CN110746519B - 一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及抗菌技术领域,提供了一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒及其制备方法。卤胺海藻酸颗粒制备方法是海藻酸盐溶液与卤胺前驱体化学剂反应一段时间后,逐滴加入到重金属溶液中,生成卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒,将此前驱体颗粒加入次卤酸盐溶液中室温下反应后,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒,该颗粒氯含量0.01%~5%,抗菌率>99%。本发明所述卤胺海藻酸颗粒具有高效抗菌、无污染、储存性能稳定等特点,其制作方法简单,常温生产、原料价格低廉,产物提纯简便,整理步骤简单,能耗低,杀菌率高且迅速,水中稳定性良好,且这种非水溶性抗菌消毒材料能够有效地避免水体的二次污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及抗菌技术领域,具体涉及一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒及其制备方法。
背景技术
海藻酸钠是褐藻细胞壁的主要成分,是提取碘和甘露醇之后的副产物,在褐藻类海带中含量高达30%-40%,属于丰富可再生海洋资源,自然界生物合成海藻酸钠年总量达30万吨以上。因其自然产量大、优良的生物相容性、无毒无害、可生物降解等特性,目前已被广泛应用于食品业、农业、医药工业、日用品工业等领域。我国海域广阔,海洋物产丰富,应用在净水行业中尚属新兴,同时,其作为天然生物高分子材料,可有效避免石油基净水材料因不可降解等因素带来的环保问题。海藻酸钠虽然有天然抗菌性,但其抗菌远达不到净水器所要求的瞬间抗菌,且因其易溶于水,直接用作净水材料,会对水体产生二次污染。
卤胺类抗菌剂是新型绿色环保抗菌剂,其具有大部分理想抗菌剂具备的特点:性价比高、有效期长、水溶液中溶出性低、杀菌率高、广谱杀菌、不易分解或转换为有毒物质、无毒无害、可再生等优点。卤胺类抗菌剂的结构中含有一个或一个以上的N-X(X为Cl、F、Br)键,与细菌接触时释放X+,因自然界中细菌大多数呈现电负性,X+可以抑制或破坏细菌的新陈代谢,N-X键变成N-H键,从而达到瞬间杀菌作用。其再生性能仅需在常温状态下,通过卤化剂作用,即可再次生成N-X键。该类抗菌剂已在食品、纺织、化妆品等多个行业使用。
各地卫生部门(卫生监督所)在市场上进行卫生执法检查,抽查净水器时,凡是不合格的净水器,问题绝大多数都出在细菌超标上。水体中多含有大量细菌,现有的净水材料多用吸附、滤过等原理对水体中细菌溶液进行处理,或在水体中提前溶入抗菌剂,以达到抗菌效果。前者长时间使用,易滋生细菌;后者降低净水效率,且残留的抗菌剂对人体有害。同时,目前所选用的杀菌净水材料多为石油基净水颗粒,对其生态环境所造成的污染是不可逆转的。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种以卤胺海藻酸颗粒为载体的抗菌净水材料;本发明的另一目的是提供一种以卤胺海藻酸颗粒为载体的抗菌净水材料的制备方法,其制作方法简单,常温生产、原料价格低廉,产物提纯简便,整理步骤简单,能耗低,杀菌率高且迅速,水中稳定性良好,且这种非水溶性抗菌消毒材料能够有效地避免水体的二次污染。
本发明采用以下的技术方案:
一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒,所述的卤胺海藻酸颗粒的结构通式为:
一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向海藻酸盐溶液中加入卤胺前驱体或卤胺前驱体溶液,在常温下充分反应后,逐滴加入到重金属盐溶液中,静置成形后,过滤,烘干,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒;
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入次氯酸盐溶液中室温下反应1~6小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒抗菌净水材料。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述海藻酸盐与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2-2:1。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,常温反应时间为5~12小时,静置时间为12~24小时。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,烘干的条件为25~100℃下烘干8~24小时。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,步骤(1)中,烘干的条件为45℃下烘干24小时。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述海藻酸盐为海藻酸钾、海藻酸钠中的一种或两种的混合物。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述海藻酸盐溶液的溶剂为水,质量浓度为1%~5%。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述卤胺前驱体的结构通式为:
