CN110772606A - 防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及中医学技术领域,具体涉及一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物及其制备方法。该中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药:肉苁蓉10‑20份、熟地黄10‑20份、丹参10‑20份、川芎5‑15份、当归5‑15份、石菖蒲10‑20份、瓜蒌子10‑20份、水蛭3‑5份、地龙5‑10份、天麻10‑20份、钩藤10‑20份。此外,本发明还提供了一种治疗脑卒中的中药组合物的制备方法。本发明基于中医辨病与辨证相结合的原则,筛选出具有补肾、活血、化痰作用的天然药物,按照一定的重量配比而成,提供了一种疗效显著、成本低廉的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,且无明显毒副作用,且制备方法简便易行,易生产制备,可最大限度的提取各药物组分的有效成分。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中医学技术领域,具体涉及一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
脑卒中被称为“人类健康的头号杀手”,历来为危难重症之首,具有高患病率、高病死率、高致残率和高复发率的特点,是现代社会严重危害人类健康和导致死亡的三大主要疾患之一。流行病学研究表明,中国每年有150万~200万新发脑卒中的病例,校正年龄后的年脑卒中发病率为(116~219)/10万人口,年脑卒中死亡率为(58~142)/10万人口。根据最新的第3次流行病调查结果显示,脑卒中已成为我国城市和农村人口中的第一位死亡原因,且发病率有逐年增多的趋势。其中缺血性中风又称为缺血性卒中(ischemic stroke,IS),在脑卒中的所有类型中占大多数,约80%~85%。IS病人再发卒中的风险比普通人高9倍,我国IS病人1年内复发率达到16%,5年内复发率高达50%,且复发的致残、致死率更高。以“治未病”理论和整体观念、辨证论治为核心的中医药在缺血性中风病的防治方面具有独特的优势,其疗效己经为世界所公认。中医药对中风的防治,始终遵循“未病先防,既病防变”的原则,其“简便验廉”的特点使中医药防治措施更容易被接受和推广。因此,利用中药饮片配伍开发出防治缺血性卒中的有效药物具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的之一是提供一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。为实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其包括以下原料药:肉苁蓉、熟地黄、丹参、川芎、当归 、石菖蒲、瓜蒌子、水蛭 、地龙、天麻、钩藤。
优选的,所述防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物包括以下重量份的原料药:肉苁蓉10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、川芎5-15份、当归 5-15份、石菖蒲 10-20份、瓜蒌子10-20份、水蛭 3-5份、地龙5-10份、天麻10-20份、钩藤10-20份。
优选的,所述防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其中药材的用量按照重量份比计算为:肉苁蓉20份、熟地黄10份、丹参10份、川芎10份、当归10份、石菖蒲15份、瓜蒌子15份、水蛭5份、地龙10份、天麻15份、钩藤15份。
优选的,所述防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其原料药中添加党参10-15份及白术10-15份,用于治疗兼见气虚症状的患者。
优选的,所述防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其原料药中添加陈皮5-10份及香附5-10份,用于治疗兼见气滞症状的患者。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物的制备方法,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤一:称取肉苁蓉10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、川芎5-15份、当归 5-15份、石菖蒲 10-20份、瓜蒌子10-20份、水蛭 3-5份、地龙5-10份、天麻10-20份、钩藤10-20份相应重量份数的各原料备用。
步骤二:将除地龙、水蛭之外的其他各原料置于药锅中,加入适量的水浸泡10-30分钟。
步骤三:大火熬制10-25分钟;转小火,继续熬制10-25分钟。
