CN110761008B - 双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents

双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110761008B
CN110761008B CN201911000448.2A CN201911000448A CN110761008B CN 110761008 B CN110761008 B CN 110761008B CN 201911000448 A CN201911000448 A CN 201911000448A CN 110761008 B CN110761008 B CN 110761008B
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杨朝坤
朱增余
罗国伟
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Guangdong Yatai New Material Technology Co ltd
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
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    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/028—Net structure, e.g. spaced apart filaments bonded at the crossing points
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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    • B32B5/24—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by the presence of two or more layers which are next to each other and are fibrous, filamentary, formed of particles or foamed one layer being a fibrous or filamentary layer
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
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    • B32B7/022—Mechanical properties
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    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C15/00—Making pile fabrics or articles having similar surface features by inserting loops into a base material
    • D05C15/04—Tufting
    • D05C15/08—Tufting machines
    • D05C15/10—Tufting machines operating with a plurality of needles, e.g. in one row
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D05—SEWING; EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
    • D05C—EMBROIDERING; TUFTING
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    • D05C17/02—Tufted products
    • D05C17/026—Tufted products characterised by the tufted pile surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
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    • B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
    • B32B2250/20—All layers being fibrous or filamentary
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2262/00—Composition or structural features of fibres which form a fibrous or filamentary layer or are present as additives
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法，采用多根绒针穿过双层基布并将多排绒纱或短纤维束缝合在两层基布中间得到的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物是一种抗分层、高厚度、各向力学性能可控的碳纤维预制体，所述预制体在x、y、z三个方向的纱线比例可设计或可控制，可用于复合材料的生产，解决了现有技术构建多层碳布叠层带来的层间剥离强度低的缺陷。

