米TiO2纤维(a)和实施例4中制备获得的可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维(b)的扫描电镜照片。
图2为实施例4中制备获得的可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维的透射电镜照片。
图3为实施例4中制备获得的可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝的降解曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细描述:
高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)TiO2溶胶制备
将5~15质量份冰醋酸和50~80质量份无水乙醇混合后,将15~30质量份钛酸丁酯滴入其中,控制滴定入速度为3ml/min。密封搅拌0.5~2h使之混合均匀,得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶;再按钛酸丁酯质量2~6%的比例加入尿素、多巴胺或吡咯中的至少一种富氮化合物,充分搅拌至TiO2溶胶呈均一透明状,然后静置陈化2~4h;
(2)醋酸纤维素溶液制备
室温下将纤维素溶解于醋酸、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺中的至少一种溶剂中,得到体积质量分数为5~30%(g/L)的醋酸纤维素溶液;
(3)可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维的制备
按质量比1∶1比例取步骤(1)所得TiO2溶胶和步骤(2)所得醋酸纤维素溶液,混合、搅拌均匀后作为纺丝液,并利用静电纺丝装置制备纤维;静电纺丝装置由高电压发生器、注射泵和纤维接收器组成;静电纺丝时控制:电压为10~30kV,挤出速率为0.05~2.0ml/h,接收距离为10~30cm。
采用质量百分比浓度为5~20wt%的活化剂水溶液对制得的纤维进行活化处理3h;活化剂是氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或二乙胺磷酸盐中的至少一种,活化处理是指将静电纺丝制得的纤维浸没在活化剂水溶液中。然后在200℃下预氧化12~36h,再置于400~600℃氮气气氛下锻烧1~5h,获得可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维。
下面的实施例可以使本专业的专业技术人员更全面地理解本发明,但不以任何方式限制本发明。
分别通过8个实施例成功制得可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维的制备方法,各实施例中的试验数据见下表1。
表1实施例数据表
最后,还需要注意的是,以上列举的仅是本发明的具体实施例子。显然,本发明不限于以上实施例子,还可以有许多变形。本领域的普通技术人员能从本发明公开的内容直接导出或联想到的所有变形,均应认为是本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种高吸附能力多孔可见光催化复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)TiO2溶胶制备
将5~15质量份冰醋酸和50~80质量份无水乙醇混合后,将15~30质量份钛酸丁酯滴入其中;密封搅拌0.5~2h使之混合均匀,得到淡黄色TiO2透明溶胶;再按钛酸丁酯质量2~6%的比例加入富氮化合物,充分搅拌至TiO2溶胶呈均一透明状,然后静置陈化2~4h;
(2)醋酸纤维素溶液制备
室温下将纤维素溶解于溶剂中,得到体积质量分数为5~30%(g/L)的醋酸纤维素溶液;
(3)可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维的制备
按质量比1∶1比例取步骤(1)所得TiO2溶胶和步骤(2)所得醋酸纤维素溶液,混合、搅拌均匀后作为纺丝液,并利用静电纺丝装置制备纤维;
采用质量百分比浓度为5~20wt%的活化剂水溶液对制得的纤维进行活化处理3h;然后在200℃下预氧化12~36h,再置于400~600℃氮气气氛下锻烧1~5h,获得可见光响应型纳米TiO2多孔纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中滴入钛酸丁酯时,控制滴定入速度为3ml/min。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述的富氮化合物是尿素、多巴胺或吡咯中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述的溶剂是醋酸、二甲基亚砜或二甲基甲酰胺中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述静电纺丝装置是由高电压发生器、注射泵和纤维接收器组成;静电纺丝时控制:电压为10~30kV,挤出速率为0.05~2.0ml/h,接收距离为10~30cm。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述的活化剂是氢氧化钠、碳酸钠或二乙胺磷酸盐中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中所述活化处理是指将静电纺丝制得的纤维浸没在活化剂水溶液中。
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