CN110755519A - 一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪、当归、路路通、苍术、制南星、香附、乳香、没药、肉桂、秦艽、三七、马钱子、赤芍、红花。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种中药组合物，具体涉及一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物，属于医药领域。
背景技术
类风湿性关节炎(Rheumatoid Arthrits，RA)是以关节滑膜慢性炎症为主的自身免疫性疾病，能引起关节肿痛，继而导致软骨破坏，关节间隙变窄，晚期关节畸形，最终出现不同程度的残疾。部分患者还可出现关节外病变，包括心脏损害、血管炎、肺损害、眼损害等。一般类风湿性关节炎的关节病变只能致残，罕有致死，但关节外表现或其并发症有致死的可能。根据统计表明，RA在全世界均有发病，平均发病率为1％，而我国患病率为0.3％～0.4％，发病率呈逐年增高趋势，若未及时诊治，70％患者数年后可致残，平均寿命缩短10～15年。实际上，风湿类疾病一直是我国高发病之一，目前国内类风湿、系统性红斑狼疮、干燥综合症、强直性脊柱炎患者达到1970万人左右，骨关节炎患者约有3000万人，其中类风湿性关节炎和强直性脊柱炎已经成为我国人群丧失劳动力和致残的第二大病因。
类风湿关节炎是一种致残率较高，严重影响患者工作、生活能力和生活质量的疾病。因大多数患者发作与缓解交替进行，故需要长期服用药物以减轻和控制病情。而通常抗风湿的中西药物均有不同程度的毒副作用，长期服用病人很难耐受，且使用风险也增大。
现有技术公开的一种复方骨秘胶囊，原料药包含鹿含草、淫羊藿、熟地、生地、骨碎补、附子、乳香、当归、肉桂、川乌、草乌、秦艽、细辛、补骨脂、穿山甲、丹参、南星、肉苁蓉、血竭、黄芪、人参、全虫、没药、蜈蚣、甘草，治疗类风湿关节炎、肩周炎等风湿病。该组方包含多种贵重药材，如穿山甲、全虫、蜈蚣、人参、肉苁蓉等，成本较高。
发明内容
为解决现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物。
作为本发明的一个方面，本发明提供一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物，该中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪、当归、路路通、苍术、制南星、香附、乳香、没药、肉桂、秦艽、三七、马钱子、赤芍、红花。
在具体的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪43-95重量份、当归8-45重量份、路路通8-43重量份、苍术12-60重量份、制南星12-60重量份、香附12-60重量份、乳香8-45重量份、没药8-45重量份、肉桂10-45重量份、秦艽10-45重量份、三七3-25重量份、马钱子3-25重量份、赤芍12-60重量份、红花8-45重量份。
在优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪53-85重量份、当归10-32重量份、路路通10-30重量份、苍术20-50重量份、制南星20-50重量份、香附20-50重量份、乳香10-32重量份、没药10-32重量份、肉桂13-35重量份、秦艽13-35重量份、三七4-18重量份、马钱子4-18重量份、赤芍20-50重量份、红花10-32重量份。
在进一步优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪63-75重量份、当归13-22重量份、路路通12-20重量份、苍术29-40重量份、制南星29-40重量份、香附29-40重量份、乳香13-22重量份、没药13-22重量份、肉桂18-28重量份、秦艽18-28重量份、三七6-13重量份、马钱子6-13重量份、赤芍29-40重量份、红花13-22重量份。
在最优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪68.7重量份、当归17.2重量份、路路通14.3重量份、苍术34.3重量份、制南星34.3重量份、香附34.3重量份、乳香17.2重量份、没药17.2重量份、肉桂22.9重量份、秦艽22.9重量份、三七7.6重量份、马钱子7.6重量份、赤芍34.3重量份、红花17.2重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪64重量份、当归21重量份、路路通13重量份、苍术39重量份、制南星30重量份、香附38重量份、乳香14重量份、没药20重量份、肉桂19重量份、秦艽27重量份、三七7重量份、制马钱子12重量份、赤芍30重量份、红花21重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪74重量份、当归14重量份、路路通19重量份、苍术30重量份、制南星39重量份、香附30重量份、乳香21重量份、没药14重量份、肉桂27重量份、秦艽19重量份、三七12重量份、制马钱子7重量份、赤芍38重量份、红花14重量份。