Description

双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法
技术领域：
本发明涉及复合材料制备技术领域，具体涉及一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法。
背景技术：
纤维增强复合材料，由碳纤维或玻璃纤维等增强纤维和基体(无机材料、树脂、金属或陶瓷)组成，用于航空航天、汽车、船艇、轨道车辆等很多领域。纤维增强复合材料通常要求具有大的拉伸强度和各向可同性。复合材料的刚度/强度的可设计性为上述轻量化和高强度提供了技术支持。
一般地，复合材料铺层都是单层织物的叠加，层数多，产品厚度增加慢，费工耗时，同时，层间缺陷较严重，如出现层间气泡、分层、开裂等失效缺陷。
发明内容：
本发明的目的是提供一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物及其制备方法，采用多根绒针穿过双层基布并将多排绒纱或短纤维束缝合在两层基布中间得到的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物是一种抗分层、高厚度、各向力学性能可控的碳纤维预制体，所述预制体在x、y、z三个方向的纱线比例可设计或可控制，可用于复合材料的生产，解决了现有技术构建多层碳布叠层带来的层间剥离强度低的缺陷。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的：
一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，包括上、下双层基布，双层基布之间通过簇绒连接，其制备方法如下：上、下双层基布分别通过双层梳状基布托板保持一定的距离，绒针上下往复运动将绒纱或短纤维束带过双层基布，将绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布中间。
具体制备方法为：上层基布卷绕在上层基布轴上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊上表面、双层梳状基布托板上表面紧密接触，下层基布卷绕在下层基布轴上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊上表面、所述双层梳状基布托板下表面紧密接触，通过绒针上下往复运动将簇绒纱线或短纤维束带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出，在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；如此循环，将绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布中间。
上、下双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在双层基布的相对两边缘通过边撑施加一定的张力，使基布横向绷紧，所述基布紧度≤70％。
所述绒针为一排绒针依次或间隔作上下往复穿刺运动，所述绒针的刺针头中间设置有可供绒纱或短纤维束穿过的中心孔。所述绒针需穿过双层基布，在下层基布的背面留下植入的毛圈。
对于厚重簇绒织物的开发，可以设置成前后两排绒针、绒针相互错位的针床。
通过控制绒针的穿刺力、穿刺深度、绒纱的张力或喂纱量，绒针将每次带入的绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布之间。
所述基布为网格织物或纱罗织物或平纹织物或无纺布中的一种或它们的组合。
所述双层基布为碳纤维网格织物或碳纤维纱罗织物或或碳纤维平纹织物或碳纤维无纺布中的一种或它们的组合或人造纤维网格织物或人造纤维沙罗织物或人造纤维无纺布。
所述绒纱为碳纤维纱，所述碳纤维纱为12K或24K或48K。
所述绒纱绒头的顶端距离最近基布之间的距离为1mm～20mm。绒高的55％～95％保持在两层基布之间。
所述双层基布经纬密度均为5根/10cm～120根/10cm，簇绒织物的纬向密度即针迹密度为12～50针迹/cm，簇绒织物的经向密度即相邻两绒针针尖的距离即针脚长度(机器隔距)为5～15绒簇/in(2.54cm)。
一般地，取纵/横向密度相等或接近。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明得到的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物具有良好的层间连接性能、高厚度面内各向性能较好的特点。同时，结构还具有自支撑、Z向纤维含量高，微结构通道畅通的特点，有利于基体渗透，快速复合。本发明双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物是一种抗分层、高厚度、各向力学性能可控的碳纤维预制体，所述预制体在x、y、z三个方向的纱线比例可设计或可控制，可用于复合材料的生产，解决了现有技术构建多层碳布叠层带来的层间剥离强度低的缺陷。
附图说明：
图1是本发明层基布簇绒碳纤维织物结构示意图；
其中，1、上层基布；2、下层基布；3、簇绒；30、微结构通道。
图2是本发明层基布簇绒碳纤维织物制备示意图；
其中，4、上层基布辊；5、下层基布辊；6、刺辊；7、双层梳状基布托板；8、绒针；9、成圈钩；10、摇轴；11、绒纱筒；12、双层基布簇绒织物。
具体实施方式：
以下是对本发明的进一步说明，而不是对本发明的限制。
如图1所示一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，包括上层基布1、下层基布2，上、下层双层基布之间通过簇绒3连接，其制备方法如下(如图2)：上、下双层基布分别通过双层梳状基布托板7保持一定的距离，绒针8上下往复运动将绒纱或短纤维束带过双层基布，将绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布中间。
具体制备方法为：上层基布卷绕在上层基布轴4上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊6上表面、双层梳状基布托板7上表面紧密接触，下层基布卷绕在下层基布轴5上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊6上表面、所述双层梳状基布托板7下表面紧密接触，通过绒针8上下往复运动将簇绒纱线或短纤维束带过双层基布，由成圈钩9钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出，在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；如此循环，将绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布中间。
所述双层基布为碳纤维网格织物或碳纤维纱罗织物或碳纤维无纺布中的一种或它们的组合或人造纤维网格织物或人造纤维沙罗织物或人造纤维无纺布。
所述绒纱为碳纤维纱，所述碳纤维纱为12K或24K或48K。
实施例1：
采用12K的碳纤维网格织物作上、下层基布；两层基布的经/纬密度均为10-13根/10cm，采用24K的碳纤维纱作绒纱。
步骤1：采用12K的碳纤维网格织物作上、下层基布，两层基布的经/纬密度均为10～13根/10cm；
步骤2：采用24K的碳纤维纱作绒纱，通过一排绒针的上下往复穿刺运动，穿过绒针头部孔眼的绒纱被带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出。在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；
步骤3：两层基布分别通过上下双层梳状基布托板，双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在两双基布的相对两边缘通过边撑使基本横向绷紧。
步骤4：测量簇绒织物的纬向密度即针迹密度(针迹/cm)以及簇绒织物的经向密度(针脚长度)绒簇/in(2.54cm)。
步骤5：裁切并修剪双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物。
实施例2：
采用12K的碳纤维纱罗织物作上、下层基布；两层基布的经/纬密度均为6-10根/10cm，采用48K的碳纤维纱作绒纱。
步骤1：采用12K的碳纤维纱罗织物作上、下层基布，两层基布的经/纬密度均为6-10根/10cm；
步骤2：采用48K的碳纤维纱作绒纱，通过一排绒针的上下往复穿刺运动，穿过绒针头部孔眼的绒纱被带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出。在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；
步骤3：两层基布分别通过上下双层梳状基布托板，双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在两双基布的相对两边缘通过边撑使基本横向绷紧。
步骤4：测量簇绒织物的纬向密度即针迹密度(针迹/cm)以及簇绒织物的经向密度(针脚长度)绒簇/in(2.54cm)。
步骤5：裁切并修剪双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物。
实施例3：
采用12K的碳纤维平纹织物作上、下层基布；两层基布的经/纬密度均为12根/10cm，采用24K的碳纤维纱作绒纱。
步骤1：采用12K的碳纤维平纹织物作上、下层基布，两层平纹织物基布的经/纬密度均为12根/10cm。
步骤2：采用24K的碳纤维纱作绒纱，通过一排绒针的上、下往复穿刺运动，穿过绒针头部孔眼的绒纱被带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出。在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；
步骤3：两层基布分别通过上、下双层梳状基布托板，双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在两双基布的相对两边缘通过边撑使基本横向绷紧。
步骤4：测量簇绒织物的纬向密度即针迹密度(针迹/cm)以及簇绒织物的经向密度(针脚长度)绒簇/in(2.54cm)。
步骤5：裁切并修剪双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物。
实施例4：
采用12K的短切碳纤维无纺织物或毡作上、下层基布；两层基布的经/纬密度均为24根/10cm，采用12K的碳纤维纱作绒纱。
步骤1：采用12K的短切碳纤维无纺织物或毡作上、下层基布。
步骤2：采用12K的碳纤维纱作绒纱，通过一排绒针的上、下往复穿刺运动，穿过绒针头部孔眼的绒纱被带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出。在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；
步骤3：两层基布分别通过上、下双层梳状基布托板，双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在两双基布的相对两边缘通过边撑使基本横向绷紧。
步骤4：测量簇绒织物的纬向密度即针迹密度(针迹/cm)以及簇绒织物的经向密度(针脚长度)绒簇/in(2.54cm)。
步骤5：裁切并修剪双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物。

