CN110787779A - 一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备和应用 - Google Patents
一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种聚合物包裹硅胶核‑壳型色谱填料的制备,是将多孔硅胶、聚合物单体、引发剂、交联剂于甲醇中混合均匀后,室温下静置40~60 min;再在混合物中加入正己烷和苯,搅拌至无明显的固体;然后使混合溶液在氮气保护、70~80℃下搅拌聚合10~12 h;所得固体产物经洗涤、干燥,即得聚合物包裹硅胶核‑壳型色谱填料。本发明通过原位聚合物技术,将聚合物包裹在多孔硅胶上,制得的聚合物包裹硅胶的核‑壳型色谱填料将聚合物的性质优势和硅胶的结构优势结合起来,具有粒径均匀、比表面积大、机械强度高、酸碱稳定性好等优点,而且重复性高,普适性好,对核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类等具有很好的分离效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高效液相色谱填料,尤其涉及一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备方法,主要用于核苷碱基、生物碱、糖类以及磺胺类药物的分离。
背景技术
高效液相色谱(HPLC)是20世纪70年代发展起来的一项高效、新颖、快速的分离分析技术,广泛应用于生物、医药、环境等各个领域。色谱填料是色谱的核心部分,所以研制和开发新型的色谱填料一直是色谱领域一个长久不衰的课题,色谱填料的创新归根到底就是材料的创新。
聚合物作为液相色谱填料具有种类性质多样、无特异性吸附、生物兼容性好、酸碱稳定性强等优点。目前聚合物作为液相色谱填料的方式大致有两种,一种是多孔聚合物微球,但是现有的方法制备的聚合物微球孔径分布广,内部结构和床层结构不均匀,导致微球孔道不规则、渗透率低、力学性能差、柱效率低;另一种是聚合物整体柱,但其主要用作毛细管固定相,难以在常规液相色谱中使用,这些因素极大限制了聚合物在液相色谱填料中的应用。
鉴于聚合物在色谱分离中的存在的潜能,为了推动聚合物在液相色谱填料中的应用,势必要采用一定的手段将聚合物包裹到硅胶表面制备成适用于液相色谱的柱填料。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法;
本发明的另一目的是对上述制备的聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的对于核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类等的液相色分离性能进行研究。
一、聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备
本发明聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填是通过在硅胶表面原位聚合的方法制得。其具体制备工艺为:将多孔硅胶、聚合物单体、引发剂、交联剂于甲醇中混合均匀后,室温下静置40~60 min;再在混合物中加入正己烷和苯,搅拌至无明显的固体;然后使混合溶液在氮气保护、70~80℃下搅拌聚合10~12 h;所得固体产物经洗涤、干燥,即得聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料。
聚合物单体可采用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)、甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)、和丙烯酰胺(PAM)等。多孔硅胶与聚合物单体的质量比为5:1~7:1。
引发剂采用偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN),引发剂的用量为聚合物单体质量的2~3 %;交联剂采用季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA),交联剂的用量为聚合物单体质量的30~50%。
多孔硅胶与甲醇的质量体积比为2~2.5g/mL;正己烷和苯的体积比为5:1~7:1。
所述搅拌速率为150~200 r/min。
所述干燥是在70~80℃的烘干箱中烘干10~12h。
二、聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的分离性能
下面以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAM)作为聚合物单体为例,对本发明制备的聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料对核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类的分离性能进行说明。
色谱柱的制备:采用高压匀浆法将NIPAM包裹硅胶填料装进150×4.6mm规格的不锈钢液相色谱柱。装填过程中,溴乙烷为分散液,甲醇为顶替液,压力为40MPa。
图1是P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对核苷碱基的色谱分离图。其中,1:6-氯脲嘧啶;2:胸腺嘧啶;3:尿苷;4:肌苷;5:鸟嘌呤;6:腺嘌呤;7:胞苷;8:胞嘧啶。色谱分析条件如下:流动相条件:流动相:A(水)和B(乙腈),0-3 min,10%-20%A;3-9 min,20%-20%A;9-10min,20%-65%A;10-30 min,65%-65%A;流速:1ml/min。检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃。进样量20μL。
图2是P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对生物碱的色谱分离图。其中,1:血根碱;2:茶碱;3:秋水仙碱;4:盐酸黄连素;5:盐酸巴马汀;6:药根碱。色谱分析条件如下:流动相条件:流动相: A(甲酸氨溶液)和B(乙腈),0-15min,5%-20%A;15-20min,20%A;流速:1mL/min。检测波长:254nm;柱温:25℃。进样量20 μL。
图3是P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对磺胺类药物的色谱分离图,其中,周效磺胺1:磺胺二甲基嘧啶;2:磺胺眯;3:琥珀酰磺胺噻唑。色谱分析条件如下:流动相条件:流动相: A(水)和B(乙腈),0~10 min,0%~5%A,10~20 min,5%A,流速1mL/min。检测波长254 nm,柱温25℃。进样量20 μL。
图4是P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对糖类的色谱分离图,其中1:D-核糖;2:D-果糖;3:蔗糖;4:乳果糖;5:松三糖。色谱分析条件如下:流动相条件:流动相:A(水)和B(乙腈),梯度条件:0~7 min,10%A,7~50 min,10%~20%A,流速1ml/min。柱温:25℃,EDLS检测器:气体流量:4.0L/min,温度:115℃。进样量20 μL。
综上所述,本发明制备的聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料具有明显的亲水性能,对亲水小分子具有很好的分离效果。解决了聚合物机械性能差、难以运用于液相色谱等一系列问题。成功的拓宽了聚合物在液相色谱仪领域的运用。本发明制备的聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料对核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类等具有很好的分离效果,因此,可用于核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类等的液相色分离。