作为优选的实施方式，所述乳香为制乳香，所述没药为制没药。
本发明所述中药组合物可以是各原料药粉碎后混合而成的组合物，也可以混合或单独提取后得到的提取物，或者是提取物进一步精制纯化得到的有效部位，还可以是加入药学上可接受的辅料制成的常规剂型。
其中，所述提取方法包括煎煮提取、回流提取、浸渍提取、超声提取、渗漉提取、微波提取等；所述纯化方法包括水提醇沉、碱溶酸沉以及各种柱色谱纯化方法，如大孔树脂柱、硅胶柱、凝胶柱、反相柱等；所述常规剂型包括但不限于注射剂、胶囊剂、片剂、颗粒剂、凝胶剂、缓释剂、口服液、滴丸剂或纳米制剂；所述药学可接受的辅料包括：填充剂、崩解剂、润滑剂、助悬剂、粘合剂、甜味剂、矫味剂、防腐剂、基质等。填充剂包括：淀粉、预胶化淀粉、乳糖、甘露醇、甲壳素、微晶纤维素、蔗糖等；崩解剂包括：淀粉、预胶化淀粉、微晶纤维素、羧甲基淀粉钠、交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、低取代羟丙纤维素、交联羧甲基纤维素钠等；润滑剂包括：硬脂酸镁、十二烷基硫酸钠、滑石粉、二氧化硅等；助悬剂包括：聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、微晶纤维素、蔗糖、琼脂、羟丙基甲基纤维素等；粘合剂包括，淀粉浆、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟丙基甲基纤维素等。
作为本发明的另一个方面，本发明中药组合物还可以由所述原料药的提取物作为原料，因此，本发明还提供一种中药组合物，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物43-95重量份、当归提取物8-45重量份、路路通提取物8-43重量份、苍术提取物12-60重量份、制南星提取物12-60重量份、香附提取物12-60重量份、乳香提取物8-45重量份、没药提取物8-45重量份、肉桂提取物10-45重量份、秦艽提取物10-45重量份、三七提取物3-25重量份、制马钱子提取物3-25重量份、赤芍提取物12-60重量份、红花提取物8-45重量份。
在优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物53-85重量份、当归提取物10-32重量份、路路通提取物10-30重量份、苍术提取物20-50重量份、制南星提取物20-50重量份、香附提取物20-50重量份、乳香提取物10-32重量份、没药提取物10-32重量份、肉桂提取物13-35重量份、秦艽提取物13-35重量份、三七提取物4-18重量份、制马钱子提取物4-18重量份、赤芍提取物20-50重量份、红花提取物10-32重量份。
在进一步优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物63-75重量份、当归提取物13-22重量份、路路通提取物12-20重量份、苍术提取物29-40重量份、制南星提取物29-40重量份、香附提取物29-40重量份、乳香提取物13-22重量份、没药提取物13-22重量份、肉桂提取物18-28重量份、秦艽提取物18-28重量份、三七提取物6-13重量份、制马钱子提取物6-13重量份、赤芍提取物29-40重量份、红花提取物13-22重量份。
在最优选的实施方式中，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物68.7重量份、当归提取物17.2重量份、路路通提取物14.3重量份、苍术提取物34.3重量份、制南星提取物34.3重量份、香附提取物34.3重量份、乳香提取物17.2重量份、没药提取物17.2重量份、肉桂提取物22.9重量份、秦艽提取物22.9重量份、三七提取物7.6重量份、制马钱子提取物7.6重量份、赤芍提取物34.3重量份、红花提取物17.2重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物64重量份、当归提取物21重量份、路路通提取物13重量份、苍术提取物39重量份、制南星提取物30重量份、香附提取物38重量份、乳香提取物14重量份、没药提取物20重量份、肉桂提取物19重量份、秦艽提取物27重量份、三七提取物7重量份、制马钱子提取物12重量份、赤芍提取物30重量份、红花提取物21重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物74重量份、当归提取物14重量份、路路通提取物19重量份、苍术提取物30重量份、制南星提取物39重量份、香附提取物30重量份、乳香提取物21重量份、没药提取物14重量份、肉桂提取物27重量份、秦艽提取物19重量份、三七提取物12重量份、制马钱子提取物7重量份、赤芍提取物38重量份、红花提取物14重量份。
作为优选的实施方式，所述提取物分别为各原料药的水提取物或40％～70％的乙醇提取物。
