CN110786422A - Daily ration preparation method for reducing ammonia gas content in chicken manure - Google Patents
Daily ration preparation method for reducing ammonia gas content in chicken manure Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content of chicken manure, which comprises the following steps: s1, selecting high-quality mildew-free feed raw materials and feed additives for improving the feed utilization rate, S2, obtaining required parameters of the laying hens under different environmental conditions after completing the ingredients, S3, using an ideal amino acid model, reducing the protein content, reducing the ammonia gas generation, and reducing the laying hen morbidity, S4, wherein the production process mainly comprises the steps of removing impurities from the raw materials, crushing and mixing. The main technical indexes comprise the uniformity of the mixed feed and the control of the granularity of the feed. The invention is prepared by utilizing the ideal protein energy proportion of the laying hens and adopting the techniques of digestible amino acid, a net energy system and the like, and the daily ration of the laying hens which takes corn and bean pulp as main raw materials has comprehensive, balanced and stable nutrition, can reduce the nitrogen emission of the feed, simultaneously satisfies the growth and development of the laying hens, and exerts the maximum genetic potential.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biology and new medicine, in particular to a daily ration preparation method for reducing the content of ammonia gas in chicken manure.
Background
Ammonia is of considerable importance to living beings on earth, and is an important component of many foods and fertilizers. Ammonia is also a direct or indirect component of all drugs. Ammonia has a wide range of uses, and it also has hazardous properties such as corrosiveness. Because of its widespread use, ammonia is one of the most abundant inorganic compounds in the world, and more than eighty percent of ammonia is used in the manufacture of fertilizers.
The ammonia gas in the chicken house is mainly generated after nitrogenous organic matters in the excrement are fermented and decomposed by bacteria. The stimulation is strong, especially the stimulation to mucous membrane is strong, which often causes the diseases of conjunctiva and upper respiratory mucosa congestion and edema of chickens, and has adverse effect on the growth and development of the chickens and the egg laying. Ammonia in gastrointestinal tract is originated from excrement, gastrointestinal digestive product, etc. and urea nitrogen exists mainly in the form of urea and is easy to be hydrolyzed by urease to catalytically produce ammonia gas and carbon dioxide. Fecal nitrogen exists mainly in the form of organic matter and is not easily decomposed, but is also a source of nitrogen in the ammonia gas formation process. The other is environmental ammonia in the house, which is generated by putrefactive decomposition of organic matters such as accumulated fecaluria, feed residues, bedding and the like. Ammonia gas is produced more rapidly in the presence of bedding materials which are moist, of suitable ph and temperature, and of large quantities of manure with considerable air. The content of ammonia gas in the livestock and poultry house depends on the temperature in the house, the feeding density, the ventilation condition, the ground structure, the feeding management level, the manure removal and the like.
Ammonia gas is a toxic, colorless, strongly irritating odor gas, and is perceived at a minimum concentration of 5.3 ppm. The data show that when the ammonia concentration in the chicken house reaches 20ppm and lasts for 6 weeks, congestion and edema of the chicken lungs, appetite reduction of chicken flocks and laying rate reduction can be caused; when the concentration reaches 50ppm, the chicken can suffer from laryngeal edema, necrotic bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory frequency reduction after several days, and death can occur seriously; up to 80ppm for 2 months, can result in 90% reduction in laying rate and increased mortality; up to 100ppm, the mortality rate will increase significantly. It can be said that the presence of ammonia has a great threat to the growth of chickens, and the ammonia concentration in the chicken house should be kept below 20 ppm.
The harm of ammonia gas and moist padding caused by high ammonia gas content can promote the diseases of chicken flocks. Even at a concentration of only 5ppm (difficult to detect by the human nose), ammonia can stimulate the protective mucosa in the respiratory system of chickens, making them more susceptible to disease. The closer the ammonia gas is to the litter, the higher the concentration, which is the location where the chicken is. The ammonia gas can dissolve in the liquid around the eyes of the chickens, so that the strong stimulation is caused to the ammonia gas, and the eyes of the chickens can be blind if the concentration is too high. Other disadvantages of high dunnage moisture and ammonia concentrations include: increasing the problems of foot pathological changes, chest blisters, skin burns, scabbing and the like of the chickens. The chronic respiratory diseases, ascites, swollen head syndrome and the like of the chicken with the highest incidence rate are closely related to the air quality. Any disease in the chicken flock can cause the chickens to compensate and deal with the disease only by the bodies, and the feed energy is wasted. Furthermore, any injury or unhealthy condition may increase the quality degradation of the chickens and carcass contamination.
