CN110754685A - Cigarette with low harmful components in smoke and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cigarette with low harmful components in smoke and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110754685A CN110754685A CN201911103092.5A CN201911103092A CN110754685A CN 110754685 A CN110754685 A CN 110754685A CN 201911103092 A CN201911103092 A CN 201911103092A CN 110754685 A CN110754685 A CN 110754685A
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- cigarette
- abelmoschus manihot
- extraction
- hydroxyapatite
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/24—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by extraction; Tobacco extracts
- A24B15/26—Use of organic solvents for extraction
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
- A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
- A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
- A24D1/002—Cigars; Cigarettes with additives, e.g. for flavouring
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco, and particularly relates to a cigarette with low harmful components in smoke and a preparation method thereof. The cigarette uses Abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate and hydroxyapatite as cigarette additives to be added into conventional tobacco shreds, and the three components have combined action, so that the sensory quality of the cigarette is ensured, and the contents of harmful components such as tar, CO, HCN, NNK, BaP, nicotine and the like in the smoke of the cigarette can be remarkably reduced; the preparation method is a traditional cigarette preparation process, does not change the cigarette processing process and performance, is simple to operate, and can be applied to large-scale cigarette production.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tobacco. More particularly, relates to a cigarette with low harmful components in smoke and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The smoking mode of the cigarette makes the cigarette burning in a high-temperature oxygen-deficient incomplete burning state, limited burning and the temperature up to 900 ℃ cause the reactions of distillation, dry distillation, pyrolysis, synthesis and the like to occur simultaneously, and a large amount of new compounds are generated to exist in the smoke. These compounds include substances which provide tobacco with fragrance, taste and physiological action, substances which produce offensive odor, irritation and unpleasant taste, and harmful substances such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, crotonaldehyde, etc. Harmful components contained in the smoke are harmful to human health, certain pollution is caused to the atmospheric environment, and the development of the cigarette which can obviously reduce the harmful components in the smoke is urgently needed.
At present, a great deal of research is carried out by technicians in the field aiming at reducing harmful components in smoke, for example, Chinese patent application CN103355742A discloses a cigarette capable of greatly reducing harmful components in smoke and a preparation method thereof, the cigarette can greatly reduce the harmful components in the smoke by arranging a specific three-part structure and adopting a certain material and preparation process, and can provide different smoking quality from the traditional cigarette. Chinese patent application CN107495459A discloses a ginkgo leaf cigarette and a preparation method thereof, the cigarette is prepared by spraying ginkgo leaf extract solution in conventional tobacco shreds and rolling, the processing technology and performance of the cigarette are not changed, harmful ingredients in the cigarette are reduced, the safety and comfort in the smoking process of the cigarette are improved, and a Chinese style cigarette with certain characteristics is formed, but the addition of the plant extract only can reduce tar, nicotine and CO to a certain extent, and the influence on the smoking quality of the cigarette is considered, the addition amount is low, and the harm reduction degree is very limited.
Therefore, the cigarette which has good smoking quality and can obviously reduce various harmful components in smoke and the preparation method thereof are urgently needed to be provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems of limited smoke harm reduction degree and easily influenced smoking quality of cigarettes in the prior art and provide the cigarettes with good smoking quality and low harmful smoke components.
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a cigarette with low harmful components in smoke.
The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a cigarette with low harmful components in smoke comprises a cigarette additive with the weight of 0.01-0.5% of the weight of tobacco shreds; the cigarette additive comprises Abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate and hydroxyapatite according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.1-1) to 0.5-5.
Furthermore, the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 20-100 nm.
Preferably, the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 20-60 nm.
More preferably, the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 60 nm.
Furthermore, the preparation method of the Abelmoschus manihot extract comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing the Abelmoschus manihot, putting the crushed Abelmoschus manihot into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction apparatus, setting the extraction temperature to be 30-35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 20-30 MPa, the separation temperature to be 20-30 ℃, the separation pressure to be 5-20 MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 10-30L/min, and performing cyclic extraction for 2-5 h to obtain the Abelmoschus manihot extract.
Preferably, the cigarette contains a cigarette additive accounting for 0.01-0.1% of the weight of the cut tobacco.
More preferably, the cigarette contains cigarette additives with the weight of 0.1 percent of the weight of the cut tobacco.
Preferably, the cigarette additive consists of the abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate and hydroxyapatite according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) to 2-5.
More preferably, the cigarette additive consists of the abelmoschus manihot extract, the sodium caseinate and the hydroxyapatite according to the weight ratio of 1:0.4: 2.