作为本发明的第二个方面，本发明提供所述中药组合物在制备治疗类风湿关节炎的药物中的应用。
本发明所述水提醇沉法(水醇法)系指在中药水提液中，加入乙醇使达一定含醇量(即醇沉浓度)，某些药物成分在醇溶液中溶解度降低析出沉淀，固液分离后使水提液得以精制的方法。
本发明所述各原料药均收载于《中国药典》2015版，炮制方法为《药典》记载方法。
本发明中药组合物中，黄芪益气固表，利湿消肿，为君药；乳香、没药、当归、三七、赤芍、红花活血祛痰、通络；南星化痰通络，苍术燥湿健脾，肉桂、香附理气温经，温化痰瘀，共为臣药；马钱子、路路通通督脉、止痛，为佐药；秦艽作为使药，祛风除湿、通上肢经络。诸药合用，共奏祛风通络止痛之功效。临床研究表明，本发明中药组合物治疗类风湿性关节炎取得良好效果，临床治愈率和显效率分别为19％和52％，临床总有效率达到98％。
具体实施方式
实施例1
组方：黄芪68.7g、当归17.2g、路路通14.3g、苍术34.3g、制南星34.3g、香附34.3g、乳香17.2g、没药17.2g、肉桂22.9g、秦艽22.9g、三七7.6g、制马钱子7.6g、赤芍34.3g、红花17.2g；
制备方法：
以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例2
组方：黄芪64g、当归21g、路路通13g、苍术39g、制南星30g、香附38g、乳香14g、没药20g、肉桂19g、秦艽27g、三七7g、制马钱子12g、赤芍30g、红花21g；
制备方法：
以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例3
组方：黄芪74g、当归14g、路路通19g、苍术30g、制南星39g、香附30g、乳香21g、没药14g、肉桂27g、秦艽19g、三七12g、制马钱子7g、赤芍38g、红花14g；
制备方法：
以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例4
组方：黄芪54g、当归31g、路路通11g、苍术49g、制南星22g、香附49g、乳香11g、没药31g、肉桂14g、秦艽33g、三七5g、制马钱子19g、赤芍22g、红花31g；
制备方法：
以上十四味药，加水煎煮提取，提取液滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10(80℃)，加入颗粒剂辅料制成颗粒剂。
实施例5
组方：黄芪84g、当归11g、路路通29g、苍术21g、制南星48g、香附21g、乳香30g、没药11g、肉桂34g、秦艽14g、三七19g、制马钱子5g、赤芍49g、红花11g；
制备方法：
以上十四味药，加水回流提取两次，第一次2小时，第二次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10(80℃)，静置，滤过，滤液调整总量至1000ml，搅匀，分装，灭菌，即得。
实施例6
组方：黄芪44g、当归44g、路路通9g、苍术59g、制南星13g、香附59g、乳香9g、没药44g、肉桂11g、秦艽44g、三七4g、制马钱子24g、赤芍13g、红花44g；
制备方法：以上十四味药，加水超声提取两次，每次40min，合并提取液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10(80℃)，加入片剂辅料制成片剂。
实施例7
组方：黄芪93g、当归9g、路路通42g、苍术13g、制南星59g、香附13g、乳香44g、没药9g、肉桂44g、秦艽12g、三七24g、制马钱子4g、赤芍59g、红花9g；
制备方法：以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例8
组方：黄芪66g、当归16g、路路通15g、苍术31g、制南星32g、香附31g、乳香15g、没药15g、肉桂20g、秦艽21g、三七8g、制马钱子9g、赤芍32g、红花20g；
制备方法：以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例9
组方：黄芪70g、当归18g、路路通17g、苍术33g、制南星37g、香附33g、乳香18g、没药18g、肉桂24g、秦艽24g、三七10g、制马钱子11g、赤芍35g、红花19g；
制备方法：以上十四味药，加水超声提取两次，每次40min，合并提取液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10(80℃)，加入片剂辅料制成片剂。
实施例10
组方：黄芪72g、当归20g、路路通18g、苍术36g、制南星31g、香附35g、乳香20g、没药21g、肉桂25g、秦艽26g、三七15g、制马钱子15g、赤芍37g、红花15g；
制备方法：以上十四味药，加水回流提取两次，第一次2小时，第二次1.5小时，合并煎液，滤过，滤液浓缩至相对密度为1.10(80℃)，静置，滤过，滤液调整总量至1000ml，搅匀，分装，灭菌，即得。
实施例11
