CN110758431B

CN110758431B - Safety seat with forward-leaning backrest buffering energy-absorbing hydraulic cylinder

Info

Publication number: CN110758431B
Application number: CN201911051735.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张乐乐
Original assignee: Beijing Jiaotong University
Current assignee: Beijing Jiaotong University
Priority date: 2017-11-06
Filing date: 2017-11-06
Publication date: 2021-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-11-06
Also published as: CN107826136B; CN110789554A; CN110789553B; CN107826136A; CN110789553A; CN110789555A; CN110758431A; CN110775085B; CN110789554B; CN110775085A

Abstract

A safety seat of a carrier is characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder damping device is arranged between a backrest and a supporting underframe, the hydraulic cylinder damping device is provided with a switch valve, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the backrest, a hanging hammer is arranged on the underframe, and a hanging line of the hanging hammer is connected with a pulling bolt of the switch valve. Under the normal operation working condition, under the traction action of the hydraulic cylinder, the oil circuit of the hydraulic cylinder does not flow, so that the backrest is in a normal posture. When a collision accident occurs, the moment generated when the passengers in the rear row collide with the upper part of the backrest in the front row enables the oil path of the hydraulic cylinder to be transferred to the front from the rear of the operation direction, and the backrest in the front row tilts forwards around the fixed pin shaft. By setting parameters such as the stroke of the piston rod, not only can the passengers in the rear row be protected, but also the passengers in the front row can be protected. According to the invention, when the vehicle is not braked emergently, the chair back can not tilt forward, and the safety is good; and when the vehicle is braked emergently, the chair back tilts forward very sensitively, and the reliability is high.

Description

Safety seat with forward-leaning backrest buffering energy-absorbing hydraulic cylinder

The application is a divisional application, and the original application number is 201711077599.9; the original application date is 11/6 in 2017; the invention relates to a safety seat of a delivery vehicle and a design method thereof. The parent scheme comprises a plurality of safety seat technical schemes without uniqueness. The only inventor of this divisional application is the teaching of happy music.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a safety seat of a delivery vehicle, in particular to a protection seat capable of improving the collision resistance of passengers, namely an anti-collision seat of a passenger delivery vehicle such as a high-speed railway train, a highway bus, a car, an airplane, a ship and the like, which can reduce or even avoid the collision injury of the passengers from front seats when the delivery vehicle is suddenly decelerated.

Background

CN102069738A discloses a safety seat for a bus, which is connected between the back and seat with an elastic damping member, and discloses that the elastic damping member is a torsion spring or a hydraulic damping cylinder, but not an inertial unlocking device. Therefore, when the vehicle is not braked emergently, the seat back can tilt forwards; when the vehicle is braked emergently, the forward tilting of the chair back is not sensitive.

CN2694049Y discloses a curved serpentine spring, also not related to an inertial unlocking device. The following functions cannot be realized, namely: when the vehicle is not braked emergently, the chair back can not tilt forward, and the safety is good; and when the vehicle is braked emergently, the chair back tilts forward very sensitively, and the reliability is high.

When the high-speed train decelerates suddenly, for example, in a collision accident, the high-speed train can bring great harm to passengers. In a train collision accident, primary collision and secondary collision are main causes of passenger casualty. Particularly, when a frontal collision accident occurs in a train, under the action of inertia force, at the moment of train collision, a passenger may hit the backrest of the front seat at a certain speed. Because the backrest of the seat in the prior art is of a rigid structure, the head, the neck, the chest and the legs of the seat cause serious damage and even death, and therefore, the energy absorption and buffer device of the seat has a great protection effect on passengers from secondary collision damage.

In the prior art, a seat of a rigid structure of a high-speed train mainly plays a supporting role, gives passengers low crashworthiness, and does not have a collision buffering and energy absorbing function, when a collision accident occurs to the train, when the passengers collide to the surface of a backrest of a front seat due to inertia, the collision is similar to rigid collision, so that the passengers are seriously damaged, therefore, the collision damage protection of the existing high-speed train seat to the passengers is weaker, and the passengers are seriously damaged in the collision accident.

