CN110772561B - 一种具有利尿功能的中药 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有利尿功能的中药,是以经典名方苓桂术甘汤为基础,对其进行效应物质和活性成分研究,并结合药理药效对其进行提取工艺改造,最终除掉杂质并富集其有效成分后得到的,该中药具有疗效确切,副作用和服用剂量少,依从性高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于中药领域,具体涉及一种具有利尿功能的中药。
背景技术
苓桂术甘汤是一种中药经典名方,来源于东汉张仲景所著的《金匮要略》,该方由茯苓、桂枝、白术、甘草四味药材组成。苓桂术甘汤为祛湿剂,具有温阳化饮,健脾利湿之功效,主治痰饮病,为治疗痰饮病的代表方剂,常用于治疗慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、心源性水肿、特发性水肿、慢性肾小球肾炎、肾病综合征、美尼尔病、心包积液、风湿性关节炎、病毒性心肌炎等属痰饮内停者。相比于现代制剂,传统的中药汤剂普遍存在活性成分不明确、疗效不确切、副作用大、工艺落后、质量不稳定、剂量大、服用依从性差等缺点。
采用现代提取精制纯化技术和制剂方法对传统中药进行改造,是克服以上缺陷的有效手段,然而,由于大多数中药的效应物质基础不明确,而且中药的疗效是由多成分、多靶点协同作用所产生,因此不能针对任何中药都采用以上手段,否则将会导致活性成分丧失疗效下降,严重的还会失去疗效产生很多负面作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是一种具有利尿功能的中药,该中药是以经典名方苓桂术甘汤为基础,对其进行效应物质和活性成分研究,并结合药理药效对其进行提取工艺改造,最终除掉杂质并富集其有效成分后得到的,该中药具有疗效确切,副作用和服用剂量少,依从性高等优点。
本发明提供的中药由以下重量份数的中药材制成:
茯苓300-500份,桂枝200-400份,白术200-400份,甘草100-300份
制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将以上药材加水煎煮提取,收集提取液并浓缩成每ml含0.1-1g药材的浓缩液;
2)将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱进行吸附,以碱性乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,进行洗脱,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥成干膏;
3)向干膏中加入辅料制成适合临床使用的剂型。
优选地,所述浓缩液中每ml含0.5g药材。
优选地,所述大孔树脂是D101大孔树脂。
优选地,所述大孔树脂与浓缩液的体积比为5-10:1。
优选地,所述乙醇溶液的pH为10-14。
优选地,所述乙醇溶液的体积浓度为50-70%。
优选地,洗脱时,先以碱性的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1-3倍柱体积,再以碱性的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1-3倍柱体积。
本发明的有益效果是:
本发明增加了苓桂术甘汤中化学活性成分的含量,从而提高了疗效,药效试验结果表明,本发明显著提高了小鼠排尿量,具有更好的利尿效果。同时,本发明还减少了药物中的“杂质”含量,从而降低了药物副作用和不良反应,减少了服用剂量并提高了依从性。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
一.处方:
茯苓400g,桂枝300g,白术300g,甘草200g
二.制法:
1.提取
以上四味,饮片投料,加6倍水煎煮提取2次,每次1.5小时,过滤,合并滤液并减压浓缩至0.5g药材/ml浓缩液,备用;
2.大孔树脂吸附除杂
①树脂预处理
先将D101大孔树脂用稀乙醇浸泡4-6小时,然后湿法装柱,树脂柱径高比为1:15,用水与稀乙醇洗交替洗脱,至流出液澄清且无醇味,再用水浸泡,备用。
②药液预处理
为了避免大孔树脂被污染堵塞,浓缩液上柱前需静置24h,弃去泥沙等沉淀,上清液过150目筛,除去较多的悬浮颗粒杂质,保证顺利过柱。
③湿法上柱
将浓缩液加到大孔树脂柱的上端进行吸附,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,上柱液的温度为25-35℃,吸附时间6h。
④洗脱
选择碱性洗脱剂,先以pH值12.5的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱2倍柱体积,再以pH值12.5的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
以下各实施例中,药材处方、提取以及药液上柱前的处理方法均与实施例1相同。
实施例2
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。先以pH值7.5的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱2倍柱体积,再以pH值7.5的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例3
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。先以pH值10的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱2倍柱体积,再以pH值10的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例4
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。先以pH值14的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱2倍柱体积,再以pH值14的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例5
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。以pH值12.5的30%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱3倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例6
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。以pH值12.5的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱3倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例7
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。以pH值12.5的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱3倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例8