步骤四:熄火,过滤去渣得到滤液。
步骤五:将焙干的地龙、水蛭研磨成粉,共同加入到步骤四所得滤液中,搅拌均匀即得防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。
优选的,所述防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物的制备方法步骤二中,加入的水与各中药原料的总重量比为4:1-10:1。
本发明的第三个目的是提供一种如上所述的中药组合物在防治缺血性卒中中的应用,上述中药组合物的主要成分的药理如下:
肉苁蓉,甘咸,性温,归肾、大肠经,补肾阳、益精血、润肠道。
熟地黄,甘温,归肝、肾经,补肾阴、补血、益精填髓,共为君药。
丹参,苦微寒,归心、肝经,活血祛瘀、通经止痛、清心除烦、凉血消痈。
川芎,辛温,归肝、胆、心包经,活血行气、祛风止痛。
当归,甘,辛温,归肝、心、脾经,活血止痛、补血调经,润肠通便。
石菖蒲,辛温,归心、胃经,祛痰开窍、化湿开胃、宁神益智。
瓜蒌子,甘、微苦,性寒,归肺、胃、大肠经,清热化痰、宽胸散结、润肠通便,五药共为臣药。
水蛭,咸、苦,平,归肝经,破血逐瘀。
地龙,咸,寒。归肝、脾、膀胱经,清热熄风,平喘、通络、利尿。
天麻,甘,平,归肝经,熄风止痉、平抑肝阳。
钩藤,甘,微寒,归肝、心包经,熄风止痉、清热平肝,此四药共为佐使。
以上诸药,共同起到补肾化瘀、祛痰通络作用,从而治疗缺血性脑卒中。
现代药理研究证实:
肉苁蓉的活性成分苯乙醇苷类、肉苁蓉总苷可以抑制神经细胞凋亡、减轻缺血性脑损伤的作用。
熟地黄的主要成分梓醇有促血管新生、脑保护、抗氧化、抗凋亡等多种作用。
丹参的活性成分主要为脂溶性的二萜醌类化合物和水溶性的酚酸类成分,脂溶性二萜醌类化合物中大部分为丹参酮型的二萜醌类化合物,如丹参酮 I、丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮ⅡB、隐丹参酮、异丹参酮等。水溶性酚酸类成分则大多以丹参素和咖啡酸为结构单元,组成多聚体及盐类衍生物,如丹酚酸A、B及其盐和酯化衍生物、丹酚酸C等。丹参及其活性成分可通过调控血小板功能、减轻氧化应激损伤、抑制细胞凋亡等方面发挥抗缺血性脑损伤神经保护作用。
川芎嗪可促进整体大鼠局灶性脑缺血后皮质和纹状体缺血半暗带神经细胞增殖,从而修复、替代损伤的神经细胞,对脑功能自身恢复发挥重要作用;减少脑梗死体积,减轻脑缺血区组织结构的损伤,明显改善神经症状。
当归可减轻缺氧时神经元的变性,并在激活血管内皮生长因子mRNA 中有一定的调控作用,提示当归在保护损伤神经及促进神经再生方面具有重要作用。
石菖蒲挥发油可以有效抑制脑缺血再灌注后Glu、Asp、GABA 含量的异常升高,减少神经毒害作用;其主成分β-细辛醚亦能显著改善大鼠缺血再灌注所致的脑水肿,提高小鼠血脑通透性和耐缺氧能力,并同时能抑制大鼠脑皮质和海马神经细胞BAX基因表达,并增强BCL-XL基因的表达,从而抑制神经元凋亡,显示其在防治缺血性脑血管疾病方面的重要意义。
瓜蒌子有降血脂、血脂的作用。瓜蒌子中花生四烯酸是人体合成前列腺素的必需物,而人体细胞缺乏前列腺素时将引起脂代谢异常。瓜蒌子原药材及其石油醚提取部位对四氧嘧啶糖尿病模型小鼠的血糖升高有一定的抑制作用。
微粉水蛭能够降低脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠的神经功能评分,降低丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)水平,降低细胞间黏附分子(ICAM)水平,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力。
地龙提取液对MDA、SOD有清除作用,阻断Ca2+内流,而对完全性脑缺血对缺血再灌流损伤起到保护作用。
天麻素可以改善大鼠脑缺血后神经功能缺失,减小脑梗死体积,降低血脑屏障的通透性,还可通过减低炎症反应而对局灶性脑缺血损伤发挥保护作用。
钩藤中具有神经保护作用的物质基础包括钩藤总碱、异钩藤碱等化合物,均具有显著的神经保护作用,它们可以通过清除过氧化脂质体及代谢产物、抗氧化、抑制谷氨酸损伤等机制保护细胞、抵抗痴呆,钩藤水提物、异钩藤碱等成分可以改善Aβ蛋白变性导致的神经细胞损伤。
总之,该中药组合物具有补肾化瘀、祛痰通络作用,符合缺血性脑卒中的中医病因病机和证候特点,且具有中药多环节、多靶点的作用,在抑制血小板聚集,清除自由基,对抗脂质过氧化和缺血再灌注损伤及改善血液流变性等方面都具有较好的作用,故比较适合于缺血性脑卒中的二级预防和治疗。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1、本发明基于中医辨病与辨证相结合的原则,筛选出具有补肾、活血、化痰作用的天然药物,按照一定的重量配比而成,提供了一种疗效显著、成本低廉的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,且无明显毒副作用。