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述卤胺前驱体溶液的溶剂为乙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、氯仿、四氯化碳中的一种或多种与水的混合溶剂,两者的混合体积比为1:1;卤胺前驱体溶液的质量浓度为5%~30%。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述重金属盐溶液中的重金属盐为钙、锌、铁、钴、铜、镁、镍的氯化盐、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐中的一种或多种;重金属盐溶液的溶剂为水,质量浓度为1%~10%。
进一步地,在上述的制备方法中,所述次氯酸盐溶液中次氯酸盐为次氯酸钠、次氯酸钾、次氯酸钙中的一种或多种;次氯酸盐溶液的pH值为7~12,有效氯含量为0.1%~5%。
本发明具有的有益效果是:
(1)卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒在水溶液中能稳定存在,能够有效地避免水体的二次污染;
(2)卤胺海藻酸颗粒接触细菌溶液瞬间杀菌率能够达99%以上;
(3)卤胺海藻酸颗粒具有高效抗菌、无污染、储存性能稳定等特点,合成所用的海藻酸盐属于丰富的海产资源。
附图说明
图1为纯海藻酸颗粒的扫描电镜图;
图2为卤胺海藻酸颗粒的扫描电镜图;
图3为卤胺海藻酸颗粒在水中的稳定性和缓释效果图。
具体实施方式
一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸颗粒的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)向海藻酸盐溶液中加入卤胺前驱体或卤胺前驱体溶液,反应一段时间后,逐滴加入到重金属盐溶液中,静置成形后,过滤,烘干,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒;
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入次氯酸盐溶液中室温下反应,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒抗菌净水材料。
其中,卤胺前驱体的结构通式为:
卤胺海藻酸颗粒的结构通式为:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步具体的说明:
实施例1
(1)将质量浓度1%海藻酸钠溶液与20ml含量为5%的卤胺前驱体乙醇/水溶液(体积比1:1)在常温下反应5小时后,逐滴加入到10%氯化钙溶液中,静置成形24h后,过滤,45℃烘干24小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钠与卤胺前驱体的质量比为2:1。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为0.1%的次氯酸钠溶液(pH=7)中,室温下反应3小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒。所得颗粒有效含氯量为0.20%,接触细菌溶液(<1min)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99%。
实施例2
(1)将质量浓度5%海藻酸钾溶液与50ml含量为20%的卤胺前驱体丙酮/乙醚/水溶液(体积比1:1:2)在常温下反应5小时后,逐滴加入到5%氯化钙溶液中,静置成形24h后,过滤,45℃烘干24小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钠与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为5.0%的次氯酸钾溶液(pH=12)中,室温下反应3小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸颗粒。所得颗粒有效含氯量为1.6%,接触细菌溶液瞬间(<1s)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99.9%,白色念珠菌杀菌率为99.9%。
实施例3
(1)将质量浓度2%海藻酸钾溶液与50ml含量为5%的卤胺前驱体N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/四氯化碳/水溶液(体积比3:1:1)在常温下反应5小时后,逐滴加入到1%氯化钙溶液中,静置成形24h后,过滤,45℃烘干24小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钾与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:1.5。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为2%的次氯酸钙溶液(pH=10)中,室温下反应3小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得5,5-二甲基硅氧烷海因海藻酸盐颗粒。所得颗粒有效含氯量为0.88%,接触细菌溶液瞬间(<1s)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99.9%,大肠杆菌杀菌率99.9%,白色念珠菌杀菌率为99.9%。
实施例4
(1)将质量浓度1%海藻酸钠溶液与50ml含量为5%的卤胺前驱体乙醇/水溶液(体积比1:1)在常温下反应5小时后,逐滴加入到1%硝酸锌溶液中,静置成形12小时后,过滤,25℃下烘干24小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钠与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为0.1%的次氯酸钠溶液(pH=7.5)中,室温下反应1小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒。所得颗粒接触细菌溶液瞬间(<1s)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99.9%,大肠杆菌杀菌率99.9%,白色念珠菌杀菌率为99.9%。
