CN105727910A - 三明治结构手性色谱固定相及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相,包括:聚合物层、纳米金粒子层、硅胶核;其中,纳米金粒子层通过Au?N键或者Au?S键包裹在硅胶核外,聚合物层为最外层,聚合物层通过物理包裹的方法形成稳定的外层壳。本发明还提供一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,包括以下步骤:(1)金纳米溶胶的制备;(2)SiO2Au的制备;(3)三明治结构手性色谱固定相的合成。本发明通过将纳米粒子通过层层自组装的方法负载到硅胶表面,然后在表面涂敷一层聚合物,克服了传统键合硅胶不耐碱以及手性选择性有限的问题。
Description
技术领域:
本发明涉及正相高效液相色谱固定相技术领域,具体地说,涉及一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相及其制备方法。
背景技术:
手性是自然界的一种普遍现象,手性与很多重要的生物行为有关,有效的手性分离技术的发展对于制药和对称体的合成具有至关重要的意义。但是硅胶在碱性条件下本身不稳定易溶解,使分析物的保留特性和峰形发生变化。研究和开发增强硅胶基质在碱性环境中的稳定性和消除硅羟基对碱性物质的不可逆吸附的新型固定相一直以来都是研究人员追求的目标。
随着纳米科学的发展,为分离提供了契机,纳米粒子具有大的比表面积和独特的物理化学性质,被广泛应用到手性分离当中。Li Yang(Yang L,Chen C,Liu X,et al.Electrophoresis.2010,31(10):1697-1705.)等用SH-β-CD修饰的纳米粒子做毛细管色谱固定相,快速分离了三对药物对映体和四对氨基酸对映体,结果表明,纳米粒子显著提高对映体的分离能力。Wang(Wang J,Sun C,Liu X,etal.Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects.2014,455:104-110.)等利用还原法得到纳米粒子并通过自组装法在巯基树脂表面包裹一层纳米粒子,利用表面增强拉曼效应来检测饮用水中百草枯的含量10-12M。Moliner-Martinez(Y.M.Martinez,S.Cardenas,M.Valcarcel.Electrophoresis,2007,28:2573-2579.)等用手性选择剂改性的纳米粒子作准固定相,基线分离了麻黄碱和伪麻黄碱对映体。纳米粒子还被用于手性选择性吸附和识别(N.Shukla,M.A.Bartel,A.J.Gellman,J.Am.Chem.Soc.132(2010)8575;Y.J.Kang,J.W.Oh,Y.R.Kim,J.S.Kim,H.Kim,Chem.Commun.(2010)5665.)。可见,纳米材料作为分离材料可以极大地提高分析物的分离效率。
发明内容:
鉴于此,有必要发明一种在碱性条件下稳定不易溶解的三明治结构手性色谱固定相;同时,还要提供一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法。
一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相,包括:聚合物层、纳米金粒子层、硅胶核;其中,纳米金粒子层通过Au-N键或者Au-S键包裹在硅胶核外,聚合物层为最外层,聚合物层通过物理包裹的方法形成稳定的外层壳。通过将纳米粒子通过种子生长法负,载到硅胶表面,然后在表面涂敷一层聚合物,克服了传统键合硅胶不耐碱以及手性选择性有限的问题。
优选的,硅胶核直径为3~10μm,孔径为3~20nm。硅胶核为球形。
优选的,金纳米粒子粒径在5~25nm,纳米金粒子层厚度为50~200nm。
优选的,聚合物层其物质为具有手性识别能力的聚合物。
优选的,具有手性识别能力的聚合物为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生多糖。
一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)金纳米溶胶的制备:取1~4mmol/L的HAuCl4溶液,搅拌下加入0.01~1mmol/L的柠檬酸钠作为还原剂,50~200mmol/L的硼氢化钠作为保护剂,避光反应0.2~2h;
(2)SiO2@Au的制备:取0.1~1mmol/L金纳米溶胶与10~20mmol/L的氨基或巯基硅胶反应5~18h,将所得溶液离心分离,然后将固体相分散在水中,再与HAuCl4/K2CO3陈化液反应10~18h,加入0.1~1M的盐酸羟胺为还原剂,搅拌8~20h,之后在4000~10000r/min下离心,水洗,在40~100℃下干燥,得到SiO2@Au核壳结构材料;
(3)三明治结构手性色谱固定相的合成:以四氢呋喃为溶剂,充分混合SiO2@Au核壳结构材料、具有手性识别能力的聚合物,用旋转蒸发法得到三明治结构手性色谱固定相。
优选的,步骤(3)中具有手性识别能力的聚合物为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖,制备方法如下:纤维素或者多糖与3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯在无水吡啶60~120℃下回流18~32h,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥得到3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖。
优选的,步骤(1)中HAuCl4溶液、柠檬酸钠、硼氢化钠的体积比为125∶20000∶600。
优选的,步骤(2)中金纳米溶胶、氨基或巯基硅胶、HAuCl4/K2CO3陈化液、盐酸羟胺的体积比为30∶10∶300∶20。
本发明有益效果如下:
1.结构新颖;本发明合成的固定相是以硅胶为核,纳米粒子为中间层,手性聚合物为壳的三明治结构手性色谱固定相。该手性聚合物具有防止纳米粒子流失的作用,并且具有较高的手性分离能力。
2.分离效率高;由于纳米粒子的“表面效应”,使得该固定相对手性化合物具有高的对映体选择性。
3.制备过程简单;原料来源广泛,反应条件温和,在水溶液中进行。
4.对手性药物对映体的分离具有重要的意义。
附图说明:
附图1是三明治结构手性色谱固定相的结构示意图。
附图2是纳米金粒子层包裹的硅胶的SEM表征图。
附图3是倍硫磷分离色谱图。
附图4是二嗪磷分离色谱图。
附图5是布洛芬分离色谱图。
附图6是黄烷酮分离色谱图。
具体实施方式:
如图1所示,一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相,包括:聚合物层、纳米金粒子层、硅胶核;其中,纳米金粒子层通过Au-N键或者Au-S键包裹在硅胶核外,聚合物层为最外层,聚合物层通过物理包裹的方法形成稳定的外层壳。图1中内层球体为SiO2,其外包裹的黑色实心球体表示纳米金粒子,最外部的不规则线状层为聚合物层。
在本实时方式中,硅胶核直径为3~10μm,孔径为3~20nm。金纳米粒子粒径在5~25nm,纳米金粒子层厚度为50~200nm。聚合物层其物质为具有手性识别能力的聚合物,具体为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生多糖。
一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)金纳米溶胶的制备:取125μL 1~4mmol/L的HAuCl4溶液,快速搅拌下加入20mL 0.01~1mmol/L的柠檬酸钠作为还原剂,0.6mL 50~200mmol/L的硼氢化钠作为保护剂,避光反应0.2~2h;
(2)SiO2@Au的制备:取30mL 0.1~1mmol/L金纳米溶胶与10mL 10~20mmol/L的氨基或巯基硅胶反应5~18h,将所得溶液离心分离,然后将固体相分散在水中,再与300mL HAuCl4/K2CO3陈化液反应10~18h,加入20mL 0.1~1M的盐酸羟胺为还原剂,快速搅拌8~20h,之后在4000~10000r/min下离心,水洗,在40~100℃下干燥,得到纳米金粒子层包裹的硅胶,即SiO2@Au核壳结构材料,如图2所示;
(3)三明治结构手性色谱固定相的合成:以四氢呋喃为溶剂,充分混合SiO2@Au核壳结构材料、具有手性识别能力的聚合物,用旋转蒸发法得到三明治结构手性色谱固定相。
在本实时方式中,步骤(3)中具有手性识别能力的聚合物为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖,制备方法如下:纤维素或者多糖与3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯在无水吡啶60~120℃下回流18~32h,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥得到3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖。
将三明治结构手性色谱固定相,匀浆法填充于长150mm,内径为4.6mm的不锈钢柱子中,得到的色谱柱用于分析分离样品,在HPLC模式下,分离了几种手性磷试剂,结果如图3、4所示,色谱条件分别为:正己烷/异丙醇(65/35,V/V)、(60/40,V/V);流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长分别为252nm、250nm。
将三明治结构手性色谱固定相在正相色谱模式下,分离了两种手性药物,结果如图5、6所示,色谱条件分别为:正己烷/异丙醇(60/40,V/V)、正己烷/异丙醇(85/15,V/V)流速为1.0mL/min;检测波长分别为250nm、254nm。
Claims (9)
1.一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相,其特征在于:包括:聚合物层、纳米金粒子层、硅胶核;其中,纳米金粒子层通过Au-N键或者Au-S键包裹在硅胶核外,聚合物层为最外层,聚合物层通过物理包裹的方法形成稳定的外层壳。
2.如权利要求1所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相,其特征在于:硅胶核直径为3~10μm,孔径为3~20nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相,其特征在于:金纳米粒子粒径在5~25nm,纳米金粒子层厚度为50~200nm。
4.如权利要求1所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相,其特征在于:聚合物层其物质为具有手性识别能力的聚合物。
5.如权利要求4所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相,其特征在于:具有手性识别能力的聚合物为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生多糖。
6.一种三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)金纳米溶胶的制备:取1~4mmol/L的HAuCl4溶液,搅拌下加入0.01~1mmol/L的柠檬酸钠,50~200mmol/L的硼氢化钠,避光反应0.2~2h;
(2)SiO2@Au的制备:取0.1~1mmol/L金纳米溶胶与10~20mmol/L的氨基或巯基硅胶反应5~18h,将所得溶液离心分离,然后将固体相分散在水中,再与HAuCl4/K2CO3陈化液反应10~18h,加入0.1~1M的盐酸羟胺为还原剂,搅拌8~20h,之后在4000~10000r/min下离心,水洗,在40~100℃下干燥,得到SiO2@Au核壳结构材料;
(3)三明治结构手性色谱固定相的合成:以四氢呋喃为溶剂,充分混合SiO2@Au核壳结构材料、具有手性识别能力的聚合物,用旋转蒸发法得到三明治结构手性色谱固定相。
7.如权利要求6所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中具有手性识别能力的聚合物为3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖,制备方法如下:纤维素或者多糖与3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯在无水吡啶60~120℃下回流18~32h,然后过滤、洗涤、干燥得到3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的纤维素或者3,5-二甲基苯基异氰酸酯衍生的多糖。
8.如权利要求6所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中HAuCl4溶液、柠檬酸钠、硼氢化钠的体积比为125∶20000∶600。
9.如权利要求6所述的三明治结构手性色谱固定相的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中金纳米溶胶、氨基或巯基硅胶、HAuCl4/K2CO3陈化液、盐酸羟胺的体积比为30∶10∶300∶20。
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