CN110742919A - 一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110742919A CN110742919A CN201810811959.1A CN201810811959A CN110742919A CN 110742919 A CN110742919 A CN 110742919A CN 201810811959 A CN201810811959 A CN 201810811959A CN 110742919 A CN110742919 A CN 110742919A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂及其制备方法,本发明的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂具有优异的物理性能参数,易于雾化形成气溶胶;其还具有质量可靠、安全性高、稳定性高、贮存时间长的优点。在本发明的制备方法中,有效成分的提取次数少且提取时间短,简单易操作,生产成本较低。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于制剂学领域,具体涉及一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
中药臭灵丹草(Laggera Herba),别名狮子草、臭叶子、野辣烟、归经草、鱼富有等,系菊科六棱属植物,主要分布于长江流域以南及西南部,主产于我国云南省。臭灵丹草作为民间用药已有500多年的历史,《滇南本草》记载其:治风热积毒、痈疽、疮疖、疥癣;《云南思茅中草药选》记载其:清热解毒、消脓拔肿、治疗咽喉炎、口腔炎、支气管炎、疟疾、烫烧伤、蛇咬伤;《云南中草药》记载其:治疗上呼吸道感染、扁桃体炎、口腔炎、防治流感;《中药大辞典》记载其:具有祛痰作用,治疗急性支气管炎。现代药理研究认为臭灵丹草中的倍半萜酸、倍半萜醇及黄酮类化合物等多种化学成分,具有消炎、镇痛之功,故其被广泛用于治疗感冒、咽喉炎、支气管炎、疟疾等,同时也可作为外敷药用来治疗疥疮、肿毒、烫烧伤、毒蛇咬伤等。
臭灵丹草已被开发出多种剂型应用于临床并且收到了较好的疗效,主要有灵丹草颗粒剂、灵丹草口服液、灵丹草胶囊剂、灵丹草片剂、臭灵丹注射液、灵丹草合剂等。
中国发明专利CN102100719A公开了一种包含臭灵丹草挥发油提取物的气雾剂,包含臭灵丹草挥发油提取物,稳定剂,pH调节剂,防腐剂,矫味剂,芳香剂等成分。但作为气雾剂而言,其添加了太多辅料,患者吸入后难保不会产生额外的副作用,且气雾剂还有一些惯性的缺点,如成本较高、遇热或受撞击后易发生爆炸、可因抛射剂的渗漏而失效等。
雾化吸入溶液制剂作为呼吸道或肺部给药制剂,可以直接作用于病灶部位,提高呼吸道或肺部的给药浓度,起效快,且可以避免肝脏的首过效应,减少药物的给药剂量,提高药物生物利用度,减少副作用。臭灵丹草处方具有消炎镇痛等功能,适合开发成作为呼吸道或肺部给药的雾化吸入溶液制剂,并且与现有制剂相比,预计将有更好的疗效及更低的副作用,但现有技术目前不存在臭灵丹草处方吸入的专用雾化吸入制剂。如何提供一种生物利用度高,直接作用于病灶部位,安全有效的臭灵丹草雾化吸入用溶液制剂成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂及其制备方法。本发明的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂具有优异的物理性能参数,易于雾化形成气溶胶;其还具有质量可靠、安全性高、稳定性高、贮存时间长的优点。在本发明的制备方法中,有效成分的提取次数少且提取时间短,简单易操作,生产成本较低。
本发明的第一个目的是提供一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂,是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂,包括:臭灵丹草有效成分和溶剂;所述臭灵丹草有效成分由臭灵丹草制备而成。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,在每升所述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,所述臭灵丹草的用量为50-600g;优选地,所述臭灵丹草的用量为100-550g;更优选地,所述臭灵丹草的用量为200-500g。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述吸入用灵丹草吸入溶液制剂还包括等渗剂。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述等渗剂选自无机盐等渗剂或糖类等渗剂。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述无机盐类等渗剂选自氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钙中的一种或多种;所述无机盐等渗剂优选为氯化钠;更优选地,所述无机盐类等渗剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为0.05%-2%,优选为0.1%-1.5%,更优选为0.2%-1%,最优选为0.4%-0.9%。采用无机盐类等渗剂形成的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂,不仅利于普通患者的使用,更有利于糖尿病患者的使用,使用范围较广。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述糖类等渗剂为葡萄糖、果糖、甘露醇中的一种或多种;优选地,所述糖类等渗剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为1%-15%,更优选为3%-12%,更更优选为4%-10%,最优选为5%-8%。
通过调节等渗剂的含量不仅可以调节吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的渗透压,还可以使该溶液制剂具有最佳的物理参数,从而使其更易于形成气溶胶。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂还包括pH调节剂;优选地,所述pH调节剂选自盐酸、磷酸、枸橼酸、冰醋酸、氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、磷酸二氢钾、磷酸二氢钠、磷酸氢二钠或磷酸氢二钾,更优选为盐酸和氢氧化钠;优选地,所述pH调节剂的用量优选使所述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的pH值为4~8(比如4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5),优选为4.5~7.5。通过控制吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的pH值,不仅可以减少其对黏膜的刺激作用,且还可以优化溶液制剂的物理性能,进而来提高其形成气溶胶的能力。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述吸入用灵丹草吸入溶液制剂还包括助溶剂。
作为一种优选实施方式,所述助溶剂选自乙醇、甘氨酸、乳酸、二乙胺、乙醇胺、丙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、聚氧乙烯失水山梨醇单油酸酯、β-环糊精、羟丙基-β-环糊精、泊洛沙姆、司盘或聚山梨酯中的一种或多种,所述助溶剂优选吐温-80;优选地,所述助溶剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为0.005-5%,更优选为0.01-0.5%。本发明通过选择性地使用助溶剂来提高灵丹草提取物在水中的溶解度此外,助溶剂的加入能够有效消除灵丹草溶液制剂中的浑浊或乳光,使药液澄明。
