CN110800434A - Intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for orchard - Google Patents
Intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for orchard Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800434A CN110800434A CN201911134851.4A CN201911134851A CN110800434A CN 110800434 A CN110800434 A CN 110800434A CN 201911134851 A CN201911134851 A CN 201911134851A CN 110800434 A CN110800434 A CN 110800434A
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- gear
- fertilizer
- stepping motor
- fertilizer discharging
- rack
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C15/00—Fertiliser distributors
Abstract
The invention discloses an intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for an orchard, which comprises a rack, a fertilizer application device and an intelligent control device, wherein the fertilizer application device and the intelligent control device are arranged on the rack; the fertilizer applying device comprises a driving gear set, a driven gear set, a stepping motor, a fertilizer applying box and a fertilizer applying pipe, wherein the driving gear is assembled between the upper layer and the lower layer of the rack and is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor arranged on the upper layer of the rack through a flat key; the intelligent control device comprises a power supply module, a stepping motor driver, a single chip microcomputer, a distance measuring sensor and a photoelectric switch sensor, wherein the stepping motor driver is connected with stepping motor signals, the distance measuring sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer signals, and the photoelectric switch sensor is connected with the single chip microcomputer signals. The invention solves the problems of uneven fertilizer feeding amount of the fertilizer distributor, excessive fertilizer and low fertilizer utilization rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of orchard fertilization, in particular to an intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for an orchard.
Background
Research on precision agriculture originated in the early 80 s of the 20 th century and rapidly progressed to the technological frontier of modern world agriculture, also known as precision agriculture, digital agriculture, information agriculture, computer-aided agriculture, and the like. The variable fertilization is one of the core contents of the precision agriculture, and the technology comprises the collection of soil data and crop nutrition real-time data, a decision analysis system, variable control fertilization mechanical equipment, a variable control technology and the like.
Fertilization is one of important means for promoting growth and development of fruit trees, while a fertilizer applicator is one of the most main working components of orchard ditching and fertilizing machines, but the current orchard fertilizer applicators have the problems of uneven fertilizer input amount, excessive and partial fertilizer application, low fertilizer utilization rate, low input-output ratio and the like, and thus cause a series of problems of seedling burning of fruit trees, reduction of fruit setting rate and eutrophication of soil water body. In order to reduce the fertilizer input amount and realize reasonable fertilizer application, the variable performance of the fertilizer applicator directly influences the fertilization operation quality, and the variable fertilization technology needs to be developed urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide an intelligent variable fertilizer applicator for an orchard, which can effectively solve the problems of uneven fertilizer feeding amount, excessive fertilizer and partial fertilizer application, low fertilizer utilization rate and low input-output ratio of a fertilizer applicator.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: an intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for an orchard comprises a frame, a fertilizer application device and an intelligent control device, wherein the fertilizer application device and the intelligent control device are arranged on the frame; the rack is of a double-layer structure; the fertilizing device comprises a driving gear set, a driven gear set, a stepping motor, a fertilizing box and a fertilizing pipe, wherein the stepping motor is arranged on the upper layer of the rack, the driving gear is assembled between the upper layer and the lower layer of the rack and comprises a first gear, a second gear and a third gear, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and are respectively connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor above through flat keys, the diameters of top circles of the three gears are sequentially increased, the driven gear set is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the rack through a vertical shaft and is mutually meshed with the driving gear set, the fertilizing device comprises a fourth gear, a fifth gear and a sixth gear, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the diameters of the top circles of the three gears are sequentially reduced, the fourth gear is meshed with the first gear, the fifth gear is meshed with the second gear, and the sixth gear is meshed with the third gear, the three gears are all provided with spiral fertilizer discharging