组方：黄芪20g、当归50g、路路通18g、苍术10g、制南星31g、香附35g、乳香10g、没药10g、肉桂25g、秦艽26g、三七15g、制马钱子15g、赤芍37g、红花15g；
制备方法：
以上十四味，制马钱子粉碎成细粉，其余黄芪等十三味药粉碎成细粉，与上述制马钱子细粉配研，过筛，混匀，装入胶囊，制成1000粒，即得。
实施例12
组方：黄芪提取物68.7g、当归提取物17.2g、路路通提取物14.3g、苍术提取物34.3g、制南星提取物34.3g、香附提取物34.3g、乳香提取物17.2g、没药提取物17.2g、肉桂提取物22.9g、秦艽提取物22.9g、三七提取物7.6g、制马钱子提取物7.6g、赤芍提取物34.3g、红花提取物17.2g。
实施例13
组方：黄芪提取物64g、当归提取物21g、路路通提取物13g、苍术提取物39g、制南星提取物30g、香附提取物38g、乳香提取物14g、没药提取物20g、肉桂提取物19g、秦艽提取物27g、三七提取物7g、制马钱子提取物12g、赤芍提取物30g、红花提取物21g。
实施例14
组方：黄芪提取物74g、当归提取物14g、路路通提取物19g、苍术提取物30g、制南星提取物39g、香附提取物30g、乳香提取物21g、没药提取物14g、肉桂提取物27g、秦艽提取物19g、三七提取物12g、制马钱子提取物7g、赤芍提取物38g、红花提取物14g。
实施例15
组方：黄芪提取物54g、当归提取物31g、路路通提取物11g、苍术提取物49g、制南星提取物22g、香附提取物49g、乳香提取物11g、没药提取物31g、肉桂提取物14g、秦艽提取物33g、三七提取物5g、制马钱子提取物19g、赤芍提取物22g、红花提取物31g。
实施例16
组方：黄芪提取物84g、当归提取物11g、路路通提取物29g、苍术提取物21g、制南星提取物48g、香附提取物21g、乳香提取物30g、没药提取物11g、肉桂提取物34g、秦艽提取物14g、三七提取物19g、制马钱子提取物5g、赤芍提取物49g、红花提取物11g。
实施例17
组方：黄芪提取物44g、当归提取物44g、路路通提取物9g、苍术提取物59g、制南星提取物13g、香附提取物59g、乳香提取物9g、没药提取物44g、肉桂提取物11g、秦艽提取物44g、三七提取物4g、制马钱子提取物24g、赤芍提取物13g、红花提取物44g。
实施例18
组方：黄芪提取物93g、当归提取物9g、路路通提取物42g、苍术提取物13g、制南星提取物59g、香附提取物13g、乳香提取物44g、没药提取物9g、肉桂提取物44g、秦艽提取物12g、三七提取物24g、制马钱子提取物4g、赤芍提取物59g、红花提取物9g。
实施例19
组方：黄芪提取物66g、当归提取物16g、路路通提取物15g、苍术提取物31g、制南星提取物32g、香附提取物31g、乳香提取物15g、没药提取物15g、肉桂提取物20g、秦艽提取物21g、三七提取物8g、制马钱子提取物9g、赤芍提取物32g、红花提取物20g。
实施例20
组方：黄芪提取物70g、当归提取物18g、路路通提取物17g、苍术提取物33g、制南星提取物37g、香附提取物33g、乳香提取物18g、没药提取物18g、肉桂提取物24g、秦艽提取物24g、三七提取物10g、制马钱子提取物11g、赤芍提取物35g、红花提取物19g。
实施例21
组方：黄芪提取物72g、当归提取物20g、路路通提取物18g、苍术提取物36g、制南星提取物31g、香附提取物35g、乳香提取物20g、没药提取物21g、肉桂提取物25g、秦艽提取物26g、三七提取物15g、制马钱子提取物15g、赤芍提取物37g、红花提取物15g。
以上实施例12-21所述提取物分别为各原料药的水提取物。
效果实施例
1一般资料
200例类风湿性关节炎患者随机分为2组，治疗组100例，男35例，女65例；年龄18～62岁，平均38.6岁；病程7个月～23年，平均4.6年；对照组100例，男37例，女63例；年龄16～55岁，平均36.6岁；病程8个月～28年，平均4.3年；两组一般资料经统计学处理无显著差异(P>0.05)，具有可比性。
2治疗方法
2.1治疗组按本发明实施例1制备的胶囊剂，3粒/次，3次/d，连续口服，8周为1个疗程。
2.2对照组按本发明实施例11制备的胶囊剂，3粒/次，3次/d，连续口服，8周为1个疗程。
3疗效观察
3.1疗效标准参照国家中医药管理局颁发的《中医病证诊断疗效标准》：
临床治愈：症状全部消失，关节功能恢复正常；
显效：全部症状消除或主要症状消除，关节功能基本恢复正常，能参加正常工作和劳动；
有效：主要症状基本消除，主要关节功能基本恢复或有明显进步，生活不能自理转为能自理，或失去工作和劳动能力转为劳动和工作能力有所恢复；
无效：与治疗前相比，症状和体征无变化。
3.2治疗结果
两组疗效比较见表1。
表1临床疗效结果(例/％)
与对照组比较，*P<0.05
以上结果表明，治疗组的临床治愈率和显效率均显著高于对照组，总有效率达到98％，优于对照组。
Claims (10)
1.一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪、当归、路路通、苍术、制南星、香附、乳香、没药、肉桂、秦艽、三七、马钱子、赤芍、红花。