2、本发明公开的上述中药组合物的制备方法简便易行,易生产制备,可最大限度的提取各药物组分的有效成分。
3、该中药组合物主要由下列中药组成:肉苁蓉、熟地黄、丹参、川芎、当归、石菖蒲、瓜蒌子、水蛭、地龙、天麻、钩藤。本发明中药配伍合理,补肾化瘀,标本兼治,对缺血性卒中有良好的防治效果,制备方法科学有效,能充分发挥各中药的作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的解释。应当理解的是,以下实施例仅用于解释本发明,而不是限制本发明的保护范围,下面各实施例中未注明具体条件的试验方法,均按照本领域的常规方法和条件进行。
如表1所示,实施例1-7 ,防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物的重量组分如下表所示:
表1:实施例1-7重量组分(单位:g)
实施例 | 肉苁蓉 | 熟地黄 | 丹参 | 川芎 | 当归 | 石菖蒲 | 瓜蒌子 | 水蛭 | 地龙 | 天麻 | 钩藤 | 党参 | 白术 | 陈皮 | 香附 |
实施例1 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例2 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
实施例3 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 3 | 10 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 |
实施例4 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 5 | 5 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 7 |
实施例5 | 20 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 10 | 20 | 15 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 7 | 5 |
实施例6 | 20 | 20 | 10 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 3 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例7 | 10 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
实施例1-5的中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取相应重量克数的各原料。
步骤二:将除地龙、水蛭之外的其他各原料置于药锅中,加入适量的水浸泡20分钟,加入的水与各中药原料的总重量比为7:1。
步骤三:大火熬制22分钟,转小火,继续熬制22分钟。
步骤四:熄火,过滤去渣得到滤液。
步骤五:将焙干的地龙、水蛭研磨成粉,加入到步骤四所得滤液中,搅拌均匀即得防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。
实施例6的中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取相应重量克数的各原料。
步骤二:将除地龙、水蛭之外的其他各原料置于药锅中,加入适量的水浸泡10分钟,加入的水与各中药原料的总重量比为4:1。
步骤三:大火熬制10分钟;转小火,继续熬制10分钟。
步骤四:熄火,过滤去渣得到滤液。
步骤五:将焙干的地龙、水蛭研磨成粉,加入到步骤四所得滤液中,搅拌均匀即得防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。
实施例7的中药组合物的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:称取相应重量克数的各原料。
步骤二:将除地龙、水蛭之外的其他各原料置于药锅中,加入适量的水浸泡30分钟,加入的水与各中药原料的总重量比为10:1。
步骤三:大火熬制25分钟;转小火,继续熬制25分钟。
步骤四:熄火,过滤去渣得到滤液。
步骤五:将焙干的地龙、水蛭研磨成粉,加入到步骤四所得滤液中,搅拌均匀即得防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。
实施例1~7均制备出了效果良好的用于治疗脑卒中的中药组合物,为了确保本发明鉴别方法科学、合理、可行,通过临床疗效观察试验来进一步阐述本发明的有益效果。
效果试验一:
采用实施例1所述的中药组合物治疗缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血取得了满意的疗效,具体如下。
1.病例选择