channels, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels are same in shape and size, the fertilizer discharging box is fixed on the upper layer of the rack and is positioned right above the driven gear set, the fertilizer discharging pipe matched with the fertilizer discharging box is fixed at the bottom of the lower layer of the rack and is positioned right below the driven gear set, the fertilizer discharging port at the bottom of the fertilizer discharging box is right opposite to the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels and the inlet ends of the fertilizer discharging pipe, the first gear, the second gear and the third gear are driven by the stepping motor to synchronously rotate so as to drive the fourth gear, the fifth gear and the sixth gear to synchronously rotate at a differential speed, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels sequentially rotate to an intersecting state in the rotating process, so that the fertilizer is sequentially filled with the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels from top to bottom and is started to discharge the fertilizer to the fertilizer discharging pipe, and the fertilizer discharging amount of the fertilizer applying device depends on the intersecting degree of the three spiral fertilizer discharging, when the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels rotate to be completely overlapped, the fertilizer discharging amount under the helix angle of the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels is maximum, and variable fertilizer application with less fertilizing devices and less fertilizing devices is realized; the intelligent control device comprises a power supply module, a stepping motor driver, a single chip microcomputer, a distance measurement sensor and a photoelectric switch sensor, wherein the power supply module, the stepping motor driver, the single chip microcomputer and the photoelectric switch sensor are arranged on the lower layer of the frame, the distance measurement sensor is arranged on the top of the fertilizer discharging box, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the stepping motor, the photoelectric switch sensor, the distance measurement sensor, the single chip microcomputer and the stepping motor driver, the stepping motor driver is in signal connection with the stepping motor, the distance measurement sensor is in signal connection with the single chip microcomputer and is used for detecting the discharge amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer discharging box, the photoelectric switch sensor is in signal connection with the single chip microcomputer and is used for detecting a target fruit tree and feeding back the signal to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer calculates the diameter of the current fruit tree and calculates the appropriate, the stepping motor is controlled to rotate at a corresponding speed, so that the fertilizer applying device can discharge fertilizers according to the distance between a fruit tree and the trunk of the fruit tree, and intelligent variable fertilizer discharging is realized.
Furthermore, the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the first gear and the fourth gear, the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the second gear and the fifth gear, and the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the third gear and the sixth gear are respectively equal.
Furthermore, the cross section of the spiral fertilizer discharging channel is shaped like a cashew nut.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the fertilizer applicator can determine different fertilizing amounts according to different diameters of fruit trees, meanwhile, the emission of the fertilizer applicator can aim at the characteristics of the fruit trees, namely, the fertilizing amount needed by the trunk of the fruit trees is large, the fertilizing amount needed by two sides of the fruit trees is small, excessive and biased application of fertilizers can be avoided by emitting different fertilizing amounts to different areas of the fruit trees, intelligent variable fertilizer discharging is realized, and the utilization rate of fertilizers is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a left side view of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a driven gear set of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a top view of the driven gear set of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of a single gear in the driven gear set of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a top view of a single gear in the driven gear set of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific examples.
As shown in fig. 1 to 6, the intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for an orchard according to the present embodiment is mounted on most orchard ditches, and realizes the integrated ditching and variable rate fertilizer application function, and includes a frame, and a fertilizer application device and an intelligent control device mounted on the frame.
The frame is of a double-layer structure.