(1) The chicken is in sub-health and sub-clinical state. The subclinical state has larger influence on the weight increment and the production performance of the chicken, and the nutrition requirement, the feed intake and the weight increment cost of the chicken are finally influenced when the chicken is in the subclinical state.
(2) The immunity of the organism is reduced: the variability of animal immunity is influenced by seasonal factors, environmental factors and stress factors. The chicken immunity can be reduced due to high content of harmful gas in the air, high temperature and high humidity.
(3) The content of harmful gas is high, the content of oxygen is relatively low, so that the chickens can live in an anoxic environment for a long time, and the chicken is manifested by listlessness, anorexia, physique decline, productivity reduction, weakened resistance to diseases and easy infection of some infectious diseases.
(4) Serious diseases can occur
Sudden death syndrome: hypoxia and high carbon dioxide stimulate respiration, and when the oxygen content in the inhaled gas is insufficient or high, the inhalation has direct inhibition effect on medullary respiration center, so that respiratory disorder and even respiratory arrest are caused, and sudden death is caused.
Ascites syndrome: hypoxia and high carbon dioxide in blood can alter kidney metabolism and form ascites.
Chronic respiratory disease in chickens: the disease is caused by Mycoplasma Gallisepticum (MG), a certain proportion of chickens in the chicken flock carry the pathogen, and the mycoplasma does not cause the chicken flock to attack under normal conditions when no other diseases occur. The disease can be secondary seen only when the chicken with the bacteria is in stress (much dust in the environment, strong ammonia, high feeding density and Newcastle disease aerial fog immunity) and has Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis and infectious rhinitis.
Acute pneumonia, pulmonary edema: hydrogen sulfide enters alveoli through the respiratory tract, and a portion of hydrogen sulfide enters the blood quickly, stimulating the nervous system, causing heart failure, acute pneumonia, and pulmonary edema.
Air source colibacillosis: when the content of harmful gas is high, respiratory mucosa is damaged to infect colibacillosis, and air sac inflammation of broiler chickens is caused.
Tracheitis and bronchitis: the dust particles have strong adsorbability, a large amount of bacteria, microorganisms and the like can be adsorbed in the dust, and the dust particles entering the trachea or the bronchus can cause the chicken to generate tracheitis and bronchitis.
(5) And (3) harming: the weight of the slaughtered animal is small, the survival rate is low, the death rate is high, the feed conversion rate is low, the medication cost is high, and the like, so that the economic benefit is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides a daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content of chicken manure. The project aims to reduce the protein content in excrement and reduce the ammonia gas concentration in a henhouse by continuously adjusting the protein content and improving the digestibility of protein aiming at the actual environment of laying hens.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content of chicken manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting high-quality non-mildew feed raw materials and feed additives for improving the utilization rate of the feed.
And S2, obtaining the nutritional requirement parameters of the laying hens under different environmental conditions after completing the ingredients.
S3, using an ideal amino acid model, reducing the protein content, reducing the ammonia gas generation and reducing the incidence of laying hens.
S4, the production process mainly comprises the steps of removing impurities from the raw materials, crushing and mixing. The main technical indexes comprise the uniformity of the mixed feed and the control of the granularity of the feed.
Excrement and bedding of ammonia gas in the henhouse are removed in time, particularly in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, organic matters such as chicken manure and the like are removed in time, the generation source of the ammonia gas is directly removed, and ventilation is carried out in time to avoid the phenomenon that the concentration is too high due to the accumulation of the ammonia gas in the henhouse.
Keeping the chicken coop dry and ventilated, the temperature and the humidity of many places in China are high in summer, and the people should pay attention to cooling and moisture prevention. In winter, except for heat preservation, the ventilation fan and the ventilation holes are periodically opened to keep the air in the house fresh, and the pollution discharge and the dehumidification in the house are more important. When the ammonia concentration in the house reaches 20ppm, the house can smell the strong ammonia smell, and ventilation is needed immediately at the moment until people can feel comfortable without stuffiness and irritation.
The biological ammonia removal method has research that the lactobacillus can reduce the generation of ammonia in chicken manure, and the EM preparation also has the function of controlling and removing the ammonia. The use of antibiotic-free biological feed is the most effective and convenient biological nitrogen removal method. The antibiotic-free biological feed adopts easily digestible raw materials, so that the discharge of a nitrogen source is reduced; the microbial composite fertilizer is rich in beneficial microorganism viable bacteria such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and the like, can degrade nitrogenous organic matters, and reduces the generation of ammonia gas. By using the antibiotic-free biological feed, the ammonia concentration can be reduced by more than 70 percent.