For a long time, the person skilled in the art has formed a mental inertia and a technical prejudice that the seats on vehicles, airplanes and ships should be the present structures, and no one can think that the seats still contain any significant invention and creation. It has been widely accepted that the back rest can recline, however, no one ever thought of whether the back rest should also be allowed to recline under certain conditions, let alone what technical solution can achieve the goals of a safety seat.

To date, the market lacks a safety seat for high speed vehicles. And breaking through the traditional thinking inertia and overcoming the prejudice of the traditional technology, especially the upgrading and the reconstruction of the traditional and popular products in an updating and updating way need to pay huge creative labor. In the past, news reports have appeared that passengers in the rear row of a car, even famous people and foremost people, are seriously injured when colliding with a front row of seats. Particularly, with the popularization and development of high-speed trains, the safety seat of such a high-speed train is more and more urgently required in the market.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a safety seat for a vehicle which reduces or even avoids the impact injury of the passengers from the front seats when the vehicle is suddenly decelerated.

To this end, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a safety seat for a vehicle, the lower end of a support leg of the seat being mounted on the floor of the vehicle, and the top end being connected to a support chassis; a cushion is arranged on the supporting underframe, and handrail supports are arranged on the left side and the right side of the underframe or at the left, the middle and the right parts of the underframe; the armrest support supports and is connected with a backrest, the backrest is connected with an underframe through the armrest support, the bottoms of support beams on two sides of the backrest are connected with armrests through pin shafts, and the backrest controllable forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is arranged between the backrest and the underframe.

Preferably, the bottom end of the backrest supporting beam is provided with a hinge which enables the backrest to rotate by taking the fixed pin shaft as an axis, the backrest forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is arranged at the lower part of the hinge, one end of the backrest forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is connected with the backrest supporting beam, and the other end of the backrest forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is connected with the underframe.

Preferably, the vehicle is a high-speed railway train, a high-speed motor train unit, a highway bus, a car, a business car, an airplane, a ship, a cruise ship or a passenger liner.

Preferably, a head buffering energy absorption device is further arranged at the upper part of the backrest.

Preferably, the rigid structure of the upper end rear surface of the prior art seat back is changed, a serpentine spring is arranged in the middle, the back is covered with foam material, and the front is covered with a cushion.

Preferably, the backrest controllable forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is arranged at the bottom of the support beam, below the support frame or above the handrail.

Preferably, the backrest controllable forward-leaning buffering energy-absorbing device is a spring device, a hydraulic cylinder damping device, an inertia unlocking device and/or a hinge device.

Preferably, a fixed end of the tension spring is provided on the backrest, and a fixed end of the tension spring is provided on the seat.

Preferably, the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the backrest, and a suspension hammer is arranged on the seat, and the suspension hammer suspension line is connected with a pulling bolt of the switch valve.

Preferably, the backrest is provided with a hook insert, the seat is provided with a horizontal groove, one end of the horizontal groove facing the hook insert of the backrest is provided with a hook tooth capable of being inserted into the hook insert, the bottom surface of the hook insert and the bottom surface of the hook tooth are on the same horizontal plane but are slightly lower than the plane of the horizontal groove, and the hook tooth and the hook insert together contain a ball or a roller.

Preferably, a diagonal brace with an intermediate hinge shaft is arranged between the backrest and the seat, the intermediate hinge shaft is also hinged with the hanging hammer, a suspension line of the hanging hammer is connected with a fixed hinge at a position adjacent to the intermediate hinge shaft, and the diagonal brace, the backrest and the seat form a triangle.