从本院收治的缺血性脑卒中合并脑微出血患者中随机选择150例,根据治疗方式对其进行分组,对照组(75例)的年龄在33岁至77岁,且平均年龄是(52.3±3.7)岁;观察组(75例)的年龄在35岁至80岁,且平均年龄是(53.5±3.1)岁,可比性较高。
2.方法
对照组(75例):口服三七通舒胶囊,1粒/次,3次/天。
治疗组(75例):服用实施例1所述的中药组合物,每日1剂,早晚分服。
两组治疗疗程均为3个月。
3.疗效观察指标
显效:患者的脑出血症状均已消失,且血脂和血压的水平都已经恢复至正常水平;
好转:患者的脑出血症状的改善情况比较显著,且血脂和血压的水平都已经有非常显著的降低。
无效:患者的各项临床症状都没有改善的迹象,且有加重的明显趋势。
4.治疗结果
4.1 治疗有效率比较
临床疗效对比结果如表2所示,可以看出,在治疗总有效率上,治疗组高于对照组,两组间差异有统计学上意义(P<0.05)。
表2临床疗效比较
组别 | n | 显效 | 好转 | 无效 | 总有效率 |
对照组 | 75 | 32(42.67%) | 24(32.14%) | 19(25.33%) | 70.89%* |
治疗组 | 75 | 42(56.00%) | 27(36.00%) | 6(8.00%) | 92.00%* |
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05。
4.2 不良反应发生率比较
在不良反应发生率方面如表3所示,治疗组(75例)出现不良反应的例数为3,发生率为4%,对照组(75例)出现不良反应的例数为17,发生率为22.67%;差异有显著统计学意义。
表3不良反应发生率
组别 | n | 出现不良反应的例数 | 不良反应发生率 |
对照组 | 75 | 17 | 22.67% |
治疗组 | 75 | 3 | 4.00 |
注:与对照组比较,*P<0.05。
效果试验二:
采用实施例1所述的中药组合物联合阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中取得了满意的疗效,具体如下。
1.病例选择
选择上海市第六人民医院收治的144例缺血性脑卒中患者,其中男80例,女64例;年龄42~84岁,平均(63.2±2.8)岁;均为首次发病,发病至入院治疗<6h;均符合第四届脑血管病学术会议制定的相关诊断标准,且经头颅CT或MRI检查确诊。排除严重心肝肾功能障碍者、对本研究用药过敏者、活动性出血者、其他血管闭塞性疾病、妊娠及哺乳期妇女、意识障碍、精神疾病者、既往脑血管疾病导致神经功能障碍者、近期服用其他降脂药或他汀类药物治疗、临床资料不全、随访资料丢失者。采用随机数字表法平均分为观察组和对照组各72例,两组一般资料比较无统计学意义(P >0.05),具有可比性。
2.方法
两组患者入院后均予以神经内科常规治疗,包括保护脑细胞、控制脑水肿、降颅内压、降血糖、营养脑神经、改善脑部供血等。对照组予以拜阿司匹林肠溶片治疗(国药准字H11021614,规格:100mg/片),100mg/次,1次/d,每晚顿服;观察组自此基础上联合实施例1所述的中药组合物,2次/ d,每日1帖,早晚服。
两组疗程均为28d。
3.观察指标
采用迈瑞BC-3000三分类血细胞分析仪,对比两组治疗前后血小板参数变化,包括血小板计数、血小板平均体积;对比两组治疗前后神经功能缺损情况;对比两组药物不良反应发生情况;随访12个月,记录两组病情复发率。
4.评定标准
参照《脑卒中患者临床神经功能缺损程度评分标准》评定神经功能缺损程度,该量表共8个项目,分别为意识、水平凝视功能、面瘫、言语、上肢肌力、手肌力、下肢肌力、步行能力,得分0~45分,其中得分越高提示神经功能缺损越严重。
5.统计学分析
采用SPSS22.0分析数据,计数资料用率(%)表示,组间比较用x2检验;计量资料用x±s表示,组间比较用t检验。P <0.05为差异有统计学意义。
6.结果
6.1两组近期临床疗效比较
两组治疗后的血小板计数高于治疗前(P<0.05),血小板平均体积及神经功能缺损评分均低于治疗前(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的血小板参数及神经功能缺损程度均优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。详见附表。
6.2两组药物不良反应发生情况
两组均未发生严重药物不良反应,观察组药物不良反应率为8.3%(6/72),略高于对照组的2.8%(2/72),但比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。停药后不良反应均自行缓解。
6.3两组病情复发情况比较
随访12个月,具体情况参照表4,观察组复发率为6.9%(5/72),低于对照组的31.9%(23/72),比较差异有统计学意义(X2=9.241,P<0.05)。
表4 两组治疗前后血小板参数及神经功能缺损程度
实施例1所述的中药组合物联合拜阿司匹林治疗缺血性脑卒中可取得满意的治疗效果,可进一步发挥抗血小板聚集的作用,并可改善神经功能缺损,同时,通过药物协调作用,进一步降低病情复发率,且用药安全可靠。