Claims (9)

1.一种双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，包括上、下双层基布，双层基布之间通过簇绒连接，其制备方法如下：上层基布卷绕在上层基布轴上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊上表面、双层梳状基布托板上表面紧密接触，下层基布卷绕在下层基布轴上，并沿着基布喂入方向与对应的刺辊上表面、所述双层梳状基布托板下表面紧密接触，通过绒针上下往复运动将簇绒纱线或短纤维束带过双层基布，由成圈钩钩住下层基布背面留下的毛圈并快速从毛圈中抽出，在压脚施压下抽出绒针，完成一个针刺循环；如此循环，将簇绒纱线或短纤维束留在两层基布中间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，上、下双层基布之间的距离由双层梳状基布托板来控制，在双层基布的相对两边缘通过边撑施加一定的张力，使基布横向绷紧，所述基布紧度≤70％。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，所述绒针为一排绒针依次或间隔作上下往复穿刺运动，所述绒针的刺针头中间设置有可供绒纱或短纤维束穿过的中心孔；所述绒针需穿过双层基布，在下层基布的背面留下植入的毛圈。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，设置成前后两排绒针、绒针相互错位的针床。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，通过控制绒针的穿刺力、穿刺深度、绒纱的张力或喂纱量，绒针将每次带入的绒纱或短纤维束留在两层基布之间。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，所述基布为网格织物或纱罗织物或平纹织物或无纺布中的一种或它们的组合。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，所述双层基布为碳纤维网格织物或碳纤维纱罗织物或或碳纤维平纹织物或碳纤维无纺布中的一种或它们的组合或人造纤维网格织物或人造纤维沙罗织物或人造纤维无纺布。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，所述绒纱为碳纤维纱，所述碳纤维纱为12K或24K或48K。
9.根据权利要求1或2所述的双层基布簇绒碳纤维织物，其特征在于，所述双层基布经纬密度均为5根/10cm～120根/10cm。
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