2.如权利要求1所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪43-95重量份、当归8-45重量份、路路通8-43重量份、苍术12-60重量份、制南星12-60重量份、香附12-60重量份、乳香8-45重量份、没药8-45重量份、肉桂10-45重量份、秦艽10-45重量份、三七3-25重量份、马钱子3-25重量份、赤芍12-60重量份、红花8-45重量份。
3.如权利要求2所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪53-85重量份、当归10-32重量份、路路通10-30重量份、苍术20-50重量份、制南星20-50重量份、香附20-50重量份、乳香10-32重量份、没药10-32重量份、肉桂13-35重量份、秦艽13-35重量份、三七4-18重量份、马钱子4-18重量份、赤芍20-50重量份、红花10-32重量份。
4.如权利要求3所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪63-75重量份、当归13-22重量份、路路通12-20重量份、苍术29-40重量份、制南星29-40重量份、香附29-40重量份、乳香13-22重量份、没药13-22重量份、肉桂18-28重量份、秦艽18-28重量份、三七6-13重量份、马钱子6-13重量份、赤芍29-40重量份、红花13-22重量份。
5.如权利要求4所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪68.7重量份、当归17.2重量份、路路通14.3重量份、苍术34.3重量份、制南星34.3重量份、香附34.3重量份、乳香17.2重量份、没药17.2重量份、肉桂22.9重量份、秦艽22.9重量份、三七7.6重量份、马钱子7.6重量份、赤芍34.3重量份、红花17.2重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪64重量份、当归21重量份、路路通13重量份、苍术39重量份、制南星30重量份、香附38重量份、乳香14重量份、没药20重量份、肉桂19重量份、秦艽27重量份、三七7重量份、制马钱子12重量份、赤芍30重量份、红花21重量份；
或，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪74重量份、当归14重量份、路路通19重量份、苍术30重量份、制南星39重量份、香附30重量份、乳香21重量份、没药14重量份、肉桂27重量份、秦艽19重量份、三七12重量份、制马钱子7重量份、赤芍38重量份、红花14重量份。
6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物为各原料药粉碎后混合而成的组合物，或各原料药混合或单独提取后得到的提取物，或是提取物进一步精制纯化得到的有效部位，或加入药学上可接受的辅料制成的常规剂型。
7.一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物53-85重量份、当归提取物10-32重量份、路路通提取物10-30重量份、苍术提取物20-50重量份、制南星提取物20-50重量份、香附提取物20-50重量份、乳香提取物10-32重量份、没药提取物10-32重量份、肉桂提取物13-35重量份、秦艽提取物13-35重量份、三七提取物4-18重量份、制马钱子提取物4-18重量份、赤芍提取物20-50重量份、红花提取物10-32重量份。
8.如权利要求7所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述中药组合物由如下原料药制成：黄芪提取物63-75重量份、当归提取物13-22重量份、路路通提取物12-20重量份、苍术提取物29-40重量份、制南星提取物29-40重量份、香附提取物29-40重量份、乳香提取物13-22重量份、没药提取物13-22重量份、肉桂提取物18-28重量份、秦艽提取物18-28重量份、三七提取物6-13重量份、制马钱子提取物6-13重量份、赤芍提取物29-40重量份、红花提取物13-22重量份。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的中药组合物，其特征在于，所述提取物分别为各原料药的水提取物或40％～70％的乙醇提取物。
10.如权利要求1-5、7-8任一项所述的中药组合物在制备治疗类风湿关节炎的药物中的应用。
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| CN107519252A (zh) * | 2016-06-20 | 2017-12-29 | 魏晓露 | 一种治疗类风湿关节炎的中药组合物及其应用 |
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