Preferably, the backrest comprises an upper end, a middle section and a lower end of the belt head buffering and energy absorbing protector which are hinged on the front surface in sequence; an interconnecting tension spring is provided between the upper end and the middle section at the rear surface or inside, an interconnecting tension spring is provided between the middle section and the lower end at the rear surface or inside, or an interconnecting tension spring is provided between the upper end and the lower end at the rear surface or inside.

According to another aspect of the invention, a design method of a safety seat of a vehicle is provided, which is characterized in that when a moment generated by an occupant impacting a front-row backrest is higher than a set critical moment value, the backrest can rotate forwards around a fixed pin shaft to absorb part of collision energy, so that the rear-row occupant is protected or relieved of damage; meanwhile, the backrest is prevented from excessively rotating forwards, and secondary collision is avoided, so that the front row passengers are protected from or are lightened from being damaged.

Preferably, under the normal operation condition, the back rest is in the normal posture by the tension spring, the back rest does not tilt forward under the tension of the spring, but when the moment generated by the rear row passenger impacting the upper part of the front row back rest is higher than the critical moment value of the tension spring, the front row back rest tilts forward around the fixed pin shaft, and the parameters such as the elastic coefficient of the spring and the like are set.

Preferably, under a normal operation condition, the oil path of the hydraulic cylinder does not flow, so that the backrest is in a normal posture, the backrest does not tilt forward under the restraining action of the hydraulic cylinder, but when a collision accident occurs, the hammer swings forward, so that the draw bolt is in an opening position of the switch valve, the oil path of the hydraulic cylinder is transferred to the front from the rear of the operation direction by the moment generated when a rear-row passenger collides with the upper part of the front-row backrest, the front-row backrest tilts forward around the fixed pin shaft, the piston rod is lengthened, and parameters such as the stroke of the piston rod are set.

Preferably, under the normal operation condition, the hook tooth and the hook insert cannot be separated from each other, so that the backrest is in a normal posture, the backrest cannot tilt forwards under the blocking of the roller or the ball, but when a collision accident occurs, the ball or the roller leaves the hook tooth and the hook insert under the inertia effect and enters the horizontal groove, so that the hook tooth and the hook insert are separated from each other for constraint, the front row backrest tilts forwards around the fixed pin shaft by the moment generated when a rear row passenger collides the upper part of the front row backrest, and parameters such as the swing angle of the hook insert are set.

Preferably, under a normal operation condition, the backrest is in a normal posture due to the stability of the triangle, but when a collision accident occurs, the hanging hammer suddenly swings forwards, the hanging hammer pulls the middle hinge shaft under the action of a lever force, the middle hinge shaft is enabled to leave a straight line where the inclined strut is located, the stability of the triangle is damaged, a front-row backrest tilts forwards around the fixed pin shaft due to the moment generated when a rear-row passenger collides the upper portion of the front-row backrest, and the position of the stop pin and other parameters are set.

Preferably, under normal operation conditions, the adjacent surfaces between the upper end and the middle section of the backrest and the adjacent surfaces between the middle section and the lower end between the rear surface of the backrest and the hinge shaft between the front surfaces are closely attached to each other, and the tension springs are mutually connected to enable the backrest to be in a normal posture.

According to the safety seat of the vehicle, passengers can be lightened or even prevented from being injured by collision of the front seat when the vehicle decelerates suddenly.

According to the invention, the backrest of the seat is provided with the buffering energy-absorbing structure, the front and back inclination angle of the backrest can be controlled in a reasonable range, so that passengers are protected from being damaged, the upper end of the backrest can be further provided with the buffering energy-absorbing structure, and the pertinence to head protection is strong, so that unexpected beneficial technical effects are generated through a simple and feasible structure, and the ideal function of the safety seat is realized. Reports about similar products are not seen internationally.