In addition, the invention also provides a preparation method of the cigarette, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, placing the Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and sodium caseinate in water with the weight volume ratio of 1 (50-200), adding hydroxyapatite, and homogenizing for 2-10 min to obtain a cigarette additive solution;
s3, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on tobacco shreds, naturally drying, and balancing for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 22-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, so that the obtained tobacco shreds are made into cigarettes.
Further, in the step s1, the preparation method of the abelmoschus manihot extract comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the Abelmoschus manihot, putting the crushed Abelmoschus manihot into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction apparatus, setting the extraction temperature to be 30-35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 20-30 MPa, the separation temperature to be 20-30 ℃, the separation pressure to be 5-20 MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 10-30L/min, and performing cyclic extraction for 2-5 h to obtain the Abelmoschus manihot extract.
The inventor surprisingly discovers in practice that the Abelmoschus manihot extract, the sodium caseinate and the hydroxyapatite are used as cigarette additives and added into conventional tobacco shreds to prepare cigarettes, and on the basis of ensuring the sensory quality of the cigarettes, the contents of harmful components such as tar, CO, HCN, NNK, BaP, nicotine and the like in the smoke of the cigarettes can be obviously reduced. The mechanism is not clear, and the inventor researches and considers that the hydroxyapatite in the cigarette additive can obviously reduce the content of nitride in argon; the effective components of alkaloid, flavonoid and the like are obtained by the supercritical extraction of the abelmoschus manihot through carbon dioxide, the content of very high components of tar, CO, BaP, nicotine and the like can be obviously reduced, and the components of volatile oil and the like in the extract can coordinate the sensory quality of cigarettes to a certain extent; the addition of a certain amount of sodium caseinate can promote hydroxyapatite in the solution to adsorb effective components of the Abelmoschus manihot extract, so that the effective components of the Abelmoschus manihot extract are prevented from being damaged when the cigarette is burnt, and harmful components in cigarette smoke are reduced by combining the effective components, the hydroxyapatite and the cigarette.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the cigarette of the invention takes the abelmoschus manihot extract, the sodium caseinate and the hydroxyapatite as the cigarette additives to be added into the conventional tobacco shreds, and the three components are combined to ensure the sensory quality of the cigarette, and can also obviously reduce the content of harmful components such as tar, CO, HCN, NNK, BaP, nicotine and the like in the smoke of the cigarette.
(2) The cigarette of the invention adopts the traditional cigarette preparation process, does not change the cigarette processing process and performance, has simple preparation method and can be applied to large-scale cigarette production.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.
Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.
Example 1A cigarette having Low Smoke harmful ingredients
The cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is prepared by the following method
S1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract: drying and crushing 10kg of Abelmoschus manihot, then putting into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction instrument, setting the extraction temperature to be 35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 25MPa, the separation temperature to be 25 ℃, the separation pressure to be 15MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 20L/min, and circularly extracting for 3h to obtain 564.2g of Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, preparing a cigarette additive solution: 564.2g of Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and 225.7g of sodium caseinate are placed in 192L of water, 1128.4g of hydroxyapatite is added, and homogenization is carried out for 5min, so as to obtain cigarette additive solution;
s3, preparing cigarettes: and S2, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on 1918.3kg of cut tobacco to enable the weight of the cigarette additive to be 0.1% of that of the cut tobacco, naturally airing, and balancing for 12 hours at 25 ℃ and 60% humidity to obtain the cut tobacco, and then preparing the obtained cut tobacco into cigarettes.
Wherein the weight ratio of the Abelmoschus manihot extract to the sodium caseinate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:0.4: 2; the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 60 nm.
Example 2 cigarette with Low harmful ingredients in Smoke
The cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is prepared by the following method
S1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract: drying and crushing 10kg of Abelmoschus manihot, then putting into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction instrument, setting the extraction temperature to be 35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 25MPa, the separation temperature to be 25 ℃, the separation pressure to be 15MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 20L/min, and circularly extracting for 3h to obtain 557.4g of Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, preparing a cigarette additive solution: 557.4g of Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and 223.0g of sodium caseinate are placed in 190L of water, 1114.8g of hydroxyapatite is added, and homogenization is carried out for 5min, so as to obtain cigarette additive solution;
s3, preparing cigarettes: and S2, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on 1895.2kg of cut tobacco to enable the weight of the cigarette additive to be 0.1% of that of the cut tobacco, naturally airing, and balancing for 12 hours at 25 ℃ and 60% humidity to obtain the cut tobacco, and then preparing the obtained cut tobacco into cigarettes.
Wherein the weight ratio of the Abelmoschus manihot extract to the sodium caseinate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:0.4: 2; the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 20 nm.