在上述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,作为一种优选实施方式,所述溶剂为纯化水、注射用水或灭菌注射用水。
此外,在没有不利影响的情况下,还可以按照常规方法根据应用或形式向本发明的雾化吸入剂中加入适当的载体和/或一种或多种添加剂。所述载体可以为常规用于制备半固体剂型或液体剂型的载体,例如水、水性溶剂或油性溶剂等。所述添加剂可以为,例如增稠剂、糖、糖醇、酸性粘多糖、表面活性剂、防腐剂、消毒剂、张力剂、稳定剂、缓冲剂等中的一种或多种。
在本发明中,采用超声雾化器、震动网式雾化器或者空气压缩式雾化器,将所述吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂以雾化形式吸入呼吸系统,可直接作用于病灶部位,起效快,且安全有效。灵丹草通过吸入给药可直接到达患者肺部,明显减轻症状,缩短病程。由于药物直接进入呼吸道,明显地减少了药物的毒副作用,这一点对于癌症患者尤为重要。
本发明的第二个目的是提供一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)臭灵丹草有效成分的制备:取处方量的臭灵丹草,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮至少2次,每次0.5-2h,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩后加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏12-24h,滤过,回收乙醇,加水过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用3-5倍量水洗涤,然后用4-6倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
(2)配液:取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加活性炭0.1-0.5%煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和助溶剂,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
在上述制备方法中,作为一种优选实施方式,在所述步骤(1)中,臭灵丹草有效成分包括挥发油及提取物。
在上述制备方法中,作为一种优选实施方式,在所述步骤(1)中,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次1h。
优选的,所述步骤(2)中pH值调节为4~8(比如4.5、5、5.5、6、6.5、7、7.5),优选为4.5~7.5。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下技术效果:
1、本发明提供的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂安全、有效、生物利用度高,不仅使用剂量少、起效快、疗效好,且无其他毒副作用,通过雾化吸入给予患者,直接将药物传递到呼吸道,吸收快,作用迅速;不仅可以避免首过效应和胃肠道降解,且提高了病灶部位药物浓度,减少给药剂量,降低药物在其他组织中的分布,降低药物副作用;另外,其给药方便,顺应好,尤其适合给予老人和小孩及吞咽困难的人群患者。
2、本发明提供的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂,具有最佳的物理参数,通过雾化器可以快速形成气溶胶,且不会引起呛咳反应。
3、本发明的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的制备方法,不仅简单易操作、生产成本低,且易于工业化生产。
具体实施方式
以下药物制剂实施例的制剂过程和制剂所用物质或制剂所用物质的用量不限于文字表述,凡含有本发明提供的药物组合物的制剂方法,均属于本发明的保护范围。
本发明实施例所使用的灵丹草中药原料,及无机盐等渗剂、糖类等渗剂、助溶剂等化学药品、试剂均为市售商品,所用仪器为常规仪器。
实施例1
取臭灵丹草50g,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩至约800ml,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏24h;滤过,回收乙醇,加水定容到1000mL,过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用4倍量水洗涤,然后用4倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回流乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加0.1%活性炭煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和吐温80,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值为6.5,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
实施例2
取臭灵丹草200g,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次1.5小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩至约800ml,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏24h;滤过,回收乙醇,加水定容到1000mL,过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用4倍量水洗涤,然后用5倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回流乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加0.2%活性炭煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和吐温80,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值为6.5,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
实施例3
取臭灵丹草250g,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩至约800ml,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏24h;滤过,回收乙醇,加水定容到1000mL,过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用4倍量水洗涤,然后用6倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回流乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加0.2%活性炭煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和吐温80,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值为7,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