The invention breaks through the traditional thinking inertia, overcomes the bias of the traditional technology, carries out updating and updating upgrading transformation on the traditional common products, provides the safety seat allowing the backrest to tilt forward controllably, and has economic and social benefits.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a seat structure according to the prior art.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a safety seat according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 3A and 3B are schematic views illustrating the structure of a safety seat according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 4A and 4B are schematic views illustrating the structure of a safety seat according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5A and 5B are schematic views illustrating the structure of a safety seat according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6A and 6B are schematic views illustrating the structure of a safety seat according to a further embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 7A and 7B are schematic views illustrating the structure of a safety seat according to still further embodiments of the present invention.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1-2, the lower end of the supporting leg 4 of the seat is mounted on the floor of the high-speed train, and the top end is connected with the underframe 5; the underframe 5 mainly plays a supporting role, and the upper part of the underframe is provided with a cushion 7. The armrest support 3 is arranged at the left, middle and right parts of the underframe 5; the armrest support 3 has a supporting function for the backrest 2 and a connecting function for the backrest 2, the backrest 2 is connected with the underframe 5 through the armrest support 3, the bottoms of the support beams on two sides of the backrest 2 are connected with the armrest support 3 through pin shafts, and backward inclination adjustment by taking the pin shafts as axes can be realized.

In one embodiment of the safety seat according to the present invention, a spring buffering and energy absorbing device 6 is connected between the bottom of the support beam of the backrest 2 and the underframe 5, and the upper part of the backrest 2 is provided with a head buffering and energy absorbing device 1, which effectively protects the occupant from being damaged during the collision.

In the seat structure of the related art shown in fig. 1, since the cushion energy absorbers 1 and 6 are not provided, the rear passenger may be seriously injured after hitting the front seatback by inertia in a collision accident. Since the backrest 2 can only be tilted backwards and not forwards, the greater the backward tilt angle of the backrest 2 in the event of a collision, the more detrimental is the protection against injury to the rear occupants.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in fig. 2, the damage caused by the impact of an occupant on the backrest of the front seat in the event of a train collision can be reduced by the backrest buffering energy-absorbing device 6. The bottom end of the backrest supporting beam is provided with a rotating hinge, the backrest can rotate by taking a fixed pin shaft as an axis, the lower part of the hinge is provided with a spring buffering energy-absorbing device 6, one end of the device 6 is connected with the backrest supporting beam, and the other end of the device is connected with the underframe 5. When a collision accident occurs and the moment generated when a passenger collides with the front backrest is higher than a set critical moment value, the backrest 2 can rotate forwards around the fixed pin shaft along the direction shown by the arrow F, and the spring buffering energy-absorbing device 6 can absorb part of collision energy, so that the purpose of protecting the rear passenger is achieved.

According to the invention, the damage of the back row passengers is reduced, meanwhile, the damage of the front row passengers is also considered, and the secondary collision accident that the back row passengers collide with the front row passengers due to the fact that the backrest 2 excessively rotates forwards in the accident or the collision accident that the back row passengers fly out of the seat and collide with other interior structures due to the fact that the front row backrest 2 excessively leans forwards is avoided, so in a further embodiment, a limit locking mechanism is additionally arranged at the bottom of a backrest supporting beam, when the backrest 2 leans forwards to a certain angle, the limit locking mechanism starts to intervene to lock the backrest 2, the secondary collision is avoided, and the purpose of protecting the front row passengers is achieved.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the energy absorption and buffering device 6 is a spring, and under the normal operation condition, the energy absorption and buffering device 6 will not lean forward under the tension of the spring. When collision accident happens, the moment generated when the passenger collides the front row backrest is higher than the set critical moment value, so that the front row backrest 2 tilts forwards around the fixed pin shaft; the larger the forward inclination amplitude is, the larger the tension of the spring is, and when the moment generated by the passenger impacting the front row backrest is equal to the moment value generated by the tension of the spring, the backrest 2 stops rotating forwards continuously, so that the parameters of the spring are set, and the rear row passenger and the front row passenger can be protected.