Example 3 cigarette having Low harmful ingredients in Smoke
The cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is prepared by the following method
S1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract: drying and crushing 10kg of Abelmoschus manihot, putting into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction instrument, setting the extraction temperature to be 35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 25MPa, the separation temperature to be 25 ℃, the separation pressure to be 15MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 20L/min, and circularly extracting for 3h to obtain 561.5g of Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, preparing a cigarette additive solution: putting 561.5g of the Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and 224.6g of sodium caseinate in 191L of water, adding 1123.0g of hydroxyapatite, and homogenizing for 5min to obtain a cigarette additive solution;
s3, preparing cigarettes: and S2, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on 1909.1kg of cut tobacco to enable the weight of the cigarette additive to be 0.1% of that of the cut tobacco, naturally airing, and balancing for 12 hours at 25 ℃ and 60% humidity to obtain the cut tobacco, and then preparing the obtained cut tobacco into cigarettes.
Wherein the weight ratio of the Abelmoschus manihot extract to the sodium caseinate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:0.4: 2; the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 100 nm.
Example 4A cigarette having Low Smoke harmful ingredients
The cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is prepared by the following method
S1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract: drying and crushing 10kg of Abelmoschus manihot, then putting into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction instrument, setting the extraction temperature at 30 ℃, the extraction pressure at 30MPa, the separation temperature at 20 ℃, the separation pressure at 20MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate at 30L/min, and performing cyclic extraction for 2h to obtain 559.6g of Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, preparing a cigarette additive solution: 559.6g of Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and 559.6g of sodium caseinate are placed in 783L of water, 2798.0g of hydroxyapatite are added, and homogenization is carried out for 10min to obtain a cigarette additive solution;
s3, preparing cigarettes: and S2, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on 39172kg of cut tobacco to enable the weight of the cigarette additive to be 0.01% of that of the cut tobacco, naturally airing, and balancing for 10 hours at 23 ℃ and 55% of humidity to obtain the cut tobacco, and preparing the obtained cut tobacco into cigarettes.
Wherein the weight ratio of the Abelmoschus manihot extract to the sodium caseinate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:1: 5; the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 60 nm.
Example 5A cigarette having Low Smoke harmful ingredients
The cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is prepared by the following method
S1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract: drying and crushing 10kg of Abelmoschus manihot, then putting into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction instrument, setting the extraction temperature to be 35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 20MPa, the separation temperature to be 30 ℃, the separation pressure to be 5MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 10L/min, and circularly extracting for 5h to obtain 551.7g of Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, preparing a cigarette additive solution: placing 551.7g of Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and 110.3g of sodium caseinate in 19L of water, adding 275.9g of hydroxyapatite, and homogenizing for 2min to obtain a cigarette additive solution;
s3, preparing cigarettes: and S2, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on 187.6kg of tobacco shreds to enable the weight of the cigarette additive to be 0.5% of that of the tobacco shreds, naturally airing, and balancing for 15 hours at 25 ℃ and 55% of humidity to obtain the tobacco shreds, and preparing the tobacco shreds into cigarettes.
Wherein the weight ratio of the Abelmoschus manihot extract to the sodium caseinate to the hydroxyapatite is 1:0.2: 0.5; the particle size of the hydroxyapatite is 60 nm.
Comparative example 1 cigarette
The difference from example 1 is that the cigarette of comparative example 1 does not contain a cigarette additive, and the rest of the parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 2 cigarette
The difference from example 1 is that the cigarette additive of comparative example 2 does not contain sodium caseinate, and the rest of the parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 3 cigarette
The difference from example 1 is that the cigarette additive of comparative example 3 replaces the abelmoschus manihot extract with the abelmoschus manihot extract, which is prepared by the following steps: drying and pulverizing 1kg Abelmoschus manihot, adding 2.5L 65% ethanol, reflux extracting for 2 hr, filtering, extracting the residue with the same method for 1 time, mixing filtrates, concentrating, and drying to obtain Abelmoschus manihot extract 58.2 g.
The remaining parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 4 cigarette
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the cigarette additive of the comparative example 4 replaces the abelmoschus manihot extract with the honeysuckle extract which also has alkaloid and flavonoid bioactive components, and the preparation method of the honeysuckle extract comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing 1kg of honeysuckle, putting the dried and crushed honeysuckle into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extractor, setting the extraction temperature to be 35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 25MPa, the separation temperature to be 25 ℃, the separation pressure to be 15MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 20L/min, and circularly extracting for 3h to obtain 32.7g of honeysuckle extract;
the remaining parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 5 cigarette
The difference from example 1 is that hydroxyapatite is not added to the cigarette additive of comparative example 5, and the rest parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Comparative example 6 cigarette
The difference from example 1 is that the particle size of hydroxyapatite in the cigarette additive of comparative example 6 is 200nm, and the rest parameters and operations refer to example 1.