效果试验三:
实施例1所述的中药组合物对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠的保护作用,研究实施例1所述的中药组合物抗脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用及其机制。
1.方法
健康雄性SD大鼠,雄性SD大鼠被随机分为假手术组、模型组、中药组合物低、中、高剂量组、金纳多组等6组,每组各8只,造模前1周灌胃给药(低、中、高剂量恒清方或金纳多),假手术组与模型组则给予等体积生理盐水。末次给药30min后,建立大鼠大脑中动脉局灶性栓塞(MCAO)模型,造模1.5h再灌注24 h后,评估其神经功能、测定脑指数、脑含水量、脑梗死体积,以ELISA试剂盒检测脑组织中超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)及血清中白介素-6(IL-6)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)的含量。
2.结果
实施例1所述的中药组合物可以明显降低大鼠神经功能评分、脑指数、脑含水量(P<0.05或P<0.01),减小脑梗死面积(P<0.05或P<0.01),提高脑组织中SOD活性(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低MDA、NO水平(P<0.05或P<0.01),降低血清中IL-6、TNF、IL-1β含量(P<0.05或P<0.01),且量效关系呈正相关,高剂量中药组合物作用均优于金纳多(P均<0.05)。
3.结论
实施例1所述的中药组合物可以改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,且量效关系呈正相关,其作用机制可能与其抑制炎症反应和抗氧化作用相关。
以上所述的仅是本发明的实施例,方案中公知的具体结构及特性等常识在此未作过多描述。应当指出,对于本领域的技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明结构的前提下,还可以作出若干变形和改进,这些也应该视为本发明的保护范围,这些都不会影响本发明实施的效果和专利的实用性。
Claims (7)
1.一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其特征在于包括以下原料药:肉苁蓉、熟地黄、丹参、川芎、当归 、石菖蒲、瓜蒌子、水蛭 、地龙、天麻、钩藤。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其特征在于包括以下重量份的原料药:肉苁蓉10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、川芎5-15份、当归 5-15份、石菖蒲 10-20份、瓜蒌子10-20份、水蛭 3-5份、地龙5-10份、天麻10-20份、钩藤10-20份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药材的用量按照重量份比计算为:肉苁蓉20份、熟地黄10份、丹参10份、川芎10份、当归10份、石菖蒲15份、瓜蒌子15份、水蛭5份、地龙10份、天麻15份、钩藤15份。
4.根据权利要求2所述的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的原料药中添加党参10-15份及白术10-15份。
5.根据权利要求2所述的防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述的原料药中添加陈皮5-10份及香附5-10份。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,具体按照以下步骤实施:
步骤一:称取肉苁蓉10-20份、熟地黄10-20份、丹参10-20份、川芎5-15份、当归 5-15份、石菖蒲 10-20份、瓜蒌子10-20份、水蛭 3-5份、地龙5-10份、天麻10-20份、钩藤10-20份相应重量份数的各原料备用;
步骤二:将除地龙、水蛭之外的其他各原料置于药锅中,加入适量的水浸泡10-30分钟;
步骤三:大火熬制10-25分钟;转小火,继续熬制10-25分钟;
步骤四:熄火,过滤去渣得到滤液;
步骤五:将焙干的地龙、水蛭研磨成粉,共同加入到步骤四所得滤液中,搅拌均匀即得防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物。
7.根据权利要求7所述的一种防治缺血性卒中的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤二中,加入的水与各中药原料的总重量比为4:1-10:1。
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