The physical ammonia removal method is characterized in that a mesh bag for placing charcoal is hung in a chicken coop, the concentration of ammonia in the air can be reduced by utilizing the adsorbability of the charcoal, and meanwhile, padding materials with adsorption effects, such as activated carbon, coal cinder, quick lime and the like, are properly scattered on the ground, so that the ammonia in the air can be reduced or even eliminated to different degrees.
Controlling the protein level of the daily ration, and preparing the feed according to the required amount of the chicken body without blindly increasing the protein content. Because the utilization rate of non-protein nitrogen for chickens is extremely low, if the feed contains non-protein nitrogen (such as urea), the ammonia gas in the henhouse can be increased, and the poisoning of chickens is easily caused. Therefore, the raw materials should be strictly checked when preparing the feed, so as to prevent non-protein nitrogen substances from being mixed in the feed.
Through reasonable formula design, the protein utilization rate of the feed is improved, the nutrition of the feed is balanced, and the nutritional requirements of the laying hens under various growth conditions are met. Meanwhile, according to the ideal amino acid level, the required amount of amino acid is set, industrial synthetic amino acid is properly added, and a probiotic preparation is added to prepare the daily ration capable of reducing the ammonia gas content.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. by using the newly developed daily ration for reducing the ammonia content, the ammonia content of the chicken flocks in the henhouse can be greatly reduced. The low protein and beneficial microorganism in the daily ration can increase the concentration of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and effectively propagate, so that the growth of other bacteria, especially pathogenic bacteria, is obviously inhibited. Because the lactic acid bacteria need to take N in ammonia gas as nutrition for survival in intestinal tracts, harmful gases such as ammonia and the like discharged out of human bodies along with excrement are reduced. Thereby reducing the influence of ammonia on animals and environment.
2. The laying hen feed prepared by using the ideal protein energy proportion of the laying hen, adopting the digestible amino acid and net energy system and other technologies and taking corn and bean pulp as main raw materials is comprehensive, balanced and stable in nutrition, can reduce nitrogen emission of the feed, simultaneously satisfies the growth and development of the laying hen, and exerts the maximum genetic potential.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.
Example 1: harmful gases in the chicken house comprise ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, indole and the like, and are ammonia smell, fishy smell and stink, wherein the ammonia smell is mainly that protein is relatively overhigh due to low feed energy, or the feed conversion rate is reduced due to various reasons, so that the intermediate product of protein, namely urate, is decomposed, the harm of the ammonia gas to chicken flocks is the greatest, the ammonia gas can enter an air pipe through the breath of the chicken, is dissolved in water on the surface of the air pipe, a layer of ammonia water is formed on the surface of the air pipe, the air pipe can be stimulated to generate damaged ulcer after a long time, pathogenic microorganisms enter the air pipe in a false mode, and the incidence rate of the chicken flocks is increased. The fishy smell comes from the falling off of intestinal mucosa caused by intestinal diseases such as coccidiosis, enteritis, escherichia coli and the like, and the fishy smell is caused by protein deterioration just like the food with high protein can become stinky fish, stinky meat and stinky eggs. The air in the henhouse is kept fresh by actually keeping the henhouse dry and ventilated, the ammonia concentration in the actual measurement henhouse is less than 20ppm, and the ancient method accords with the international standard.
Example 2: when chicken flocks are infected with chicken diseases, a large amount of antibiotics are used, or the intestinal flora is imbalanced due to stress, so that the feed conversion rate is reduced, and some intestinal diseases are stimulated to occur, and various harmful gases are generated. Particularly, in winter, the level of the metabolic energy of the feed is low, the energy-egg ratio is unbalanced, the protein is converted into energy, and the intermediate product urate can release ammonia gas. In winter, the emphasis is on heat preservation, and the ventilation quantity is insufficient, so that the concentration of ammonia in the henhouse is increased.
With the stricter environmental protection policy, the requirement on ammonia gas in the henhouse is higher. In addition, in autumn and winter, the problem that the ammonia gas in the chicken house cannot be effectively solved because sufficient ventilation and manure discharge cannot be performed, and the method for reducing the ammonia gas content in the air by adjusting the feed formula is the simplest.
Example 3: the reduction of the ammonia gas content in the henhouse is ensured by measures such as nutrition balance, proper protein, high digestion utilization rate, healthy intestinal environment conditions and the like. Through the research of reducing the protein of the laying hens and related supporting measures, the feed cost can be greatly saved, the laying rate is improved, the nitrogen emission is reduced, and therefore the economic benefit of farmers is increased. The laying hen feed prepared by using the ideal protein energy proportion of the laying hen, adopting the digestible amino acid and net energy system and other technologies and taking corn and bean pulp as main raw materials is comprehensive, balanced and stable in nutrition, can reduce nitrogen emission of the feed, simultaneously satisfies the growth and development of the laying hen, and exerts the maximum genetic potential. The project aims to reduce the protein content in excrement and reduce the ammonia gas concentration in a henhouse by continuously adjusting the protein content and improving the digestibility of protein aiming at the actual environment of laying hens.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content of chicken manure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting high-quality non-mildew feed raw materials and feed additives for improving the utilization rate of the feed.