The upper end of the seat back according to the related art is a rigid structure, and the head of the rear passenger easily collides with the upper end of the front seat back to cause damage in a collision accident, and may be fatal in a serious case. In order to well avoid the head of the back row passenger from being damaged due to the impact in the collision accident, the head buffering energy absorption device 1 is preferably arranged at the upper part of the backrest support beam, the back part is covered with foam material, the middle part is connected with a serpentine spring, and the front part is covered with a back cushion 8, so that the energy of the head impact is absorbed more pertinently, and the purpose of protecting the head of the back row passenger from being damaged due to the impact is achieved.

As shown in fig. 3A, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a fixed end 11 of a tension spring 13 is provided on the backrest 2, a fixed end 12 of the tension spring 13 is provided on the chassis 5, the tension spring 13 makes the backrest 2 in a normal posture under a normal operation condition, and the backrest 2 does not tilt forward under a tension force of the spring 13. However, when a collision accident occurs, as shown in fig. 3B, when the moment generated when a rear passenger collides with the upper portion 1 of the front seat back 2 is higher than the critical moment value of the tension spring 13, the front seat back 2 is tilted forward around the fixed pin shaft and the tension spring 13 is extended; the larger the forward inclination amplitude is, the larger the tension of the spring 13 is, and the backrest 2 stops rotating forward when the moment generated by the occupant striking the front row backrest is equal to the moment value generated by the tension of the spring 13, so that the parameters such as the elastic coefficient of the spring 13 are set, and the rear row occupant and the front row occupant can be protected.

As shown in fig. 4A, according to still another embodiment of the present invention, a piston rod of a hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the backrest 2, a hammer is provided on the base frame 5, a suspension line of the hammer is connected to a draw bolt of an on-off valve, an oil path of the hydraulic cylinder does not flow under a normal operation condition, so that the backrest 2 is in a normal posture, and the backrest 2 does not tilt forward under a restraining action of the hydraulic cylinder. However, when a collision accident occurs, as shown in fig. 4B, the hammer swings forward, so that the draw bolt is in the open position of the on-off valve, and the moment generated when the rear row passenger hits the upper portion 1 of the front row backrest 2 causes the oil path of the hydraulic cylinder to be shifted forward from the rear of the operation direction, so that the front row backrest 2 tilts forward around the fixed pin shaft, and the piston rod is extended; on the other hand, the larger the forward tilting amplitude is, the longer the stroke of the piston rod can limit the backrest 2 from stopping further forward rotation, so that by setting parameters such as the stroke of the piston rod, it is possible to protect both the rear passenger and the front passenger.

As shown in fig. 5A, according to another embodiment of the present invention, a hook insert is provided on the backrest 2, a horizontal groove is provided on the bottom frame 5, the end of the horizontal groove facing the hook insert of the backrest is provided with a hook tooth capable of being inserted into the hook insert, and the bottom surface of the hook insert and the bottom surface of the hook tooth are on the same horizontal plane, but are slightly lower than the plane of the horizontal groove. Under the normal operation condition, the hook teeth and the hook inserts together contain a ball or a roller, so that the hook teeth and the hook inserts cannot be separated from each other, the backrest 2 is in a normal posture, and the backrest 2 cannot tilt forward under the blocking of the roller or the ball. However, in case of a collision accident, as shown in fig. 5B, the balls or rollers leave the hook teeth and the hook sockets under the inertia effect and enter the horizontal grooves, so that the hook teeth and the hook sockets are separated from each other to be restrained, the front row backrest 2 is tilted forward around the fixed pin shaft by the moment generated when the rear row passenger collides with the upper portion 1 of the front row backrest 2, and various measures are easily taken to limit the backrest 2 from continuing to rotate forward, so that the rear row passenger and the front row passenger can be protected by setting parameters such as the swing angle of the hook socket.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, as shown in fig. 6A, a diagonal brace with an intermediate hinge axis is provided between the backrest 2 and the underframe 5, said intermediate hinge axis also being hinged to the plumb, the line of suspension of the plumb being connected to a fixed hinge adjacent to said intermediate hinge axis. Under normal operating conditions, there is a triangular stability between the backrest 2 and the chassis 5, so that the backrest 2 is in a normal posture. However, when a collision accident occurs, as shown in fig. 6B, the drop hammer suddenly swings forward, and under the action of a lever force, the drop hammer pulls the middle hinge shaft, so that the middle hinge shaft is away from a straight line where the inclined strut is located, the stability of the triangle is destroyed, the moment generated when the rear passenger collides with the upper portion 1 of the front backrest 2 causes the front backrest 2 to tilt forward around the fixed pin shaft, and various measures are easily taken, for example, a stop pin is arranged at a proper position to limit the backrest 2 to stop rotating forward, so that the parameters such as the position of the stop pin are set, and not only the rear passenger but also the front passenger can be protected.