本发明相对现有技术具有以下优点:
1、本发明通过原位聚合物技术,将聚合物包裹在多孔硅胶上,制得聚合物包裹硅胶的核-壳型色谱填料,该填料将聚合物的性质优势和硅胶的结构优势结合起来,具有粒径均匀、比表面积大、机械强度高、酸碱稳定性好等优点;
2、本发明采用一锅法制备核-壳型色谱填料,对多孔硅胶无需活化,制备过程简单,成本低;
3、本发明制备的核-壳型色谱填料吸附性能好,重复性高,普适性好,对核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药物、糖类等具有很好的分离效果。
附图说明
图1为P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对核苷碱基的色谱分离图。
图2为P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对生物碱的色谱分离图。
图3为P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对磺胺类药物的色谱分离图。
图4为P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料对糖类的色谱分离图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明一种在硅胶表面原位聚合N-异丙基丙烯酰胺类聚合物核-壳色谱填料的制备方法及其色谱分离性能进行说明。
实施例1:P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料的制备
(1)取2.4g多孔硅胶,与0.4g NIPAM、0.012gAIBN、0.2gPETA、5 mL甲醇混合均匀,室温下静置60 min;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物转移至100 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30 mL正己烷后开始搅拌,之后慢慢滴加5 mL苯至溶液中无明显大颗粒固状物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液在氮气保护下搅拌(200 r/min)加热至70℃聚合12 h;所得固体用甲醇洗涤3次,水洗涤3次,70℃下干燥12 h,得到聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料(P-NIPAM@SiO2)。P-NIPAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料分离核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药与糖类的性能见图1、2、3、4。
实施例2:P-MMA@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料的制备
(1)取2.4g多孔硅胶,与0.4g MMA、0.012gAIBN、0.2gPETA、5 mL甲醇混合均匀,室温下静置60 min;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物转移至100 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30 mL正己烷后开始搅拌,之后慢慢滴加5 mL苯至溶液中无明显大颗粒固状物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液在氮气保护下搅拌(200 r/min)加热至70℃聚合12 h;所得固体用甲醇洗涤3次,水洗涤3次,70℃下干燥12 h,得到聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料(P-MMA@SiO2)。P-MMA@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料分离核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药与糖类的性能同实施例1。
实施例3:P-PAM@SiO2核-壳型色谱填料的制备
(1)取2.4g多孔硅胶,与0.2g PAM、0.004gAIBN、0.2gPETA、5 mL甲醇混合均匀,室温下静置60 min;
(2)将步骤(1)所得混合物转移至100 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入30 mL正己烷后开始搅拌,之后慢慢滴加5 mL苯至溶液中无明显大颗粒固状物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合溶液在氮气保护下搅拌(200 r/min)加热至70℃聚合12 h;所得固体用甲醇洗涤3次,水洗涤3次,70℃下干燥12 h,得到聚丙烯酰胺包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料(P-PAM@SiO2)。P-PAM @SiO2核-壳型色谱填料分离核苷碱基、生物碱、磺胺类药与糖类的性能同实施例1。
Claims (10)
1.一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,是将多孔硅胶、聚合物单体、引发剂、交联剂于甲醇中混合均匀后,室温下静置40~60 min;再在混合物中加入正己烷和苯,搅拌至无明显的固体;然后使混合溶液在氮气保护、70~80℃下搅拌聚合10~12 h;所得固体产物经洗涤、干燥,即得聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料。
2.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:聚合物单体采用N-异丙基丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、乙二醇、乙烯醇或丙烯酰胺。
3.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:多孔硅胶与聚合物单体的质量比为5:1~7:1。
4.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于多孔硅胶与甲醇的体积质量比为2~2.5g/mL。
5.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:引发剂采用偶氮二异丁腈,引发剂的用量为聚合物单体的2~3 %。
6.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:交联剂采用季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯,交联剂的用量为聚合物单体质量的30~50%。
7.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:正己烷和苯的体积比为5:1~7:1。
8.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:所述搅拌速率为150~200 r/min。
9.如权利要求1所述一种聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料的制备的方法,其特征在于:所述干燥是在70~80℃的烘干箱中烘干10~12h。
10.如权利要求1方法制备的聚合物包裹硅胶核-壳型色谱填料用于核苷碱基、生物碱、糖类以及磺胺类药物的分离。
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