And S2, obtaining the nutritional requirement parameters of the laying hens under different environmental conditions after completing the ingredients.
S3, using an ideal amino acid model, reducing the protein content, reducing the ammonia gas generation and reducing the incidence of laying hens.
S4, the production process mainly comprises the steps of removing impurities from the raw materials, crushing and mixing. The main technical indexes comprise the uniformity of the mixed feed and the control of the granularity of the feed.
2. The method for preparing daily ration for reducing the ammonia gas content in the chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that excrement and bedding of ammonia gas in a chicken house are removed in time, particularly in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, organic matters such as the chicken manure are removed in time, a generation source of the ammonia gas is directly removed, and ventilation is carried out in time, so that excessive concentration caused by accumulation of the ammonia gas in the chicken house is avoided.
3. The daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content in the chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein the temperature and the humidity of a plurality of places in China are kept high in summer by keeping the chicken coop dry and ventilated, and the temperature and the humidity should be reduced and prevented. In winter, except for heat preservation, the ventilation fan and the ventilation holes are periodically opened to keep the air in the house fresh, and the pollution discharge and the dehumidification in the house are more important. When the ammonia concentration in the house reaches 20ppm, the house can smell the strong ammonia smell, and ventilation is needed immediately at the moment until people can feel comfortable without stuffiness and irritation.
4. The method for preparing the ration for reducing the ammonia gas content in the chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein researches on a biological ammonia removal method show that lactobacillus can reduce the generation of ammonia gas in the chicken manure, and the EM preparation also has the function of controlling and eliminating the ammonia gas. The use of antibiotic-free biological feed is the most effective and convenient biological nitrogen removal method. The antibiotic-free biological feed adopts easily digestible raw materials, so that the discharge of a nitrogen source is reduced; the microbial composite fertilizer is rich in beneficial microorganism viable bacteria such as lactobacillus, saccharomycetes, bacillus and the like, can degrade nitrogenous organic matters, and reduces the generation of ammonia gas. By using the antibiotic-free biological feed, the ammonia concentration can be reduced by more than 70 percent.
5. The daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content in the chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that a mesh bag containing charcoal is hung in a chicken house by a physical ammonia removal method, the ammonia gas concentration in the air can be reduced by utilizing the adsorbability of the charcoal, and meanwhile, pads with adsorption effect, such as activated carbon, coal cinder, quick lime and the like, are properly scattered on the ground, so that the ammonia gas in the air can be reduced or even eliminated to different degrees.
6. The method for preparing a ration for reducing the ammonia gas content in chicken manure according to claim 1, wherein the protein level of the ration is controlled, and the feed is prepared according to the chicken body demand without blindly increasing the protein content. Because the utilization rate of non-protein nitrogen for chickens is extremely low, if the feed contains non-protein nitrogen (such as urea), the ammonia gas in the henhouse can be increased, and the poisoning of chickens is easily caused. Therefore, the raw materials should be strictly checked when preparing the feed, so as to prevent non-protein nitrogen substances from being mixed in the feed.
7. The daily ration preparation method for reducing the ammonia gas content in the chicken manure according to claim 1, characterized in that through reasonable formula design, the protein utilization rate of the feed is improved, the feed nutrition is balanced, and the nutritional requirements of laying hens under various growth conditions are met. Meanwhile, according to the ideal amino acid level, the required amount of amino acid is set, industrial synthetic amino acid is properly added, and a probiotic preparation is added to prepare the daily ration capable of reducing the ammonia gas content.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110184218A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-30 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of composite bacteria agent and application based on bacillus subtilis BS1 |
| CN115943931A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ammonia gas emission reduction method in black soldier fly bioconversion process |
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2018
- 2018-08-03 CN CN201810879593.1A patent/CN110786422A/en active Pending
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| Title |
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| 李振: "减轻现代养鸡污染的日粮营养调控措施" * |
| 王树春: "舍内氨气对肉鸡的影响及有效控制措施" * |
| 王永强: "鸡舍内氨气的产生、 危害、控制及检测方法" * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110184218A (en) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-30 | 华中农业大学 | A kind of composite bacteria agent and application based on bacillus subtilis BS1 |
| CN115943931A (en) * | 2022-12-07 | 2023-04-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Ammonia gas emission reduction method in black soldier fly bioconversion process |
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Application publication date: 20200214 |