According to a still further embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 7A, the backrest 2 is divided into three sections hinged in sequence at the front surface, i.e., an upper end 1, a middle section 21 and a lower end 22 of the headed energy-absorbing bumper. An interconnected tension spring is provided between the upper end 1 and the middle section 21 at the rear surface or inside, and an interconnected tension spring is provided between the middle section 21 and the lower end 22 at the rear surface or inside, or an interconnected tension spring is provided between the upper end 1 and the lower end 22 at the rear surface or inside. Under normal operating conditions, the adjacent surfaces between the upper end 1 and the middle section 21 of the backrest 2 and the adjacent surfaces between the middle section 21 and the lower end 22 are in close contact with each other between the rear surface of the backrest and the hinge shaft between the front surfaces, and are in tension spring communication with each other, so that the backrest 2 is in a normal posture. However, in the event of a collision accident, as shown in fig. 7B, the moment generated when the rear passenger hits the upper portion 1 of the front seat back 2 causes the front seat back 2 to fold forward around the hinge shafts of the respective sections, and the tension of the tension spring restricts the seat back 2 from continuing to rotate forward, so that both the rear passenger and the front passenger can be protected by setting parameters such as the elastic coefficient of the tension spring.

Having thus described several embodiments in detail, the inventors have broadly disclosed their own inventive concepts, and yet, in light of the above disclosure, will be able to make further additions, improvements, substitutions, modifications, and the like to those skilled in the art. However, it is intended that this fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A safety seat for a vehicle is characterized in that a hydraulic cylinder serving as a damping device is arranged between a backrest and a supporting underframe, the hydraulic cylinder is provided with a switch valve, a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged on the backrest, a hanging hammer is arranged on the underframe, a hanging line of the hanging hammer is connected with a pull bolt of the switch valve,

under the normal operation working condition, the switch valve is in a closed position, the oil way of the hydraulic cylinder does not flow, so that the backrest does not lean forward, and under the traction action of the hydraulic cylinder, the oil way of the hydraulic cylinder is static, so that the backrest is in a normal posture;

when a collision accident occurs, the hanging hammer swings forwards under the action of inertia force, and the piston rod is elongated until the pull bolt is positioned at the opening position of the switch valve;

the larger the forward tilting amplitude is, the larger the stroke of the piston rod is until the limited backrest stops continuing to rotate forwards.

2. The safety seat according to claim 1, wherein a moment generated when a rear occupant hits an upper portion of the front seat back causes an oil passage of the hydraulic cylinder to be shifted from a rear to a front in the operation direction, tilting the front seat back forward about the fixed pin.

3. A safety seat according to claim 1, wherein both rear and front occupants are protected by setting the stroke parameters of the piston rod.

4. The safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic cylinder is replaced with a forward backrest leaning energy absorbing bumper.

5. A safety seat according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle is a high speed railway train, a highway bus, a car, an aircraft, a cruise ship or a cruise ship.