实施例5
(1)将质量浓度5%海藻酸钾溶液与50ml含量为30%的卤胺前驱体丙酮/氯仿/水溶液(体积比3:1:4)在常温下反应12小时后,逐滴加入到10%醋酸铜溶液中,静置成形24小时后,过滤,100℃下烘干8小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钠与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为5%的次氯酸钾溶液(pH=12)中,室温下反应6小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒。所得颗粒接触细菌溶液瞬间(<1s)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99.9%,大肠杆菌杀菌率99.9%,白色念珠菌杀菌率为99.9%。
实施例6
(1)将质量浓度3%海藻酸钾溶液与50ml含量为15%的卤胺前驱体乙醚/氯仿/四氯化碳/水溶液(体积比1:1:1:3)在常温下反应8小时后,逐滴加入到5%硫酸铜溶液中,静置成形15小时后,过滤60℃下烘干10小时,得到卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒。
海藻酸钠与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2。
(2)将卤胺海藻酸前驱体颗粒加入有效氯含量为3%的次氯酸钙溶液(pH=9)中,室温下反应3小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒。所得颗粒接触细菌溶液瞬间(<1s)金黄色葡萄球菌杀菌率为99.9%,大肠杆菌杀菌率99.9%,白色念珠菌杀菌率为99.9%。
将纯海藻酸颗粒和所得卤胺海藻酸颗粒分别进行扫描电镜检测,其结果见图1(a为放大30倍;b为放大100倍)和图2(a为放大30倍;b为放大100倍)所示。可见,纯海藻酸颗粒裂纹较多,形状不规整,有凹陷,凹凸不齐,直径大约在1.2mm~1.4mm之间,平均直径约为1.3mm。所生成的卤胺海藻酸颗粒的形状比较规整规整,呈圆形,颗粒直径大约在1.4mm~1.6mm之间,平均直径约为1.5mm。
将颗粒放入水中,在不同浸渍时间下检测有效氯在水中的缓释以及颗粒中剩余的有效氯含量,结果如图2所示。可以看出随时间的延长,缓释到水中有效氯逐渐增多,最终趋于稳定,为11ppm;颗粒上残留的有效氯含量随时间的延长有所降低,继续延长时间,有效氯含量变化不大,趋于稳定,经72小时浸渍后,有效氯的保留率为80%,说明制备的卤胺海藻酸颗粒在水中具有较好的稳定性能。
当然,上述说明并非是对本发明的限制,本发明也并不仅限于上述举例,本技术领域的技术人员在本发明的实质范围内所做出的变化、改型、添加或替换,也应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,用于制备一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒,该卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的结构通式为:
所述卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法具体包括以下步骤:
(1)向海藻酸盐溶液中加入卤胺前驱体溶液,在常温下充分反应后,逐滴加入到重金属盐溶液中,静置成形后,过滤,烘干,得到卤胺海藻酸盐前驱体颗粒;
(2)将卤胺海藻酸盐前驱体颗粒加入次氯酸盐溶液中室温下反应1~6小时,经过滤、洗涤、烘干,制得抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒;
所述卤胺前驱体的结构通式为:
所述海藻酸盐溶液的溶剂为水,质量浓度为1%~5%;
所述卤胺前驱体溶液的溶剂为乙醇、丙酮、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醚、氯仿、四氯化碳中的一种或多种与水的混合溶剂,两者的混合体积比为1:1;卤胺前驱体溶液的质量浓度为5%~30%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸盐与卤胺前驱体的质量比为1:2-2:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,常温反应时间为5~12小时,静置时间为12~24小时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述海藻酸盐为海藻酸钾、海藻酸钠中的一种或两种的混合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述重金属盐溶液中的重金属盐为钙、锌、铁、钴、铜、镁、镍的氯化盐、硝酸盐、醋酸盐、硫酸盐中的一种或多种;重金属盐溶液的溶剂为水,质量浓度为1%~10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌净水型的卤胺海藻酸盐颗粒的制备方法,其特征在于,所述次氯酸盐溶液中次氯酸盐为次氯酸钠、次氯酸钾、次氯酸钙中的一种或多种;次氯酸盐溶液的pH值为7~12,有效氯含量为0.1%~5%。
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