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为6:1,充分吸附6h。以pH值12.5的90%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱3倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例9
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为8:1,充分吸附5h。先以pH值12.5的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,再以pH值12.5的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
实施例10
将浓缩液上大孔树脂柱,树脂与浓缩液的体积比为5:1,充分吸附10h。先以pH值12.5的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱3倍柱体积,再以pH值12.5的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱2倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥至恒重。
试验例
1.各样品的含量测定:
检测波长为210nm,高效液相色谱仪的固定相为C18色谱柱,流动相为乙腈(A相)-0.1%磷酸(B相)的混合溶液,采用梯度洗脱,流速为0.8ml/min,柱温为30℃,理论板数以肉桂酸计不低于4000;梯度洗脱条件:0~15min,B相90~65%;15~40min,B相65~45%;40~55min,B相45~40%;55~70min,B相40~15%;70~80min,B相15~10%。
对照品溶液的制备:取肉桂酸、茯苓酸、白术内酯和甘草苷对照品适量,精密称定,加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备:取干膏0.5g,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入甲醇40ml,密塞,称定重量,超声处理(功率250W,频率40kHz)40分钟,放冷,再称定重量,用甲醇补足减失的重量,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
测定法:分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定四种成分的含量。结果见表1。
表1不同PH值的4个成分的含量
注:对比例是按常规方法即煎煮提取后直接得到的干膏,未进行大孔树脂吸附除杂处理。
从以上结果可以看出,本发明实施例与对比例相比,由于纯化后除去了大部分“杂质”,因此明显提高了提取物中四种成分的含量。另外还能看出,洗脱剂的pH为10-14、乙醇浓度为50-70%且采用两种浓度分步洗脱效果更好,树脂与洗脱剂用量对纯化效果也有一定影响。
2.药效学验证
苓桂术甘汤主治脾阳不足、水饮内停之证,是温阳健脾的代表方。该方现代临床应用十分广泛,涉及心血管、呼吸、消化、泌尿生殖、神经、内分泌、五官、皮肤等诸科病证。在药理实验方法学中,通过研究苓桂术甘汤对小鼠的利尿作用,来探讨除杂精制后的苓桂术甘汤的疗效。
2.1试验目的
观察除杂后的苓桂术甘汤对小鼠的利尿作用。
2.1.1试验材料
动物:昆明小鼠,雌雄各半,体重(22.12±0.84)g,购于华中科技大学同济医学院实验动物中心,合格证号:No.11401500051060。适应性饲养一周后用于试验。
2.1.2仪器和器材
分析天平、电子天平、1mL注射器、灌胃针头、动物笼具、苦味酸、移液枪、尿量收集瓶等。
2.1.3药品与试剂
试验药物为实施例1干膏,由健民药业集团股份有限公司制备;阳性对照为按照常规工艺制备的苓桂术甘汤干膏,批号:190902,由健民药业集团股份有限公司提供。
2.2试验方法
将100只KM小鼠随机分成5组,每组20只,雌雄各半:包括正常组、阳性对照组、试验药物低、中和高剂量组。小鼠适应性饲养一周后,苦味酸标记,实验开始前8h内禁食不禁水。实验前先将小鼠轻压小腹,以排尽余尿,各组小鼠均灌胃1mL生理盐水作负荷。
灌胃生理盐水后,正常组按45g/kg灌胃给予蒸馏水;阳性对照组按中剂量1.5g/kg灌胃给予苓桂术甘汤干膏一次;试验药物低、中、高剂量组按0.75g/kg、1.5g/kg和3g/kg灌胃给予实施例1干膏一次,各干膏灌胃前均用1g蒸馏水稀释。灌胃后将小鼠置于简易集尿笼中,收集尿液。于试验开始后的第1、3、6小时称量收集瓶一次,共观察6小时,称量各组小鼠收集瓶重量,计算尿量,进行统计分析。
2.3试验结果
由表2可见,与正常组比较,阳性对照组利尿效果不明显(P>0.05),而试验药物具有更显著的利尿作用,其中低、中和高剂量组的6h尿量与正常组比较均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
与阳性对照组相比,本发明显著提高了小鼠排尿量,其中,中剂量组的1、6小时尿量以及高剂量组各时间段的尿量均与阳性对照组相比具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。
以上试验表明,本发明通过大孔树脂纯化除去苓桂术甘汤中的杂质,富集有效成分,从而提高了利尿效果,试验结果与含量测定结果相吻合。
组别 | 剂量 | 1h尿量(g) | 3h尿量(g) | 6h尿量(g) |
正常组 | 4.5g/kg | 1.230±0.18 | 1.654±0.11 | 1.816±0.14 |
阳性对照组 | 1.5g/kg | 1.335±0.16 | 1.771±0.11 | 2.016±0.14 |
低剂量组 | 0.75g/kg | 1.443±0.12 | 1.763±0.16 | 2.454±0.13<sup>*</sup> |
中剂量组 | 1.5g/kg | 1.668±0.13<sup>*#</sup> | 1.879±0.18<sup>*</sup> | 2.823±0.21<sup>*#</sup> |
高剂量组 | 3g/kg | 1.797±0.16<sup>*#</sup> | 2.062±0.20<sup>*#</sup> | 3.221±0.19<sup>*#</sup> |
与正常组相比,*P<0.05;与阳性对照组相比,#P<0.05。
Claims (1)
1.一种具有利尿功能的中药制备方法,其特征在于由以下重量份数的中药材制成:
茯苓300-500份,桂枝200-400份,白术200-400份,甘草100-300份
制备方法包括以下步骤:
1)将以上药材加水煎煮提取,收集提取液并浓缩成每ml含0.5g药材的浓缩液;
2)将浓缩液上D101大孔树脂柱进行吸附,所述大孔树脂与浓缩液的体积比为5-10:1,以pH为10-14的碱性乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,进行洗脱,洗脱时,先以碱性的50%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1-3倍柱体积,再以碱性的70%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂,洗脱1-3倍柱体积,收集洗脱液并浓缩、干燥成干膏;
3)向干膏中加入辅料制成适合临床使用的剂型,
该中药富集了肉桂酸、茯苓酸、白术内酯和甘草苷且具有高利尿活性。
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