The fertilizing device comprises a driving gear set, a driven gear set, a stepping motor 207, a fertilizer box 209 and a fertilizer pipe 210; the stepping motor 207 is arranged on the upper layer 101 of the frame; the driving gear is assembled between the upper layer 101 and the lower layer 102 of the rack and comprises a first gear 201, a second gear 202 and a third gear 203, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and are respectively connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor 207 above through a flat key, and the diameters of the top circles of the three gears are sequentially increased, namely the diameter of the top circle of the first gear 201 is 70mm, the diameter of the top circle of the second gear 202 is 90mm, and the diameter of the top circle of the third gear 203 is 120 mm; the driven gear set is arranged between the upper layer 101 and the lower layer 102 of the rack through a vertical shaft and is meshed with the driving gear set, and comprises a fourth gear 204, a fifth gear 205 and a sixth gear 206, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the diameters of the top circles of the three gears are sequentially reduced, namely the diameter of the top circle of the fourth gear 204 is 150mm, the diameter of the top circle of the fifth gear 205 is 130mm, the diameter of the top circle of the sixth gear 206 is 100mm, wherein the six gears are printed by a 3D printer, the material is PLA, the modulus of the six gears is 1, the pressure angle is 20 degrees, the fourth gear 204 is meshed with the first gear 201, the fifth gear 205 is meshed with the second gear 202, the sixth gear 206 is meshed with the third gear 203, spiral fertilizer discharge channels 208 are formed on the three gears, the cross section of each spiral fertilizer discharge channel 208 is shaped like a cashew, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 are the same in shape and size; the fertilizer box 209 is made of hard plastics and is fixed on the upper layer 101 of the rack and positioned right above the driven gear set, the fertilizer pipe 210 matched with the fertilizer box 209 is fixed at the bottom of the lower layer 102 of the rack and positioned right below the driven gear set, and a fertilizer outlet at the bottom of the fertilizer box 209 is over against the three spiral fertilizer channels 208 and the inlet end of the fertilizer pipe 210; the stepping motor 207 drives the first gear 201, the second gear 202 and the third gear 203 to synchronously rotate, so that the fourth gear 204, the fifth gear 205 and the sixth gear 206 are driven to synchronously rotate at a differential speed, namely the rotating speed of the fourth gear 204 is less than the rotating speed of the fifth gear 205 is less than the rotating speed of the sixth gear 206, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 sequentially rotate to an intersecting state in the rotating process, so that fertilizers sequentially fill the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 from top to bottom and start to discharge fertilizers to the fertilizer discharging pipe 210, and the amount of the fertilizers discharged into the fertilizer discharging pipe 210 by the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 depends on the intersecting degree of the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208, namely when the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 rotate to be completely overlapped, the fertilizer discharging amount under the spiral lifting angle of the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels 208 is maximum, and variable fertilizer application of the fertilizer applying device with less change and less change is realized.
The intelligent control device comprises a power supply module 301, a stepping motor driver 302, a single chip microcomputer 303, a distance measuring sensor 304 and a photoelectric switch sensor 305; the power supply module 301, the stepping motor driver 302, the single chip microcomputer 303 and the photoelectric switch sensor 305 are arranged on the PVC plate 103 of the lower layer 102, the distance measuring sensor 304 is arranged at the top of the fertilizer discharging box 209, and the power supply module 301 consists of a 12V lithium battery and a DC/DC voltage conversion module and is used for supplying power to the stepping motor 207, the photoelectric switch sensor 305 (with the model of E3Z-R61/R66), the distance measuring sensor 304 (with the model of LM-075-050-DAC), the single chip microcomputer 303 (with the model of Arduino UNO) and the stepping motor driver 302 (with the model of TB 6600); step motor driver 302 and step motor 207 signal connection, range finding sensor 304 and singlechip 303 signal connection for detect the emission of fertilizer in the fertilizer box 209, photoelectric switch sensor 305 and singlechip 303 signal connection for detect the target fruit tree, and with signal feedback to singlechip 303, calculate the size of current fruit tree diameter and calculate the suitable fertilizer injection volume to this fruit tree by singlechip 303, and then output instruction to step motor driver 302, with the corresponding speed of control step motor 207's rotation, make fertilizer injection unit discharge fertilizer, fertilizer injection unit discharges fertilizer according to the mode variable discharge fertilizer of "the centre is many, both ends are few" to the difference of every fruit tree apart from its trunk far and near simultaneously, realize intelligent variable fertilizer injection.