Experimental example 1 detection of harmful ingredients in cigarette Smoke
Harmful components contained in the cigarette smoke prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 5 were measured, and the calculation statistics are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 cigarette harmful ingredient test results
As can be seen from table 1, compared with comparative example 1 (no cigarette additive is added), the contents of the harmful components in the smoke of the cigarettes prepared in examples 1 to 5 of the present invention are all significantly reduced, wherein the reduction degree of the contents of the harmful components in the smoke of example 4 (the cigarette additive is 0.01% of the weight of the cut tobacco) is the worst in the examples, and the reduction degree of the contents of the harmful components in the smoke of example 5 (the cigarette additive is 0.5% of the weight of the cut tobacco) is better in the examples and is equivalent to that in example 1, but the cigarette additive is added in a larger amount, and the cost is higher; compared with the cigarettes prepared in the comparative examples 2-6 (components in the cigarette additive are respectively removed or replaced), the degree of reduction of harmful components in smoke is obviously reduced.
Experimental example 2 evaluation of smoking quality of cigarette
Reference is made to GB5606.4-2005 cigarette part 4: sensory technical requirements, the sensory quality of the cigarettes prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6 was evaluated, wherein the first-class score was not less than 85, the second-class and third-class scores were not less than 75, and the fourth-class and fifth-class scores were not less than 60, and the results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 sensory evaluation results of cigarettes
As can be seen from Table 2, the sensory quality evaluation scores of the cigarettes prepared in the embodiments 1-5 and the comparative example 1 are all more than 85 points, and the cigarettes are one type of cigarettes and are deeply favored by consumers; the cigarettes prepared in comparative examples 2-6 (in which the components in the cigarette additive are removed or replaced respectively) all have different degrees of problems in terms of gloss, aroma, harmony, offensive odor, irritation and aftertaste, so that the scores are remarkably reduced.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A cigarette with low harmful components in smoke is characterized by comprising a cigarette additive accounting for 0.01-0.5% of the weight of tobacco shreds; the cigarette additive comprises Abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate and hydroxyapatite according to the weight ratio of 1 (0.1-1) to 0.5-5.
2. The cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the hydroxyapatite has a particle size of 20 to 100 nm.
3. The cigarette of claim 1, wherein the Abelmoschus manihot extract is prepared by a method comprising the steps of:
drying and crushing the Abelmoschus manihot, putting the crushed Abelmoschus manihot into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction apparatus, setting the extraction temperature to be 30-35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 20-30 MPa, the separation temperature to be 20-30 ℃, the separation pressure to be 5-20 MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 10-30L/min, and performing cyclic extraction for 2-5 h to obtain the Abelmoschus manihot extract.
4. The cigarette according to claim 1, wherein the cigarette comprises a cigarette additive in an amount of 0.01 to 0.1% by weight of the cut tobacco.
5. The cigarette as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cigarette additive comprises Abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate and hydroxyapatite in a weight ratio of 1 (0.1-0.5) to (2-5).
6. The cigarette of claim 5, wherein the cigarette additive is comprised of Abelmoschus manihot extract, sodium caseinate, and hydroxyapatite in a weight ratio of 1:0.4: 2.
7. A method for preparing a cigarette according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, preparing an Abelmoschus manihot extract;
s2, placing the Abelmoschus manihot extract obtained in the step S1 and sodium caseinate in water with the weight volume ratio of 1 (50-200), adding hydroxyapatite, and homogenizing for 2-10 min to obtain a cigarette additive solution;
s3, uniformly spraying the cigarette additive solution obtained in the step S2 on tobacco shreds, naturally drying, and balancing for 10-15 hours at the temperature of 22-25 ℃ and the humidity of 55-65%, so that the obtained tobacco shreds are made into cigarettes.
8. The preparation method according to claim 7, wherein in step S1, the Abelmoschus manihot extract is prepared by:
drying and crushing the Abelmoschus manihot, putting the crushed Abelmoschus manihot into an extraction kettle of a supercritical carbon dioxide extraction apparatus, setting the extraction temperature to be 30-35 ℃, the extraction pressure to be 20-30 MPa, the separation temperature to be 20-30 ℃, the separation pressure to be 5-20 MPa and the carbon dioxide flow rate to be 10-30L/min, and performing cyclic extraction for 2-5 h to obtain the Abelmoschus manihot extract.
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