实施例4
取臭灵丹草350g,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次2小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩至约800ml,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏24h;滤过,回收乙醇,加水定容到1000mL,过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用4倍量水洗涤,然后用5倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回流乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加0.2%活性炭煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和吐温80,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值为7,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
实施例5
取臭灵丹草500g,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮2次,每次1小时,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩至约800ml,加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏24h;滤过,回收乙醇,加水定容到1000mL,过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用4倍量水洗涤,然后用5倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回流乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物。
取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加0.3%活性炭煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和吐温80,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值为7,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
试验例镇咳试验
为了说明本发明实施例制备得到的吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂药效,镇咳试验如下。
取体重为20g左右的小鼠首先进行引咳预试验,剔除不合格小鼠后,取70只小鼠,雌雄各半,随机分7组,每组10只。第1-5组为灵丹草溶液吸入组,通过雾化吸入将实施例1-5的吸入用灵丹草溶液给予第1-5组小鼠,一组小鼠对应一个实施例吸入用溶液制剂,给药剂量均为8.2ml/kg;第6组为灵丹草合剂口服组,通过口服将灵丹草合剂(云南名扬药液有限公司)给予小鼠,给药剂量为8.2ml/kg;第7组为模型组,通过雾化吸入给予8.2ml/kg剂量的生理盐水。给药1h后,将小鼠放入1000ml钟罩内并注入0.2ml氨水引咳。1min后取出,记录3min内每只小鼠的咳嗽次数,结果详见表1。
表1吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂的镇咳作用试验结果
与模型组相比:◆P<0.05;◆◆P<0.01
由表1可知,灵丹草吸入组与灵丹草合剂口服组及生理盐水组相比,咳嗽次数明显减少(P<0.01),可见吸入组和口服组均具有明显的镇咳作用,同时吸入组镇咳效果优于口服组。
Claims (11)
1.一种吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂,包括:臭灵丹草有效成分和溶剂,所述臭灵丹草有效成分由臭灵丹草制备而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的溶液制剂,其中所述每升吸入用灵丹草溶液制剂中,所述臭灵丹草的用量为50-600g;优选地,所述臭灵丹草的用量为100-550g;更优选地,所述臭灵丹草的用量为200-500g。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述吸入用灵丹草吸入溶液制剂还包括等渗剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述等渗剂为无机盐等渗剂或糖类等渗剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述无机盐类等渗剂选自氯化钠、氯化镁、氯化钙中的一种或多种,优选为氯化钠;所述无机盐类等渗剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为0.05%-2%,优选为0.1%-1.5%,更优选为0.2%-1%,最优选为0.4%-0.9%。
6.根据权利要求4所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述糖类等渗剂为葡萄糖、果糖、甘露醇中的一种或多种;所述糖类等渗剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为1%-15%,更优选为3%-12%,更更优选为4%-10%,最优选为5%-8%。
7.根据权利要求1~6任一项所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂选用纯化水、注射用水或无菌注射用水。
8.根据权利要求1~7任一项所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述溶剂还包括助溶剂。
9.根据权利要求8所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述助溶剂选自乙醇、丙二醇、甘油、聚乙二醇、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油、泊洛沙姆、司盘或聚山梨酯中的一种或多种,优选聚山梨酯,更优选聚山梨酯-80;所述助溶剂在所述溶液制剂中的用量为0.005-5%,更优选为0.01-0.5%。
10.根据权利要求1~9任一项所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,所述溶液制剂的pH值为4.0-8.0,优选pH值为4.5-7.5。
11.根据权利要求1~10任一项所述的溶液制剂,其特征在于,制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)臭灵丹草有效成分的制备:取处方量的臭灵丹草,用水蒸气蒸馏收集挥发油,蒸馏后的水溶液滤过,滤液备用,药渣加水煎煮至少2次,每次0.5-2h,滤过,滤液与上述蒸馏后的滤液合并,减压浓缩后加乙醇使含醇量达80%,搅匀、冷藏12-24h,滤过,回收乙醇,加水过已处理好的大孔树脂柱,先用3-5倍量水洗涤,然后用4-6倍量20%-60%乙醇洗脱,收集洗脱液,回收乙醇,减压干燥,得提取物;
(2)配液:取提取物加水溶解,静置24h以上,滤过,加活性炭0.1-0.5%煮沸30min,滤过,超滤,然后加入挥发油和助溶剂,并加水定容1000mL,搅匀,滤过,调pH值,加入等渗剂,搅匀,滤过,灌封,灭菌即得。
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