The above-mentioned embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, so that variations based on the shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an intelligent variable fertilizer distributor for orchard which characterized in that: comprises a frame, a fertilizing device and an intelligent control device, wherein the fertilizing device and the intelligent control device are arranged on the frame; the rack is of a double-layer structure; the fertilizing device comprises a driving gear set, a driven gear set, a stepping motor, a fertilizing box and a fertilizing pipe, wherein the stepping motor is arranged on the upper layer of the rack, the driving gear is assembled between the upper layer and the lower layer of the rack and comprises a first gear, a second gear and a third gear, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom and are respectively connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor above through flat keys, the diameters of top circles of the three gears are sequentially increased, the driven gear set is arranged between the upper layer and the lower layer of the rack through a vertical shaft and is mutually meshed with the driving gear set, the fertilizing device comprises a fourth gear, a fifth gear and a sixth gear, the three gears are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, the diameters of the top circles of the three gears are sequentially reduced, the fourth gear is meshed with the first gear, the fifth gear is meshed with the second gear, and the sixth gear is meshed with the third gear, the three gears are all provided with spiral fertilizer discharging channels, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels are same in shape and size, the fertilizer discharging box is fixed on the upper layer of the rack and is positioned right above the driven gear set, the fertilizer discharging pipe matched with the fertilizer discharging box is fixed at the bottom of the lower layer of the rack and is positioned right below the driven gear set, the fertilizer discharging port at the bottom of the fertilizer discharging box is right opposite to the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels and the inlet ends of the fertilizer discharging pipe, the first gear, the second gear and the third gear are driven by the stepping motor to synchronously rotate so as to drive the fourth gear, the fifth gear and the sixth gear to synchronously rotate at a differential speed, the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels sequentially rotate to an intersecting state in the rotating process, so that the fertilizer is sequentially filled with the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels from top to bottom and is started to discharge the fertilizer to the fertilizer discharging pipe, and the fertilizer discharging amount of the fertilizer applying device depends on the intersecting degree of the three spiral fertilizer discharging, when the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels rotate to be completely overlapped, the fertilizer discharging amount under the helix angle of the three spiral fertilizer discharging channels is maximum, and variable fertilizer application with less fertilizing devices and less fertilizing devices is realized; the intelligent control device comprises a power supply module, a stepping motor driver, a single chip microcomputer, a distance measurement sensor and a photoelectric switch sensor, wherein the power supply module, the stepping motor driver, the single chip microcomputer and the photoelectric switch sensor are arranged on the lower layer of the frame, the distance measurement sensor is arranged on the top of the fertilizer discharging box, the power supply module is used for supplying power to the stepping motor, the photoelectric switch sensor, the distance measurement sensor, the single chip microcomputer and the stepping motor driver, the stepping motor driver is in signal connection with the stepping motor, the distance measurement sensor is in signal connection with the single chip microcomputer and is used for detecting the discharge amount of fertilizer in the fertilizer discharging box, the photoelectric switch sensor is in signal connection with the single chip microcomputer and is used for detecting a target fruit tree and feeding back the signal to the single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer calculates the diameter of the current fruit tree and calculates the appropriate, the stepping motor is controlled to rotate at a corresponding speed, so that the fertilizer applying device can discharge fertilizers according to the distance between a fruit tree and the trunk of the fruit tree, and intelligent variable fertilizer discharging is realized.
2. The intelligent variable rate fertilizer distributor for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the first gear and the fourth gear, the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the second gear and the fifth gear, and the sum of the diameters of the top circles of the third gear and the sixth gear are respectively equal.
3. The intelligent variable rate fertilizer distributor for orchards according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cross section of the spiral fertilizer discharging channel is shaped like a cashew nut.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911134851.4A CN110800434B (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2019-11-19 | Intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for orchard |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911134851.4A CN110800434B (en) | 2019-11-19 | 2019-11-19 | Intelligent variable rate fertilizer applicator for orchard |
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| CN110800434A true CN110800434A (en) | 2020-02-18 |
| CN110800434B CN110800434B (en) | 2021-02-19 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102369804A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-14 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Intelligentized fertilizing apparatus, intelligentized fertilizing method and intelligentized fertilizing machine |
| CN105340443A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-02-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Toward-target fertilizer applicator for orchard and variable control method thereof |
| CN108650958A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-16 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of essence amount fertilizer apparatus based on binocular vision detection |
| CN108650956A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 华南农业大学 | Jiao Yuan is to target variable-rate fertilization and fertilizing method |
| CN108738586A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of variable fertilizer apparatus |
| CN109451937A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of adjustable fertilization system of ratio and farming equipment |
-
2019
- 2019-11-19 CN CN201911134851.4A patent/CN110800434B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102369804A (en) * | 2010-08-19 | 2012-03-14 | 中国农业机械化科学研究院 | Intelligentized fertilizing apparatus, intelligentized fertilizing method and intelligentized fertilizing machine |
| CN105340443A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2016-02-24 | 西北农林科技大学 | Toward-target fertilizer applicator for orchard and variable control method thereof |
| CN108650958A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-16 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of essence amount fertilizer apparatus based on binocular vision detection |
| CN108738586A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-11-06 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of variable fertilizer apparatus |
| CN108650956A (en) * | 2018-05-18 | 2018-10-16 | 华南农业大学 | Jiao Yuan is to target variable-rate fertilization and fertilizing method |
| CN109451937A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-03-12 | 华南农业大学 | A kind of adjustable fertilization system of ratio and farming equipment |
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